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Unit 1 We're friends(知识清单)英语译林版 四年级下册
单元速记
重点词汇
类别 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 记忆方法
名词 friendship / frend p/ n. 友谊 加法记忆法:friend(朋友)+ ship(船)= friendship;关联词:friendly(友好的)
forest / f r st/ n. 森林 联想记忆法:关联词 park(公园)、zoo(动物园)、woods(小树林)
back /b k/ n. 背部 串联记忆法:衍生词 backache(背痛);形近词:black(黑色);关联词:body(身体)
net /net/ n. 网 变换字母记忆法:let(让)→ net;形近词:not(不)、get(得到)
hole /h l/ n. 洞 形近词:hold(拿;抓住)、role(角色);短语:dig a hole(挖一个洞)
party / pɑ ti/ n. 聚会,联欢会 加法记忆法:part(部分)+ y = party;复数:parties;短语:birthday party(生日派对)
动词 become /b k m/ v. 变成,变为 加法记忆法:be + come = become;短语:become friends(成为朋友)
形容词 weak /wi k/ adj. 虚弱的,无力的 对比记忆法:反义词 strong(强壮的);同音词:week(星期);形近词:wear(穿)
strong /str / adj. 强壮的 形近词:wrong(错误的);谱系记忆法:ong 家族(strong、song、long);短语:big and strong(高大强壮)
angry / ɡri/ adj. 发怒的,生气的 归纳记忆法:情绪类形容词(angry、happy、worried、surprised);副词:angrily
thin /θ n/ adj. 瘦的 反义词:fat(胖的);比较级:thinner;多义:稀薄的、稀少的;短语:tall and thin(又高又瘦)
sad /s d/ adj. 悲哀的,难过的 变换字母记忆法:bad(坏的)→ sad;衍生词:sadness(悲伤);反义词:happy(开心的)
kind /ka nd/ adj. 友好的,体贴的 变换字母记忆法:find(找到)→ kind;衍生词:kindness(善良);近义词:friendly
代词 them / m/ pron. 它们,他们,她们 主格:they;形容词性物主代词:their;名词性物主代词:theirs
其他 there are —— —— 有(后接可数名词复数) 单数形式:there is;核心用法:就近原则
there is —— —— 有(后接可数名词单数/不可数名词) 拓展:与 have 区别(存在有 vs 拥有)
just like —— —— 就像 关联词:look like(看起来像);例句:The cloud looks just like a sheep(那朵云像绵羊)
one day —— —— (过去)某一天;有朝一日 关联词:some day(将来某天);例句:One day we will visit the moon(有朝一日我们会去月球)
重点短语
短语 中文释义 例句
so many carrots 这么多胡萝卜 There are so many carrots in the garden.(花园里有很多胡萝卜)
a strong lion 一头强壮的狮子 The elephant is as big as a strong lion.(大象和强壮的狮子一样大)
a weak mouse 一只弱小的老鼠 A weak mouse can help a strong lion.(弱小的老鼠能帮强壮的狮子)
become good friends 成为好朋友 The two girls become good friends at school.(两个女孩在学校成为好朋友)
have a fruit party 举办一场水果派对 We will have a fruit party this weekend.(这周末我们要办水果派对)
share...with... 和……分享…… I share my snacks with my deskmate every day.(我每天和同桌分享零食)
in the forest 在森林里 There are many animals living in the forest.(森林里住着很多动物)
make a hole 咬个洞/挖个洞 The mouse can make a hole in the net.(老鼠能在网上咬个洞)
on one's back 在某人背上 The little boy rides on his father's back.(小男孩骑在爸爸背上)
a lot of / lots of 许多(后接可数名词复数/不可数名词) There is a lot of water in the lake.(湖里有很多水)
just like our friendship 就像我们的友谊一样 Our teamwork is just like our friendship—strong and warm.(我们的团队合作就像友谊一样,坚固又温暖)
Thank you for... 感谢你…… Thank you for helping me with my homework.(谢谢你帮我辅导作业)
典型句型
句型结构 中文含义 教材例句 拓展例句
There are + 可数名词复数 (+ 地点状语). (某地)有某物 There are so many carrots.(有这么多胡萝卜) There are three desks in the classroom.(教室里有三张桌子)
There is + 可数名词单数/不可数名词 (+ 地点状语). (某地)有某物 There is a kite in the sky.(天空中有一只风筝) There is some milk in the glass.(杯子里有一些牛奶)
I want to share + 名词 + with sb. 我想和某人分享某物 I want to share them with my friends.(我想和朋友们分享它们) She wants to share her storybook with Lucy.(她想和露西分享她的故事书)
主语 + be 动词 + 形容词. 描述某人/某物的特征 The lion is big and strong.(狮子高大强壮) The girl is kind and helpful.(这个女孩善良又乐于助人)
Why + be 动词 + 主语 + 其他? 询问原因(答语用 Because...) Why are you on my back, little mouse (小老鼠,你为什么在我背上?) Why are you late for class (你为什么上课迟到了?)
