词义猜测题
（建议用时25分钟）
A
（2025 沈阳教学质量监测）In a groundbreaking victory for youth environmental activism， five high school students from Jiangsu Province successfully sued a local packaging factory because of its pollution to their community’s river.The determined teens， aged 16 to 18， spent six months gathering evidence after noticing dead fish floating in the waterway near their school.Their investigation began when chemistry club member Wu Bo discovered abnormal pH levels in the water during a routine science project.
Led by 17－year－old Liang Fan， the team conducted scientific water tests using equipment borrowed from their school lab.They also interviewed over 50 affected residents， including fishermen who had lost their livelihoods， and documented the factory’s illegal waste discharge through photographs and video recordings.“We stayed up late analyzing samples and studying Articles 42 and 58 of the Environmental Protection Law.” Liang recalled.Their biology teacher， Mr Luan， helped them prepare the technical reports that became key proofs in court.
The historic judgment required the factory to：
·Immediately stop all illegal discharges.
·Pay ￥120，000 for river cleanup.
·Fix 24/7 pollution monitoring systems.
·Publicly report emission （排放） data monthly.
“This case proves young people can drive change when they understand and use the law，” said environmental lawyer Zhou Yi， who volunteered to advise the students.“The verdict （判决） has inspired similar youth－led actions across China， with over 20 student environmental groups now monitoring local factories.Many schools have added legal education programs to their courses following this pioneering case.”
1.What does the underlined word “sued” in paragraph 1 probably mean？（ ）
A.Charged. B.Cheated.
C.Closed. D.Controlled.
2.What can be learnt about the investigation team from paragraph 2？（ ）
A.They documented the fishermen’s losses.
B.They borrowed equipment to do fish tests.
C.They studied over 100 articles about laws.
D.They consulted relevant laws for evidence.
3.Which is the correct order of the following events？（ ）
a.The court announced the sentence. b.Dead fish were spotted in the river.
c.The team prepared technical reports. d.A chemistry club member tested water.
A.b－d－c－a B.b－a－d－c
C.d－b－c－a D.d－b－a－c
4.What can help youth drive change according to Zhou Yi？（ ）
A.Legal education in schools. B.Just verdicts on communities.
C.Financial aid from lawyers. D.Active involvement of factories.
B
（2025 永州模拟）Nations with large amounts of wind and solar in their power grids （电网） are particularly exposed to rising energy bills due to sharp increases in the gas price.The relationship between decarbonisation and swings in prices has been a controversial （有争议的） issue as governments consider clean energy strategies， but an analysis of power prices has now provided evidence to inform the debate.
Vast quantities of wind and solar capacity have been introduced across Europe in recent years， but these power sources are intermittent， generating electricity only when winds blow or the sky is cloudless.
Gas power plants， which can be switched on and off relatively easily， are frequently relied on to provide power when renewable generation is low.But gas is often the most expensive source of power， and electricity market rules mean the most expensive generator sets the price for the entire market.
Raúl Bajo－Buenestado at the University of Navarra and his colleagues found nations with more wind and solar in their power systems were more vulnerable to natural gas price shocks.Spain， for example， has large volumes of solar power and is particularly sensitive to power price changes.“If you have natural gas， wind and solar， this is going to make the perfect cocktail for you to be vulnerable，” says Bajo－Buenestado.
It is the need for flexible generation alongside wind and solar that is the issue.Bajo－Buenestado points out that other nations with low－carbon power grids， such as Norway and France， rely on hydropower and nuclear technology， which are reliable generators.“We don’t see a clear correlation between decarbonisation and sensitivity to natural gas price changes，” he says.
Solving the problem will require nations to replace gas as the back－up fuel of choice.One answer is for grid operators to push the power system to become better able to absorb peaks and valleys in generation.“The underlying message is that getting a flexible system is now as important as building renewables，” says Michael Grubb at University College London.
5.What does the controversial issue in the first paragraph refer to？（ ）
A.How rising gas prices will affect power grids.
B.Which countries may face higher energy bills.
C.What should be included in clean energy strategies.
D.Whether carbon cuts are linked to varying power prices.
6.What does the underlined word “intermittent” in paragraph 2 probably mean？（ ）
A.Faulty. B.Costly.
C.Unstable. D.Inefficient.
7.Why is natural gas still needed in high－renewable－energy systems？（ ）
A.It helps lower energy costs. B.It can quickly fill gaps in supply.
C.It ensures consistent market prices. D.It is a key driver of energy innovation.
8.What might be an ideal combination of power sources？（ ）
A.Solar and gas. B.Nuclear and gas.
C.Solar and wind. D.Nuclear and wind.
C
（2025 郑州质量预测）Cars produced today are essentially smartphones with wheels.For drivers， this means many new features： automatic braking （刹车）， turn－by－turn directions， and entertainment systems.But carmakers are getting much more.They’re constantly collecting data from our vehicles， like how much we weigh， how fast we drive， how many children we have and even financial information.But who owns and， finally， controls that data？ And what are carmakers doing with it？
The issue of ownership is not clearly known.Drivers usually sign away their rights to data.It’s not unlike buying a smartphone.The difference is that most customers have no idea that vehicles collect data.We know our smartphones collect data and we’ve come to accept that we trade personal information for convenience.With cars， we have no such expectation.
What carmakers are doing with the collected data isn’t clear.We know they use it to improve car performance and safety and that they have the ability to sell it to third parties they might choose.The data on your driving habits could be valuable to insurance companies.You may or may not choose to share it with these services.But while you can turn off location data on your cellphone， there is no opt－out feature for your car.
Carmakers use data to warn us when something needs repair or when our cars need to be taken in for service.For almost a century， car owners have been able to take their vehicles to whichever shop they trust for maintenance and repair.That may be changing.When carmakers control the data， they can choose which service centers receive our information.They’re more likely to share our data only with their branded dealerships （经销商） than with independent repair shops which could have an advantage in price and convenience.
It is clear that because of its value — as high as 750 billion dollars by 2030 — carmakers are unlikely to release control of the data collected from our vehicles.Policymakers， however， have the chance to give drivers control — not just so that they can keep their data private but also so that they can share it with the people who want to see it.This will let car owners maintain what they’ve had for a century： the right to decide who fixes their cars.
9.How is paragraph 2 developed？（ ）
A.By expressing ideas. B.By giving examples.