How can + 主语 + help sb. 询问某人如何帮助他人 How can you help me (你能怎样帮我?) How can we help the old man (我们能怎样帮助这位老人?)
It's time for + 名词. / It's time to do sth. 该做……的时候了 It's time for the fruit party.(该开水果派对了) It's time to go to bed.(该睡觉了)
语言目标
目标序号 具体内容
1 能熟练运用 there be 句型(There is/are...)描述(某地)有某物,掌握“就近原则”
2 能运用 I want to share...with... 句型表达“想要和某人分享某物”
3 能使用“主语 + be 动词 + 形容词”句型描述人或事物的特征
4 能运用 why 询问原因、how 询问帮助方式,并做出相应回答
5 掌握字母 i 在单词中发 /a / 的发音规则,能识别并朗读相关单词
6 能围绕“朋友能为彼此做什么”“与朋友共度的快乐一天”进行简单对话和写作
7 理解友谊的内涵,懂得分享、互助、尊重的重要性
02 考点速记
考点1 there be 句型的用法
【详解】there be 句型表示“(某地)有某物”,核心规则是“就近原则”——be 动词的单复数由离它最近的名词决定。
肯定式:There is + 可数名词单数/不可数名词;There are + 可数名词复数
否定式:There is not(isn’t)+ ...;There are not(aren’t)+ ...
一般疑问句:Is there + ... (肯定回答:Yes, there is. 否定回答:No, there isn’t.);Are there + ... (肯定回答:Yes, there are. 否定回答:No, there aren’t.)
【拓展】there be 与 have 的区别:there be 表“存在有”,强调某地有某物;have 表“拥有”,强调某人/某物拥有某物(例:She has a dog. 她有一只狗;There is a dog in her house. 她家里有一只狗)。
【典例】
There ____________ (be) an apple on the desk.(用 be 动词的适当形式填空)
There ____________ (be) some coats and a hat in the box.(用 be 动词的适当形式填空)
There ____________ (not be) any water in the bottle.(用 be 动词的适当形式填空,改为否定句)
____________ there ____________ (be) a park near your home (改为一般疑问句)
There is some bread on the plate.(改为否定句和一般疑问句)
考点2 share 的用法
【详解】share 作动词,意为“分享”,核心句型:
I want to share + 名词 + with sb.(我想和某人分享某物)
share sth. with sb.(通用句型,和某人分享某物)
【拓展】with 的多重含义:① 和……一起(play with sb. 和某人玩);② 用……工具(write with a pen 用钢笔写);③ 带有……特征(a girl with long hair 长头发的女孩)。
【典例】
Mary wants to ____________ (share/sharing) her snacks with me.(选词填空)
I want to share my storybook with Lucy.(对画线部分提问)
We should share happiness ____________ our friends.(单项选择)
A. for B. with C. to
My brother often ____________ (share) his books with his classmates.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
They share ____________ (they) toys with each other.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
考点3 形容词的用法(描述人/物特征)
【详解】形容词用于描述人或事物的性质、特征,常见用法:
作表语:放在 be 动词(is/are)、感官动词(look/feel/sound 等)后(例:The fruit tastes sweet. 水果尝起来很甜);
作定语:放在名词前,修饰名词(例:a kind teacher 一位友好的老师)。
【拓展】本单元核心形容词反义词:strong weak、big small、fat thin、happy sad、kind unfriendly。
【典例】
根据中文提示补全句子:The elephant is ____________ (又大又强壮).