C.By exploring reasons. D.By making comparisons.
10.What does the underlined part “opt－out feature” in paragraph 3 refer to？（ ）
A.A useful tool. B.A special part.
C.A function to stop something. D.A way to start something.
11.What might happen if carmakers control users’ data？（ ）
A.More repair shops will appear. B.Carmakers will offer more repair shops.
C.Users will spend more on car maintenance. D.Independent repair shops will earn higher profits.
12.What is the author’s attitude towards the future of vehicle data control？（ ）
A.Policies may help drivers gain control of their data.
B.Car owners will release control over their vehicle data.
C.Drivers should realize the value of their personal data.
D.Carmakers may share vehicle data with drivers in no way.
词义猜测题
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了江苏省五名高中生因当地一家包装工厂污染社区河流而成功提起诉讼的事件。文章详细描述了学生们如何发现污染问题、进行科学测试和调查取证的过程，以及他们最终赢得诉讼并促使工厂采取整改措施的结果。
1.A 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句以及下文可知，文章详细描述了学生们收集证据等一系列行为，最后提到了判决，要求工厂停止非法排污、支付清理费用等。由此推知，学生们是因为工厂污染河流而对工厂采取了法律行动，画线词sued与charged（控诉）意思接近。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可推知，他们为了找到证据查阅了相关法律。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，学生们先是注意到河里有死鱼，后来化学俱乐部成员在一次常规科学项目中检测水，发现了异常的pH值，从而开始调查。根据第二段最后一句可知，他们的生物老师帮助准备了技术报告。根据最后一段内容可知，法院宣布了判决。所以正确顺序是 b－d－c－a。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，周毅认为当年轻人理解并运用法律时，他们就能推动变革，而很多学校在这一开创性案件之后增加了法律教育课程，这说明学校中的法律教育能帮助年轻人推动变革。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出电网中大量使用风能和太阳能的国家因天然气价格上涨面临能源账单增加问题，分析了原因并提出解决办法。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，有争议的问题是脱碳是否与波动的电价有关。
6.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，风能和太阳能只有在特定条件下才能发电，说明这两种能源是不稳定的。所以画线词intermittent意为“不稳定的”，与Unstable同义。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，在高可再生能源系统中仍然需要天然气是因为它可以迅速填补供应缺口。
8.D 推理判断题。根据第二段和第五段第二句可知，风能和太阳能两种能源是不稳定的，而水电和核电是稳定的。所以，核电（稳定）与风电（可再生）的组合是理想模式。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了汽车制造商收集的车辆数据及其所有权和控制权问题。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，本段是通过智能手机和汽车收集的数据进行对比来展开论述的，即通过作比较来展开论述。
10.C 词义猜测题。画线短语上文提到用户可以自主选择是否与这些服务共享。根据But可知，画线部分所在句与上句构成转折关系，尽管你可以关闭手机上的数据位置，但你的汽车却没有停止分享数据位置的功能。据此可推知，画线部分与C项（停止某事的功能）意思相近。
11.C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，若汽车制造商控制数据，这意味着用户可能需要为汽车保养花费更多，因为品牌经销商的收费可能会更高。
12.A 观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句可推知，作者认为政策制定者可以让驾驶员掌握对数据的控制权，因此政策可以帮助司机控制他们的数据。
4 / 5(共29张PPT)
词义猜测题
（建议用时25分钟）
A
（2025·沈阳教学质量监测）In a groundbreaking victory for youth
environmental activism， five high school students from Jiangsu Province
successfully sued a local packaging factory because of its pollution to their
community’s river.The determined teens， aged 16 to 18， spent six
months gathering evidence after noticing dead fish floating in the
waterway near their school.Their investigation began when chemistry club
member Wu Bo discovered abnormal pH levels in the water during a
routine science project.
Led by 17-year-old Liang Fan， the team conducted scientific water
tests using equipment borrowed from their school lab.They also
interviewed over 50 affected residents， including fishermen who had lost
their livelihoods， and documented the factory’s illegal waste discharge
through photographs and video recordings.“We stayed up late analyzing
samples and studying Articles 42 and 58 of the Environmental Protection
Law.” Liang recalled.Their biology teacher， Mr Luan， helped them
prepare the technical reports that became key proofs in court.
The historic judgment required the factory to：
Immediately stop all illegal discharges.
Pay ￥120，000 for river cleanup.
Fix 24/7 pollution monitoring systems.
Publicly report emission （排放） data monthly.
“This case proves young people can drive change when they
understand and use the law，” said environmental lawyer Zhou Yi， who
volunteered to advise the students.“The verdict （判决） has inspired
similar youth-led actions across China， with over 20 student
environmental groups now monitoring local factories.Many schools have
added legal education programs to their courses following this pioneering
case.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了江苏省五名高中生因
当地一家包装工厂污染社区河流而成功提起诉讼的事件。文章详细
描述了学生们如何发现污染问题、进行科学测试和调查取证的过
程，以及他们最终赢得诉讼并促使工厂采取整改措施的结果。
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了江苏省五名高中生因
当地一家包装工厂污染社区河流而成功提起诉讼的事件。文章详细
描述了学生们如何发现污染问题、进行科学测试和调查取证的过
程，以及他们最终赢得诉讼并促使工厂采取整改措施的结果。
1. What does the underlined word “sued” in paragraph 1 probably
mean？（ ）
A. Charged. B. Cheated.
C. Closed. D. Controlled.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句以及下文可知，文章
详细描述了学生们收集证据等一系列行为，最后提到了判决，要
求工厂停止非法排污、支付清理费用等。由此推知，学生们是因
为工厂污染河流而对工厂采取了法律行动，画线词sued与charged
（控诉）意思接近。
√
2. What can be learnt about the investigation team from paragraph 2？
（ ）
A. They documented the fishermen’s losses.
B. They borrowed equipment to do fish tests.
C. They studied over 100 articles about laws.
D. They consulted relevant laws for evidence.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可推知，他们为了找到证据查阅了相关法律。
√
3. Which is the correct order of the following events？（ ）
a.The court announced the sentence.
b.Dead fish were spotted in the river.
c.The team prepared technical reports.
d.A chemistry club member tested water.
A. b-d-c-a B. b-a-d-c
C. d-b-c-a D. d-b-a-c
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，学生们先是注意到河
里有死鱼，后来化学俱乐部成员在一次常规科学项目中检测水，发现
了异常的pH值，从而开始调查。根据第二段最后一句可知，他们的生
物老师帮助准备了技术报告。根据最后一段内容可知，法院宣布了判
决。所以正确顺序是 b-d-c-a。
4. What can help youth drive change according to Zhou Yi？（ ）
A. Legal education in schools.
B. Just verdicts on communities.
C. Financial aid from lawyers.
D. Active involvement of factories.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，周毅认为当年轻人
理解并运用法律时，他们就能推动变革，而很多学校在这一开创性案
件之后增加了法律教育课程，这说明学校中的法律教育能帮助年轻人
推动变革。
√
B
（2025·永州模拟）Nations with large amounts of wind and solar in their power grids （电网） are particularly exposed to rising energy bills due to sharp increases in the gas price.The relationship between
decarbonisation and swings in prices has been a controversial （有争议
的） issue as governments consider clean energy strategies， but an
analysis of power prices has now provided evidence to inform the debate.
Vast quantities of wind and solar capacity have been introduced across Europe in recent years， but these power sources are intermittent，
generating electricity only when winds blow or the sky is cloudless.
Gas power plants， which can be switched on and off relatively
easily， are frequently relied on to provide power when renewable
generation is low.But gas is often the most expensive source of power，
and electricity market rules mean the most expensive generator sets the
price for the entire market.
Raúl Bajo-Buenestado at the University of Navarra and his colleagues
found nations with more wind and solar in their power systems were more
vulnerable to natural gas price shocks.Spain， for example， has large
volumes of solar power and is particularly sensitive to power price
changes.“If you have natural gas， wind and solar， this is going to
make the perfect cocktail for you to be vulnerable，” says Bajo-
Buenestado.
It is the need for flexible generation alongside wind and solar that is
the issue.Bajo-Buenestado points out that other nations with low-carbon
power grids， such as Norway and France， rely on hydropower and
nuclear technology， which are reliable generators.“We don’t see a
clear correlation between decarbonisation and sensitivity to natural gas
price changes，” he says.
Solving the problem will require nations to replace gas as the back-up fuel of choice.One answer is for grid operators to push the power
system to become better able to absorb peaks and valleys in generation.“The underlying message is that getting a flexible system is now as important as building renewables，” says Michael Grubb at University College London.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出电网中大量使用风能和太
阳能的国家因天然气价格上涨面临能源账单增加问题，分析了原因
并提出解决办法。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出电网中大量使用风能和太
阳能的国家因天然气价格上涨面临能源账单增加问题，分析了原因
并提出解决办法。
5. What does the controversial issue in the first paragraph refer to？
（ ）
A. How rising gas prices will affect power grids.
B. Which countries may face higher energy bills.
C. What should be included in clean energy strategies.
D. Whether carbon cuts are linked to varying power prices.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，有争议的问题是脱碳是否与波动的电价有关。
√
6. What does the underlined word “intermittent” in paragraph 2
probably mean？（ ）
A. Faulty. B. Costly.
C. Unstable. D. Inefficient.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，风能和太阳能只有在特定条件下才能发电，说明这两种能源是不稳定的。所以画线词intermittent意为“不稳定的”，与Unstable同义。
√
7. Why is natural gas still needed in high-renewable-energy systems？
（ ）
A. It helps lower energy costs.
B. It can quickly fill gaps in supply.
C. It ensures consistent market prices.
D. It is a key driver of energy innovation.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，在高可再生能源系统中仍然需要天然气是因为它可以迅速填补供应缺口。
√
8. What might be an ideal combination of power sources？（ ）
A. Solar and gas. B. Nuclear and gas.
C. Solar and wind. D. Nuclear and wind.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段和第五段第二句可知，风能和太
阳能两种能源是不稳定的，而水电和核电是稳定的。所以，核电（稳
定）与风电（可再生）的组合是理想模式。
√
C
（2025·郑州质量预测）Cars produced today are essentially
smartphones with wheels.For drivers， this means many new features：
automatic braking （刹车）， turn-by-turn directions， and
entertainment systems.But carmakers are getting much more.They’re
constantly collecting data from our vehicles， like how much we weigh，
how fast we drive， how many children we have and even financial
information.But who owns and， finally， controls that data？ And what
are carmakers doing with it？
The issue of ownership is not clearly known.Drivers usually sign
away their rights to data.It’s not unlike buying a smartphone.The
difference is that most customers have no idea that vehicles collect
data.We know our smartphones collect data and we’ve come to accept
that we trade personal information for convenience.With cars， we have
no such expectation.
What carmakers are doing with the collected data isn’t clear.We
know they use it to improve car performance and safety and that they have
the ability to sell it to third parties they might choose.The data on your
driving habits could be valuable to insurance companies.You may or may
not choose to share it with these services.But while you can turn off
location data on your cellphone， there is no opt-out feature for your car.
Carmakers use data to warn us when something needs repair or when
our cars need to be taken in for service.For almost a century， car owners
have been able to take their vehicles to whichever shop they trust for
maintenance and repair.That may be changing.When carmakers control
the data， they can choose which service centers receive our information.
They’re more likely to share our data only with their branded dealerships （经销商） than with independent repair shops which could have an advantage in price and convenience.
It is clear that because of its value — as high as 750 billion dollars by
2030 — carmakers are unlikely to release control of the data collected
from our vehicles.Policymakers， however， have the chance to give
drivers control — not just so that they can keep their data private but also
so that they can share it with the people who want to see it.This will let car
owners maintain what they’ve had for a century： the right to decide
who fixes their cars.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了汽车制造商收集的