The bear is ____________, but the mouse is weak.(单项选择)
A. small B. strong C. thin
Look! The apples are ____________.(单项选择)
A. big and fat B. big and small C. big and red
The girl is a kind.(找出错误并改正)
The little boy looks ____________ (sad/happy) because he got a gift.(选词填空)
考点4 疑问词 why 和 how 的用法
(1)疑问词 why(询问原因)
【详解】why 意为“为什么”,用于询问事情的原因,答语必须用 “Because + 具体原因”(可省略 Because)。
句型:Why + be 动词 + 主语 + 其他?
(2)疑问词 how(询问方式/方法)
【详解】how 意为“怎么样”,本单元重点询问“帮助方式”,答语需说明具体方法;此外还可询问健康状况(How are you )、出行方式(How do you go to school )、数量(How many... )等。
句型:How can + 主语 + help sb.
【典例】
He is sad because he lost his bag.(对画线部分提问)
—____________ can we help the old man —We can carry his bags.(单项选择)
A. Why B. How C. What
—Why are you late —____________ I missed the bus.(补全对话)
—Why ____________ she angry —Because Tom broke her pen.(用 be 动词的适当形式填空)
—How can you ____________ (help) your friend with his English —I can teach him new words.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
考点5 want 的用法
【详解】want 意为“想要”,后接名词或动词不定式(to + 动词原形),与 would like 用法类似(would like to do sth. 想要做某事)。
核心结构:① want + 名词(want a book 想要一本书);② want to + 动词原形(want to go 想要去)。
【典例】
Lily wants ____________ (make) some pies for the food festival.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
My mother would like ____________ (cook) fish for dinner.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
—What do you want ____________ (do) this weekend —I want to visit my grandma.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
He wants a new bike.(改为一般疑问句)
Do you want to share your toys with me (作肯定回答和否定回答)
考点6 语音:字母 i 在单词中发 /a / 音
【详解】字母 i 发 /a / 时,发音要领:由元音 /a:/ 向元音 / / 滑动,舌位逐渐抬高,口型慢慢收小,发音过程平滑连贯(类似中文“爱”的发音)。
本单元核心例词:like(喜欢;像)、bike(自行车)、ride(骑)、kind(友好的)、side(一边)、five(五)、rice(米饭)。
【典例】
找出画线部分发音不同的一项( )
A. like B. big C. kite D. rice
写出三个字母 i 发 /a / 音的新单词:_________、_________、____________
朗读句子,标出含 /a / 音的单词:I like riding my bike with my kind friend.
判断下列单词中字母 i 的发音是否相同(相同写 S,不同写 D):
① bike 和 pig( ) ② side 和 kind( )
根据发音规则,补全单词:r__de(骑)、l__ke(喜欢)
03 素养提升
文化拓展
中华典故
忘年之交:东汉孔融(40岁)与祢衡(未满20岁)一见如故,忽略年龄差距成为挚友,后用来形容不分辈分的深厚友谊。
投桃报李:出自《诗经·大雅·抑》“投我以桃,报之以李”,指他人给予帮助或赠予时,应予以相应回报,体现友谊的互惠互敬。
英文谚语
A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情)
Friendship is like a tree; it grows stronger with care.(友谊如树,悉心呵护则愈发坚固)
科普小知识:草原之王——狮子
狮子是体型巨大的猫科动物,雄狮体重可达250公斤,头颈环绕金黄至黑棕的浓密鬃毛(既显威严又能保护颈部);母狮体型稍小、无鬃毛,但肌肉强健。它们是唯一高度群居的猫科动物,组成“狮群”(核心为母狮,负责团队协作捕猎;1-3只雄狮负责巡视保卫领地,靠咆哮和气味标记宣示主权),以角马、斑马等大型有蹄动物为食。在文化中,狮子是勇气、力量与王权的象征。
学习方法小贴士
单词记忆:利用“加法记忆法”(如 friend + ship = friendship)、“对比记忆法”(如 strong vs weak)、“联想记忆法”(如 forest 联想公园、动物园),结合例句加深理解。
句型运用:用 there be 句型描述身边场景(如教室、卧室的物品),用 share 句型模拟与朋友分享的对话,强化实战运用。
语音练习:跟读教材中字母 i 发 /a / 的单词和小诗,录制自己的发音并对比标准读音,纠正口型和语调。
04 过关练习
一、单词拼写(每小题2分,共10分)
根据句意及首字母或中文提示,补全单词。
F_________ is very important for everyone.(友谊)
The lion is big and s_________. It can run very fast.
Don’t be a_________ when your friend makes a mistake.
The little mouse is weak, but it is very k_________ to help the lion.
There are many animals living in the f_________.
二、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分)
There _________ some bread and two eggs on the plate.( )
A. is B. are C. am
My sister wants _________ share her toys with her classmates.( )
A. / B. to C. for
—_________ are you sad —Because I can’t find my friend.( )
A. What B. How C. Why
The girl _________ long hair is my good friend. She often helps me.( )
A. with B. in C. on
We should help _________ when they are in trouble.( )
A. other B. each other C. another
There _________ no water in the bottle. Can you get some for me ( )
A. is B. are C. have
—How can you help me —I can _________ a hole in the net.( )
A. making B. make C. to make
The fruit is so sweet. It’s just like our _________.( )
A. friendship B. party C. forest
—Do you often share food with your friends —_________( )
A. Yes, I am. B. No, I don’t. C. Yes, I can.
One day, the mouse _________ onto the lion’s back. The lion didn’t eat it.( )
A. climb B. climbs C. climbed
三、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分)
There are some carrots in the fridge.(改为否定句)
________________________________________________________________________
I want to share my storybook with Lucy.(对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________________________
The lion is big and strong.(对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________________________
He is sad because he lost his bag.(对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________________________
There is a kite in the sky.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
________________________________________________________________________
四、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分)
One day, Ruby grows many carrots. She is very happy and wants to 1. _________ them with her friends. Her friends are very glad to get the carrots. They say, “Thank you, Ruby! We want to share our fruit with you.” Then they have a fruit 2. _________. The fruit is so sweet, just like their friendship.
In the forest, there is a strong lion and a weak mouse. One day, the mouse climbs onto the lion’s 3. _________. The lion is angry, but he lets the mouse go. Some days later, the lion is in a 4. _________. He is sad and shouts for help. The mouse hears him and runs to help. She 5. _________ a hole in the net. The lion gets out. He says, “Thank you! You are small, but you are helpful. Now we are good friends.”
A. share B. give C. take
A. class B. party C. lesson
A. head B. back C. leg
A. forest B. net C. hole
A. makes B. make C. making
五、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
Ruby has many good friends. She likes to share things with them. One day, she grows a lot of carrots. She picks the carrots and gives them to her friends. Her friends are very happy. They bring their favorite fruit to Ruby. They have a fruit party together. They eat fruit, sing songs and play games. They feel very happy.
Ruby says, “Sharing with friends makes me happy.” Her friends say, “Friendship is like the sweet fruit. We should care for it together.”
根据短文内容,选择正确的答案。
What does Ruby grow ( )
A. Fruit. B. Carrots. C. Flowers.
What do Ruby’s friends bring to her ( )
A. Carrots. B. Toys. C. Fruit.
What do they do at the party ( )
A. Eat fruit, sing and play. B. Pick carrots, sing and dance. C. Cook food, play and talk.
What does Ruby think of sharing ( )
A. It’s boring. B. It makes her happy. C. It’s difficult.
What is friendship like in the passage ( )