车辆数据及其所有权和控制权问题。
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了汽车制造商收集的
车辆数据及其所有权和控制权问题。
9. How is paragraph 2 developed？（ ）
A. By expressing ideas. B. By giving examples.
C. By exploring reasons. D. By making comparisons.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可推知，本段是通过智能
手机和汽车收集的数据进行对比来展开论述的，即通过作比较来
展开论述。
10. What does the underlined part “opt-out feature” in paragraph 3 refer
to？（ ）
A. A useful tool.
B. A special part.
C. A function to stop something.
D. A way to start something.
√
解析： 词义猜测题。画线短语上文提到用户可以自主选择是否与
这些服务共享。根据But可知，画线部分所在句与上句构成转折关
系，尽管你可以关闭手机上的数据位置，但你的汽车却没有停止分享
数据位置的功能。据此可推知，画线部分与C项（停止某事的功能）
意思相近。
11. What might happen if carmakers control users’ data？（ ）
A. More repair shops will appear.
B. Carmakers will offer more repair shops.
C. Users will spend more on car maintenance.
D. Independent repair shops will earn higher profits.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，若汽车制造商控
制数据，这意味着用户可能需要为汽车保养花费更多，因为品牌经销
商的收费可能会更高。
√
12. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of vehicle data
control？（ ）
A. Policies may help drivers gain control of their data.
B. Car owners will release control over their vehicle data.
C. Drivers should realize the value of their personal data.
D. Carmakers may share vehicle data with drivers in no way.
解析： 观点态度题。根据最后一段第二句可推知，作者认为政策
制定者可以让驾驶员掌握对数据的控制权，因此政策可以帮助司机控
制他们的数据。
√
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看第四讲 词义猜测题——上下取证知其意
一、题型特点与设问方式
题型特点 设问方式
词句猜测类题目中需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或者句子结构等，学生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型分为词义猜测题、代词指代题和句意猜测题。 该类题型常见的设题形式有： ①What does “...” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to/mean？ ②Which is closest in meaning to “...” in paragraph 1？ ③Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in paragraph 2？ ④Which of the following can replace the underlined word “...” in paragraph 2？
二、词义猜测题——活用4大核心技法
技法（一） 根据逻辑关系猜测词义
语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以推断出生词词义。常见的逻辑关系主要有：
1.反义关系
反义关系是指文章在对两个事物或者现象进行转折或对比性的描述时，会使用与生词意思相反的描述，学生可根据描述内容来猜测词汇的意思。
【典例】 （2024 全国甲卷阅读B篇节选） Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit， but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators （食肉动物）.Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it! 26.Which best explains the phrase “take ...up a notch” in paragraph 3？ A.Perform appropriately. B.Move faster. C.Act strangely. D.Do better. 解题思路：根据转折连词but可知，画线短语所在句前后形成转折关系。画线短语所在句上半句强调狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯闻名；选段倒数第三句表明猫会用捡到的物品向主人表达爱意。结合语境和上下句之间的转折关系可推测，画线处表明猫的取物能力更强。 正确答案： D
2.同义关系
画线词或者短语所在句子的前后，有时会出现与之同义或是近义的词语，它通常暗示了画线词汇的含义，成为推测词义的线索。
【典例】 （2023 1月浙江卷阅读C篇节选） Brilliant though it is， Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out， yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond， professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University， put it：“There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.” 29.What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to？ A.Arguments. B.Doubts. C.Errors. D.Differences. 解题思路：根据画线词所在句的前一句可知，尽管“辩论者计划”非常出色，但它也有一些弱点，这可能导致人类不会犯的错误。下文提到这些 无疑会被解决，但它们也指出了一个根本问题。根据前面的Such可判断，wrinkles与上文中的errors为同义词。 正确答案： C
3.因果关系
若画线词所在句与另一个句子之间存在因果关系，学生可通过明晰因与果来推断画线词的意思。
【典例】 （浙江卷阅读C篇节选） “The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate， or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions，”she said.“Moreover， the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non－verbal communication.So， it seems the gulf remains.” 29.What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean？ A.Difference. B.Conflict. C.Balance. D.Connection. 解题思路：句中出现了So一词，表示因果关系，由此可知前面的内容是学生需重点阅读的部分。根据节选段内容可知，手势含义的模糊性表明，黑猩猩几乎没有什么可交流的，或者我们仍然错过了它们手势和动作中包含的许多信息，此外，这些含义似乎并没有超出其它动物通过非语言交流传达的信息。由此可推知，黑猩猩用手势交流的方式与我们用语言交流的方式是不同的。因此So之后有“看上去差异依然存在”之意，故gulf表示“差异，不同”。 正确答案： A
技法（二） 根据语法关系猜测词义
定语从句、同位语/同位语从句、下定义和标点符号等皆是文章中常见的一些语法结构或行文方式，这些都可以帮助我们猜测词义。
技法图解
典例精析 【典例】 （浙江卷阅读B篇节选） In the past few years， an increasing number of people and organizations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.A couple of years ago， film－maker David Bond realized that his children， then aged five and three， were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three－year－old son’s ear without getting a response.He realized that something needed to change， and， being a London media type， appointed himself “marketing director for Nature”.He documented his journey as he set about treating nature a brand to be marketed to young people.The result was Project Wild Thing， a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network， a group of organizations with the common goal of petting children out into nature. 26.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2？ A.records B.predicts C.delays D.confirms 解题思路：画线词所在的句子是一个定语从句，所修饰的先行词a film又作Project Wild Thing的同位语，对其起到解释说明的作用。分析画线词前面的句子，再结合画线词后面的the birth of the Wild Network可知，他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生。charts应表示“记录”，与records意思一致。 正确答案： A
技法（三） 根据构词法猜测词义
构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。构词法主要有派生、合成和转化三种形式。
技法图解
典例精析 【典例】 （2023 新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇节选） The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism， including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works， and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
典例精析 To do so， I divided the book into two parts. In part one， I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism， starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable， before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy：the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days， you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean？ A.Clear－up. B.Add－on. C.Check－in. D.Take－over. 解题思路：画线词declutter为派生词，含有前缀de－，前缀de－来自拉丁语，意为“away from”，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。词根clutter 用作动词，意为“凌乱地塞满；乱堆放”；用作名词，意为“杂乱的东西；杂乱”。根据“所猜词意思=词根意思＋前缀意思”可知，“去除杂乱的东西；使不再凌乱”即“清理”。再根据上下文进行词义验证：画线词下句中的This process指代the digital declutter。该句提到这个过程要求读者在30天内远离可选择的网络活动。由此可推知，作者应是建议读者进行网络活动的清理。因此declutter意为“清理”。 正确答案： A
技法（四） 根据上下文语境猜测词义
上下文语境是猜测词义的重要依据之一。解题时，学生需要全面考虑词汇所要表达的含义。
技法图解
典例精析 【典例】 （2025 全国一卷阅读B篇节选） As a new unit started， I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health－related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments， a personal－narrative unit followed by a creative－writing workshop， I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre （体裁） and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories， 10 to 20 pages each， with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart. 26.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean？ A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing. 解题思路：根据画线词下一句可知，这次学生们选择了多元主题，交上来的故事每篇10到20页，角色既拓宽了“我”的视野，又触动了“我”的内心。由此可推知，这次学生的写作成果是“令人惊叹的”。 正确答案： B