A. Sweet fruit. B. A big carrot. C. A beautiful song.
六、书面表达(共20分)
请以“My Happy Day with Friends”为题,写一篇短文,描述你和朋友共度的快乐一天。
要求:
运用 there be 句型描述场景;
运用 share 相关句型表达分享的过程;
不少于5句话,语句通顺,语法正确。
答案与解析
考点典例答案与解析
考点1 there be 句型的用法
is
解析:an apple 是可数名词单数,there be 后接可数名词单数用 is。
are
解析:there be 遵循“就近原则”,离 be 动词最近的 some coats 是可数名词复数,故用 are。
isn’t
解析:water 是不可数名词,there is 的否定式为 there isn’t,any 用于否定句中代替 some。
Is; there
解析:there is 的一般疑问句将 is 提前,句首首字母大写,后接 there,any 用于疑问句中。
否定句:There isn’t any bread on the plate.
一般疑问句:Is there any bread on the plate
解析:some 用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中改为 any;there is 的否定式为 isn’t,一般疑问句将 is 提前。
考点2 share 的用法
share
解析:want 后接动词不定式(to + 动词原形),故填 share。
Who/Whom do you want to share your storybook with
解析:画线部分 Lucy 是人,用 who/whom 提问;share sth. with sb. 中 with 不可省略,疑问句中需保留。
B
解析:固定搭配 share sth. with sb. 表示“和某人分享某物”,故选 B。
shares
解析:主语 my brother 是第三人称单数,一般现在时中动词 share 需加 s。
their
解析:修饰名词 toys 需用形容词性物主代词,they 的形容词性物主代词是 their。
考点3 形容词的用法
big and strong
解析:“又大又强壮”用形容词并列结构“big and strong”,形容词之间用 and 连接。
B
解析:根据转折词 but 和 weak(虚弱的),可知空格处需填 weak 的反义词 strong(强壮的),故选 B。
C
解析:A 选项 big and fat(又大又胖)不形容苹果;B 选项 big and small(又大又小)矛盾;C 选项 big and red(又大又红)符合苹果的特征,故选 C。
错误:a kind → 改正:kind
解析:kind 是形容词,单独作表语时不加 a;若修饰名词,可加 a(如 a kind girl)。
happy
解析:根据“he got a gift”(他得到了礼物),可知应填 happy(开心的),sad(难过的)不符合语境。
考点4 疑问词 why 和 how 的用法
Why is he sad
解析:画线部分是原因,用 why 提问;主语 he 是单数,be 动词用 is,疑问句中将 is 提前。
B
解析:答语是帮助的具体方式,用 how 提问“如何帮助”,故选 B。
Because
解析:why 引导的问句需用 because 回答,故填 Because。
is
解析:主语 she 是第三人称单数,be 动词用 is。
help
解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,故填 help。
考点5 want 的用法
to make
解析:want 后接动词不定式(to + 动词原形),故填 to make。
to cook
解析:would like 后接动词不定式(to + 动词原形),与 want 用法一致,故填 to cook。
to do
解析:want 后接动词不定式(to + 动词原形),故填 to do。
Does he want a new bike
解析:主语 he 是第三人称单数,一般现在时的一般疑问句需加助动词 does,want 用原形。
肯定回答:Yes, I do.
否定回答:No, I don’t.