三、代词指代题——“就近原则”判指代
阅读理解语篇中的代词it，that等都可以用以代表文中提到的人、物或某件事。对于有明显指代词的词义猜测题，我们可以借助指代关系，准确理解句子意思，从而快速推测画线词的含义。需要注意的是，有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的内容。
技法图解
典例精析 【典例】 （2025 全国二卷阅读B篇节选） There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t care about their schoolwork.” 26.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4？ A.Offering regular lessons. B.Paying extra attention. C.Assigning no schoolwork. D.Showing no sympathy. 解题思路：根据画线词所在句的上一句和下一句可知，一些老师不给生病的孩子们布置作业，更多的是表示同情，而孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他们的学业，前后对比说明不布置作业反而对他们来说是一种伤害，it指代前面提到的 Some teachers don’t give the kids any assignments。 正确答案： C
四、句意猜测题——“意义吻合”定句意
句意猜测题通常需要学生猜测一个具有概括性的句子的意思，要求学生通过分析上下文语境，理解句子表达的含义。学生可以在原文中找到该句，进行语法和逻辑关系分析，首先要理解句子前后的语境，然后将句子的意思与语境相结合进行推断，做出选择。
技法图解
典例精析 【典例】 （浙江卷阅读B篇节选） Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month， a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can， Take What You Need.” 24.What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean？ A.Money spent without hesitation. B.Money not legally made. C.Money offered without conditions. D.Money not tied together. 解题思路：定位原文画线句，找到下文的关键信息句Give What You Can，Take What You Need.（给出你所能给的，拿走你所需要的），由此可知，如果你有能力，就捐钱；如果你需要钱，就可以拿走钞票，没有任何条件，给和拿都是自愿的。 正确答案： C
A
（2025 威海模拟）Growing up， my identity was bound together with being an athlete.I rarely missed any practice or training.Being so active， I never worried about what I ate — pizza， donuts， pasta — whatever was in front of me.
When I went to college， however， my mindset towards food sharply changed.No longer a student athlete， I began to learn about wellness.In a lecture， our professor took a cup of Sprite and showed its sugar content by comparing it to a cup of pure sugar.I was stunned.For the first time， I realized my eating habits needed to change.
Immediately， I cut out nearly all sugar from my diet.I refused cake at parties and skipped late－night pizza with friends.
Though these habits were good for my physical health， slowly， they began to weigh on my mental health.What started as restricting sweets turned into weighing myself multiple times a day and obsessively （过度地） tracking calories.Despite being at a healthy weight， I was consumed by thoughts of food： What did I eat that day？ How much do I need to work out to burn it off？ On the outside， I was physically fit， but on the inside， I was anxious about maintaining this state of perfection with food.
It wasn’t until I graduated that I began to critically reflect on my obsession with food.I realized the sense of control my strict habits brought me was actually doing the opposite： In placing so much emphasis on food， I felt out of control.How could I shift to a balance of healthy eating with the occasional indulgence？
Slowly， I learned that the world would not end if I eat some ice cream or drink a glass of Sprite.At my core， I believe letting myself enjoy small pleasures is what makes me feel more human and alive.For me， this balance is crucial to living a fulfilling， satisfying life.
1.What was the author’s attitude to food as an athlete？（ ）
A.Adventurous. B.Balanced.
C.Carefree. D.Guilty.
2.What is the focus of paragraph 4？（ ）
A.My efforts at tracking calorie intake.
B.My method of staying physically fit.
C.My social isolation caused by dieting.
D.My mental burden behind healthy eating.
3.Which word can best replace the underlined word “indulgence” in paragraph 5？（ ）
A.Enjoyment. B.Self－control.
C.Workouts. D.Medical check－ups.
4.What message is conveyed in the passage？（ ）
A.You are what you eat. B.Obsession can backfire.
C.Health ensures happiness. D.Perfection brings success.
B
（2025 重庆调研抽测）What do you do as spring sets in？ Taking off your warm winter coat， and putting it away？ For humans， taking off winter coats is a one－minute task.As it turns out， not all animals are so capable.
Snowshoe rabbits live in the mountain ranges of North America， and have a pure white coat during the winter time to match the snowy surroundings and to help avoid being caught.And they take off winter coats for a darker brown fur color to match the dirt and leaves after the snow melts in the spring.Sounds like a great way to escape from their natural enemies， right？ However， concern begins when scientists begin looking at how the warming climate will impact the rabbits.
There are more and more white rabbits in the middle of a brown habitat， where the snow has already melted away.This is a problem for them， as they are more easily seen by their natural enemies， giving them a “mismatch” problem.Snowshoe rabbits time the coat change in spring from white to brown based on the change in day length， not the temperature or the presence of snow in their habitat.Nowadays， the snow is melting a week on average before the change in day length signals the change in coat color， leaving the rabbits exposed to their natural enemies.
Some predictions put the rabbits in up to 8 weeks of a white coat in a brown， snowless habitat by the end of this century.This timeline could spell doom for their populations， as their natural enemies will have nearly 2 months of easily spotting them.
Fortunately， scientists have found areas with snowshoe rabbits in color from white to brown in the same place， meaning the timing of the coat change can be influenced by the environment.Snowshoe rabbits reproduce quickly， and if the color change timing is passed down then it is possible for rabbits to change coats accordingly.By protecting areas with variable ones， we can give snowshoe rabbits the opportunity to adapt to the changing climate.
5.Why does the author mention humans’ taking off winter coats？（ ）
A.To stress climate change is influential.
B.To imply animals should be taken care of.
C.To show bonds between man and animals.
D.To lead to the problem of snowshoe rabbits.
6.What has made scientists worry about snowshoe rabbits？（ ）
A.They fail to keep their white color.
B.They are active in freezing winter.
C.They can’t get rid of white fur when snow melts.
D.They are easily caught by hunters on snowy days.
7.What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4？（ ）
A.More rabbits will be killed.
B.Rabbits’ enemies are stronger.
C.The rabbit population will shoot.
D.The rabbits may die out in future.
8.Which of the following can best conclude the text？（ ）
A.Natural Selection. B.Importance of Colors.
C.Survival of the Fittest. D.Timing of Coat Change.
【披沙拣金】
熟词生义 A篇 content 熟义：adj.满足的，满意的 n.内容；目录 文中义：n.含量；容量 consume 熟义：v.消耗，耗费 文中义：v.（使）充满（感情或思想）
构词法 A篇 合成词： mindset n.观念模式，思维倾向 late－night adj.深夜的；午夜的
B篇 派生词： prediction n.预言；预测 ［predict预言＋－ion］ snowless adj.无雪的 ［snow雪＋－less］ variable adj.多变的；易变的 ［vary变化＋－able］
难句分析 B篇 Nowadays， the snow is melting a week on average before the change in day length signals the change in coat color， leaving the rabbits exposed to their natural enemies. 分析：句子主干为the snow is melting； before引导时间状语从句；动词－ing短语leaving the rabbits ...引导结果状语从句。 译文：如今，平均而言在日照时长的变化发出换毛信号的一周前，雪就开始融化了，这使得兔子们暴露在天敌面前。
第四讲 词义猜测题——上下取证知其意
【随堂演练】
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从运动员时期对食物的随意态度，到大学时对健康饮食的过度执着，再到毕业后逐渐找到平衡的过程。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，作为运动员，作者从不担心自己的饮食习惯，吃什么都很随意，对食物是无忧无虑的态度。
2.D 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要描述了作者因过度严格的饮食习惯导致心理压力，尽管身体很健康，但内心却充满焦虑。
3.A 词义猜测题。画线词上文提到作者开始反思，认为这种严格习惯的控制适得其反，因此画线词与Enjoyment意思相近，该句意为“我如何能转向健康饮食与偶尔享乐之间的平衡？”，也就是作者希望自己能在保持健康饮食的同时，偶尔能允许自己享受一些美食。
4.B 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者通过自己从运动员时期对食物的随意态度，到大学时对健康饮食的过度执着，再到毕业后逐渐找到平衡的过程，说明过度追求健康饮食反而会导致心理压力，最终找到平衡才是关键。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪鞋兔因气候变暖面临毛色与环境不匹配的生存问题及应对希望。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者通过人类脱冬衣的轻松，引出动物尤其是雪鞋兔面临的换毛难题，从而自然过渡到文章主题。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，科学家担忧的是雪提前融化，而雪鞋兔仍依据日照时长换毛，导致它们在无雪环境中因白色毛发易被天敌发现。
7.A 句意猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，长时间毛色与环境不匹配会使雪鞋兔被天敌捕食的风险大幅增加。因此，画线句暗示“更多兔子将被猎杀”。
8.C 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是尾段可知，文章围绕雪鞋兔因气候变暖面临毛色适应挑战，既提到其生存危机，也指出它们通过快速繁殖和适应环境可能延续种群，这体现了“适者生存”的自然法则。
8 / 9(共60张PPT)
第四讲 词义猜测题——上下取证知其意
目录
探究突破
随堂演练
探究突破
一、题型特点与设问方式
题型特点 设问方式
词句猜测类题目中需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或者句子结构等，学生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这
些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型分为词义猜测题、代词指代题和句意猜测题。 该类题型常见的设题形式有：
①What does “...” underlined in
paragraph 3 refer to/mean？
②Which is closest in meaning to “...” in paragraph 1？
③Which of the following best explains “...” underlined in paragraph 2？
④Which of the following can replace the
underlined word “...” in paragraph 2？
二、词义猜测题——活用4大核心技法
技法（一） 根据逻辑关系猜测词义
语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以推断出生
词词义。常见的逻辑关系主要有：
1. 反义关系
反义关系是指文章在对两个事物或者现象进行转折或对比性的描述
时，会使用与生词意思相反的描述，学生可根据描述内容来猜测词汇
的意思。
【典例】 （2024·全国甲卷阅读B篇节选）
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit， but cats take
this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and
bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in
all kinds of predators （食肉动物）.Cats bring gifts for their owners to
show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something
that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along
with it！
26. Which best explains the phrase “take ...up a notch” in
paragraph 3？
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
解题思路：根据转折连词but可知，画线短语所在句前后形成转折关
系。画线短语所在句上半句强调狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯闻
名；选段倒数第三句表明猫会用捡到的物品向主人表达爱意。结合语
境和上下句之间的转折关系可推测，画线处表明猫的取物能力更强。
正确答案： D
2. 同义关系
画线词或者短语所在句子的前后，有时会出现与之同义或是近义的词
语，它通常暗示了画线词汇的含义，成为推测词义的线索。
【典例】 （2023·1月浙江卷阅读C篇节选）
Brilliant though it is， Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes
sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings
them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.
Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out， yet they also point to a
fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond， professor of electrical
engineering and computer science at Northwestern University， put it：
“There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking
about.”
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to？
A. Arguments. B. Doubts.
C. Errors. D. Differences.
解题思路：根据画线词所在句的前一句可知，尽管“辩论者计划”非
常出色，但它也有一些弱点，这可能导致人类不会犯的错误。下文提
到这些 无疑会被解决，但它们也指出了一个根本问题。根据前
面的Such可判断，wrinkles与上文中的errors为同义词。
正确答案： C
3. 因果关系
若画线词所在句与另一个句子之间存在因果关系，学生可通过明晰因
与果来推断画线词的意思。
【典例】 （浙江卷阅读C篇节选）
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the
chimps have little to communicate， or we are still missing a lot of the
information contained in their gestures and actions，”she
said.“Moreover， the meanings seem to not go beyond what other
animals convey with non-verbal communication.So， it seems the gulf
remains.”
29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean？
A. Difference. B. Conflict.
C. Balance. D. Connection.
解题思路：句中出现了So一词，表示因果关系，由此可知前面的内容
是学生需重点阅读的部分。根据节选段内容可知，手势含义的模糊性
表明，黑猩猩几乎没有什么可交流的，或者我们仍然错过了它们手势
和动作中包含的许多信息，此外，这些含义似乎并没有超出其它动物
通过非语言交流传达的信息。由此可推知，黑猩猩用手势交流的方式
与我们用语言交流的方式是不同的。因此So之后有“看上去差异依然
存在”之意，故gulf表示“差异，不同”。
正确答案： A
技法（二） 根据语法关系猜测词义
定语从句、同位语/同位语从句、下定义和标点符号等皆是文章中
常见的一些语法结构或行文方式，这些都可以帮助我们猜测词义。
技法图解
典例精析
【典例】 （浙江卷阅读B篇节选）
In the past few years， an increasing number of people and
organizations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend.A
couple of years ago， film-maker David Bond realized that his children，
then aged five and three， were attached to screens to the point where he
was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response.He realized that something needed to change， and，
being a London media type， appointed himself “marketing director for
Nature”.He documented his journey as he set about treating nature a
brand to be marketed to young people.The result was Project Wild
Thing， a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network， a group of
organizations with the common goal of petting children out into nature.