解析:以 Do you 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用 Yes, I do.,否定回答用 No, I don’t.。
考点6 语音:字母 i 在单词中发 /a / 音
B
解析:A 选项 like /la k/、C 选项 kite /ka t/、D 选项 rice /ra s/ 中 i 发 /a /,B 选项 big /b ɡ/ 中 i 发 / /,故选 B。
示例:five、rice、bike
解析:符合字母 i 发 /a / 音的单词均可(答案不唯一)。
含 /a / 音的单词:I、like、riding、bike、kind
解析:这些单词中字母 i 均发 /a / 音。
① D ② S
解析:① bike /ba k/(i 发 /a /),pig /p ɡ/(i 发 / /),发音不同;② side /sa d/、kind /ka nd/(i 均发 /a /),发音相同。
ride、like
解析:根据发音规则,i 发 /a / 时,补全后单词为 ride(骑)、like(喜欢)。
过关练习答案与解析
一、单词拼写
Friendship
解析:根据中文提示“友谊”,结合单元重点词汇,可知填 friendship。
strong
解析:由句意“狮子又大又_________,它能跑得很快”及单元核心形容词,可知填 strong(强壮的)。
angry
解析:由句意“当你的朋友犯错时,不要_________”及单元词汇,可知填 angry(生气的)。
kind
解析:由句意“这只小老鼠很弱小,但它很_________,帮助了狮子”及单元形容词,可知填 kind(友好的)。
forest
解析:由句意“有许多动物生活在_________里”及单元名词,可知填 forest(森林)。
二、单项选择
A
解析:there be 遵循“就近原则”,离 be 动词最近的 some bread 是不可数名词,故用 is。
B
解析:固定搭配 want to do sth.(想要做某事),故填 to。
C
解析:由答语 Because... 可知,问句询问原因,用 why 提问。
A
解析:with 表示“带有”,the girl with long hair 意为“长头发的女孩”,符合语境。
B
解析:each other 意为“互相”,句意为“当别人遇到困难时,我们应该互相帮助”,符合单元主题。
A
解析:water 是不可数名词,there be 用 is,否定式为 isn’t。
B
解析:情态动词 can 后接动词原形,故填 make。
A
解析:由句意“这水果真甜,就像我们的_________”及单元核心词汇,可知填 friendship(友谊)。
B
解析:以 Do you 开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答为 Yes, I do.,否定回答为 No, I don’t.。
C
解析:由后一句 didn’t 可知,时态为一般过去时,climb 的过去式为 climbed。
三、句型转换
There aren’t any carrots in the fridge.
解析:there are 的否定式为 aren’t,some 用于肯定句,否定句中改为 any。
Who/Whom do you want to share your storybook with
解析:画线部分 Lucy 是人,用 who/whom 提问;share sth. with sb. 中 with 不可省略,疑问句中需保留。
What is the lion like
解析:对人或事物的特征提问,用固定句型 What is...like 。
Why is he sad
解析:对原因提问用 why,be 动词 is 提前,其余部分不变。
—Is there a kite in the sky —Yes, there is.
解析:there is 的一般疑问句将 is 提前,肯定回答为 Yes, there is.。
四、完形填空
A
解析:由单元核心句型 share sth. with sb. 及句意“她很高兴,想和朋友们分享它们”,可知填 share。
B
解析:由前文“share our fruit”及单元短语 have a fruit party(举办水果派对),可知填 party。
B
解析:根据单元故事内容“老鼠爬上狮子的背”,可知填 back(背部)。
B
解析:由后文“a hole in the net”,可知狮子被困在网里(net),故选 B。
A
解析:主语 she 是第三人称单数,一般现在时中动词 make 需加 s,故填 makes。
五、阅读理解
B
解析:根据短文第一句“Ruby grows many carrots.”,可知 Ruby 种的是胡萝卜。
C
解析:根据短文第三句“They bring their favorite fruit to Ruby.”,可知朋友们带来了水果。
A
解析:根据短文第四句“They eat fruit, sing songs and play games.”,可知他们在派对上吃水果、唱歌、玩游戏。
B
解析:根据短文第五句“Ruby says, ‘Sharing with friends makes me happy.’”,可知 Ruby 认为分享让她开心。
A
解析:根据短文最后一句“Friendship is like the sweet fruit.”,可知友谊像甜美的水果。
六、书面表达(参考范文)
My Happy Day with Friends
Last Sunday, I went to the park with my good friends. There are many trees and flowers in the park. There is a big lake too. We brought a lot of food and fruit. I shared my sandwiches with Lily, and she shared her apples with me. Tom shared his toys with all of us. We played games, sang songs and talked happily. It was a happy day. I love spending time with my friends.
解析:
运用 there be 句型(There are many trees... / There is a big lake too.)描述公园场景,符合要求;
运用 share 句型(I shared my sandwiches with Lily... / Tom shared his toys with all of us.)表达分享过程,紧扣单元重点;
语句通顺,语法正确,满足不少于5句话的要求,突出“快乐”主题,符合单元语言目标。