26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in
paragraph 2？
A. records B. predicts
C. delays D. confirms
解题思路：画线词所在的句子是一个定语从句，所修饰的先行词a
film又作Project Wild Thing的同位语，对其起到解释说明的作用。分析
画线词前面的句子，再结合画线词后面的the birth of the Wild Network
可知，他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生。charts应表示“记录”，
与records意思一致。
正确答案： A
技法（三） 根据构词法猜测词义
构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合
语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率
和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，
再结合语境解题。构词法主要有派生、合成和转化三种形式。
技法图解
典例精析
【典例】 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读C篇节选）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism，
including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works， and
then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for
you.
To do so， I divided the book into two parts. In part one， I describe
the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism， starting with an
examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives
increasingly intolerable， before moving on to a detailed discussion of the
digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting
this philosophy：the digital declutter. This process requires you to step
away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty
days， you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online
activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you
value.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on.
C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
解题思路：画线词declutter为派生词，含有前缀de-，前缀de-来自拉丁
语，意为“away from”，这个前缀有“除去”“取消”“离开”以
及“否定”“非”等意思。词根clutter 用作动词，意为“凌乱地塞
满；乱堆放”；用作名词，意为“杂乱的东西；杂乱”。根据“所猜
词意思＝词根意思＋前缀意思”可知，“去除杂乱的东西；使不再凌
乱”即“清理”。再根据上下文进行词义验证：画线词下句中的This
process指代the digital declutter。该句提到这个过程要求读者在30天内
远离可选择的网络活动。由此可推知，作者应是建议读者进行网络活
动的清理。因此declutter意为“清理”。
正确答案： A
技法（四） 根据上下文语境猜测词义
上下文语境是猜测词义的重要依据之一。解题时，学生需要全面
考虑词汇所要表达的含义。
技法图解
典例精析
【典例】 （2025·全国一卷阅读B篇节选）
As a new unit started， I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece
on a health-related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise
much more interesting.For the next two assignments， a personal-
narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop， I only required
that the piece meet the specifications of its genre （体裁） and that it
contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse
topics and turned in stories， 10 to 20 pages each， with characters that
broadened my view and touched my heart.
26. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean？
A. Mixed. B. Amazing.
C. Similar. D. Disturbing.
解题思路：根据画线词下一句可知，这次学生们选择了多元主题，交
上来的故事每篇10到20页，角色既拓宽了“我”的视野，又触动了
“我”的内心。由此可推知，这次学生的写作成果是“令人惊叹
的”。
正确答案： B
三、代词指代题——“就近原则”判指代
阅读理解语篇中的代词it，that等都可以用以代表文中提到的人、
物或某件事。对于有明显指代词的词义猜测题，我们可以借助指代关
系，准确理解句子意思，从而快速推测画线词的含义。需要注意的
是，有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提
到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的内容。
技法图解
典例精析
【典例】 （2025·全国二卷阅读B篇节选）
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho’s class.She
generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being
used at their home schools.Some teachers don’t give the kids any
assignments； they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a
disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don’t
care about their schoolwork.”
26. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4？
A. Offering regular lessons.
B. Paying extra attention.
C. Assigning no schoolwork.
D. Showing no sympathy.
解题思路：根据画线词所在句的上一句和下一句可知，一些老师不给
生病的孩子们布置作业，更多的是表示同情，而孩子们则认为老师这
样做是不关心他们的学业，前后对比说明不布置作业反而对他们来说
是一种伤害，it指代前面提到的 Some teachers don’t give the kids any
assignments。
正确答案： C
四、句意猜测题——“意义吻合”定句意
句意猜测题通常需要学生猜测一个具有概括性的句子的意思，要
求学生通过分析上下文语境，理解句子表达的含义。学生可以在原文
中找到该句，进行语法和逻辑关系分析，首先要理解句子前后的语
境，然后将句子的意思与语境相结合进行推断，做出选择。
技法图解
典例精析
【典例】 （浙江卷阅读B篇节选）
Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every
day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month， a board went up
with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can， Take What You Need.”
24. What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in
paragraph 1 mean？
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
解题思路：定位原文画线句，找到下文的关键信息句Give What You
Can，Take What You Need.（给出你所能给的，拿走你所需要的），
由此可知，如果你有能力，就捐钱；如果你需要钱，就可以拿走钞
票，没有任何条件，给和拿都是自愿的。
正确答案： C
随堂演练
A
（2025·威海模拟）Growing up， my identity was bound together
with being an athlete.I rarely missed any practice or training.Being so
active， I never worried about what I ate — pizza， donuts， pasta —
whatever was in front of me.
When I went to college， however， my mindset towards food
sharply changed.No longer a student athlete， I began to learn about
wellness.In a lecture， our professor took a cup of Sprite and showed its
sugar content by comparing it to a cup of pure sugar.I was stunned.For the
first time， I realized my eating habits needed to change.
Immediately， I cut out nearly all sugar from my diet.I refused cake
at parties and skipped late-night pizza with friends.
Though these habits were good for my physical health， slowly，
they began to weigh on my mental health.What started as restricting
sweets turned into weighing myself multiple times a day and obsessively
（过度地） tracking calories.Despite being at a healthy weight， I was
consumed by thoughts of food： What did I eat that day？ How much do I
need to work out to burn it off？ On the outside， I was physically fit，
but on the inside， I was anxious about maintaining this state of perfection
with food.
It wasn’t until I graduated that I began to critically reflect on my
obsession with food.I realized the sense of control my strict habits brought
me was actually doing the opposite： In placing so much emphasis on
food， I felt out of control.How could I shift to a balance of healthy eating
with the occasional indulgence？
Slowly， I learned that the world would not end if I eat some ice
cream or drink a glass of Sprite.At my core， I believe letting myself
enjoy small pleasures is what makes me feel more human and alive.For
me， this balance is crucial to living a fulfilling， satisfying life.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从运动员时期
对食物的随意态度，到大学时对健康饮食的过度执着，再到毕业后
逐渐找到平衡的过程。
1. What was the author’s attitude to food as an athlete？（ ）
A. Adventurous. B. Balanced.
C. Carefree. D. Guilty.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，作为运动员，
作者从不担心自己的饮食习惯，吃什么都很随意，对食物是无忧无虑
的态度。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从运动员时期
对食物的随意态度，到大学时对健康饮食的过度执着，再到毕业后
逐渐找到平衡的过程。
√
2. What is the focus of paragraph 4？（ ）
A. My efforts at tracking calorie intake.
B. My method of staying physically fit.
C. My social isolation caused by dieting.
D. My mental burden behind healthy eating.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，本段主要描述了作者
因过度严格的饮食习惯导致心理压力，尽管身体很健康，但内心却充
满焦虑。
√
3. Which word can best replace the underlined word “indulgence” in
paragraph 5？（ ）
A. Enjoyment. B. Self-control.
C. Workouts. D. Medical check-ups.
解析： 词义猜测题。画线词上文提到作者开始反思，认为这种严
格习惯的控制适得其反，因此画线词与Enjoyment意思相近，该句意
为“我如何能转向健康饮食与偶尔享乐之间的平衡？”，也就是作者
希望自己能在保持健康饮食的同时，偶尔能允许自己享受一些美食。
√
4. What message is conveyed in the passage？（ ）
A. You are what you eat.
B. Obsession can backfire.
C. Health ensures happiness.
D. Perfection brings success.
解析： 推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，作者通过自己从运动员
时期对食物的随意态度，到大学时对健康饮食的过度执着，再到毕业
后逐渐找到平衡的过程，说明过度追求健康饮食反而会导致心理压
力，最终找到平衡才是关键。
√
B
（2025·重庆调研抽测）What do you do as spring sets in？ Taking
off your warm winter coat， and putting it away？ For humans， taking
off winter coats is a one-minute task.As it turns out， not all animals are
so capable.
Snowshoe rabbits live in the mountain ranges of North America， and
have a pure white coat during the winter time to match the snowy
surroundings and to help avoid being caught.And they take off winter
coats for a darker brown fur color to match the dirt and leaves after the
snow melts in the spring.Sounds like a great way to escape from their
natural enemies， right？ However， concern begins when scientists
begin looking at how the warming climate will impact the rabbits.
There are more and more white rabbits in the middle of a brown
habitat， where the snow has already melted away.This is a problem for
them， as they are more easily seen by their natural enemies， giving
them a “mismatch” problem.Snowshoe rabbits time the coat change in
spring from white to brown based on the change in day length， not the
temperature or the presence of snow in their habitat.Nowadays， the snow
is melting a week on average before the change in day length signals the
change in coat color， leaving the rabbits exposed to their natural
enemies.
Some predictions put the rabbits in up to 8 weeks of a white coat in a
brown， snowless habitat by the end of this century.This timeline could
spell doom for their populations， as their natural enemies will have nearly
2 months of easily spotting them.
Fortunately， scientists have found areas with snowshoe rabbits in
color from white to brown in the same place， meaning the timing of the
coat change can be influenced by the environment.Snowshoe rabbits
reproduce quickly， and if the color change timing is passed down then it
is possible for rabbits to change coats accordingly.By protecting areas
with variable ones， we can give snowshoe rabbits the opportunity to
adapt to the changing climate.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪鞋兔因气候变暖
面临毛色与环境不匹配的生存问题及应对希望。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了雪鞋兔因气候变暖
面临毛色与环境不匹配的生存问题及应对希望。
5. Why does the author mention humans’ taking off winter coats？
（ ）
A. To stress climate change is influential.
B. To imply animals should be taken care of.
C. To show bonds between man and animals.
D. To lead to the problem of snowshoe rabbits.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者通过人类
脱冬衣的轻松，引出动物尤其是雪鞋兔面临的换毛难题，从而自然过
渡到文章主题。
√
6. What has made scientists worry about snowshoe rabbits？（ ）
A. They fail to keep their white color.
B. They are active in freezing winter.
C. They can’t get rid of white fur when snow melts.
D. They are easily caught by hunters on snowy days.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，科学家担忧的是
雪提前融化，而雪鞋兔仍依据日照时长换毛，导致它们在无雪环境中
因白色毛发易被天敌发现。
√
7. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in paragraph 4？
（ ）
A. More rabbits will be killed.
B. Rabbits’ enemies are stronger.
C. The rabbit population will shoot.
D. The rabbits may die out in future.
解析： 句意猜测题。根据第四段内容可知，长时间毛色与环境不
匹配会使雪鞋兔被天敌捕食的风险大幅增加。因此，画线句暗示“更
多兔子将被猎杀”。
√
8. Which of the following can best conclude the text？（ ）
A. Natural Selection.
B. Importance of Colors.
C. Survival of the Fittest.
D. Timing of Coat Change.
解析： 主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是尾段可知，文章围绕雪鞋
兔因气候变暖面临毛色适应挑战，既提到其生存危机，也指出它
们通过快速繁殖和适应环境可能延续种群，这体现了“适者生
存”的自然法则。
√
【披沙拣金】
熟词
生义 A
篇 content 熟义：adj.满足的，满意的 n.内容；目录 文中
义：n.含量；容量
consume 熟义：v.消耗，耗费 文中义：v.（使）充满（感情或思想）
构
词
法 A
篇 合成词：
mindset n.观念模式，思维倾向 late-night adj.深夜的；
午夜的
B
篇 派生词：
prediction n.预言；预测 [predict预言＋-ion]
snowless adj.无雪的 [snow雪＋-less]
variable adj.多变的；易变的 [vary变化＋-able]
难句
分析 B
篇 Nowadays， the snow is melting a week on average before the change in day length signals the change in coat color， leaving the rabbits exposed to their natural enemies.
分析：句子主干为the snow is melting； before引导时间状语从句；动词-ing短语leaving the rabbits ...引导结果状语从句。
译文：如今，平均而言在日照时长的变化发出换毛信号的一周前，雪就开始融化了，这使得兔子们暴露在天敌面前。
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看
