/ 让教学更有效 高效备课
Unit 2 Helping others at school(知识清单)
英语译林版 四年级下册
01 单元速记
重点词汇
类别 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 记忆方法
名词 room /ru:m/ n. 房间 联想记忆法:bedroom(卧室)、classroom(教室)、living room(客厅);短语:art room(美术教室)
computer /k m pju:t (r)/ n. 计算机,电脑 联想记忆法:mouse(鼠标)、keyboard(键盘)、screen(屏幕);短语:computer room(电脑教室)
swing /sw / n. 秋千 加法记忆法:s + wing(翅膀)= swing;形近词:swim(游泳);短语:play on the swing(荡秋千)
playground / ple ɡra nd/ n. 游戏场 加法记忆法:play(玩)+ ground(地面)= playground;易混辨析:sports ground(运动场,侧重体育比赛)
floor /fl :(r)/ n. 楼层;地板 谱系记忆法:oor家族(floor、poor、door);短语:on the first floor(在一楼)、sweep the floor(扫地)
piano /pi n / n. 钢琴 归纳记忆法:同类乐器(guitar吉他、violin小提琴);短语:play the piano(弹钢琴)、have a piano lesson(上钢琴课)
动词 feel /fi:l/ v. 觉得,感到 联想记忆法:感官动词家族(look看起来、sound听起来、smell闻起来、taste尝起来);衍生词:feeling(感觉)
go /ɡ / v. 开始;去,走 第三人称单数:goes;短语:go to school(去上学)、have a go(试一试)
take /te k/ v. 携带,拿走 变换字母记忆法:cake(蛋糕)→ take;反义词:bring(带来);多义:乘坐(交通工具)、拍照
show...around / ... ra nd/ v. 短语 带……参观 近义短语:take...around;show后接人称代词宾格,例:show him around(带他参观)
序数词 first /f :st/ num. 第一 归纳记忆法:基数词one(一)→ 序数词first;缩略形式:1st;短语:the first day(第一天)
second / sek nd/ num. 第二 基数词two(二)→ 序数词second;缩略形式:2nd;多义:n. 秒;短语:on the second floor(在二楼)
third /θ :d/ num. 第三 基数词three(三)→ 序数词third;拼读记忆法:ir发音/ :/(third、skirt、bird);缩略形式:3rd
代词 other / (r)/ pron./adj. 另外,其他;其他的 关联短语:one...the other...(一个……,另一个……);例句:He likes helping others(他喜欢帮助别人)
其他 any / eni/ det. 任何的,任一的 关联词:some(一些);衍生词:anything(任何事物)、anyone(任何人);用于否定句和疑问句
have a look —— 短语 看一看 同义短语:take a look;例句:Can I have a look at your book (我能看看你的书吗?)
You're welcome —— 句型 不客气 回应感谢的常用语;近义表达:That's all right. / My pleasure.
重点短语
短语 中文释义 例句
help others 帮助他人 We should help others at school every day.(我们应该每天在学校帮助他人)
have a look 看一看 Sam, let's go and have a look at the new swing.(萨姆,我们去看看新秋千吧)
show...around 带……参观 Yang Ling shows Nancy around the school.(杨玲带南希参观学校)
on the first floor 在一楼 The library is on the first floor.(图书馆在一楼)
play on the swing 荡秋千 Bobby loves to play on the swing in the playground.(博比喜欢在游戏场荡秋千)
be careful 小心点 Be careful! The floor is wet.(小心点!地板湿了)
feel dizzy 觉得头晕 Bobby feels dizzy after playing on the swing.(博比荡秋千后觉得头晕)
take...to... 把……带到…… I want to take these books to the library.(我想把这些书带到图书馆)
come with me 跟我来 The library is over e with me.(图书馆在那边,跟我来)
kind and helpful 友好又乐于助人 Nancy and Yang Ling are kind and helpful.(南希和杨玲友好又乐于助人)
play the piano 弹钢琴 Can you play the piano in the music room (你能在音乐教室弹钢琴吗?)
on the third floor 在三楼 The computer rooms are on the third floor.(电脑教室在三楼)
典型句型
句型结构 中文含义 教材例句 拓展例句
-Is there (a/an)+某物(+地点) -Yes, there is./No, there isn't. 询问某地是否有某物(单数) -Is there a swing in our new playground -Yes, there is. -Is there a piano in the music room -No, there isn't.
-Are there any+可数名词复数(+地点) -Yes, there are./No, there aren't. 询问某地是否有某物(复数) -Are there any computer rooms in our school -Yes, there are. -Are there any books in the bag -No, there aren't.
Let + 人称代词宾格 + 动词原形(+其他). 提出建议/主动提供帮助 Let me help you.(让我来帮你) Let's go and have a look.(我们去看看吧) Let her show us around the school.(让她带我们参观学校吧)
主语 + be动词 + on the + 序数词 + floor. 描述人/物所在楼层 It's on the first floor.(它在一楼) They're on the third floor.(它们在三楼) Our classroom is on the second floor.(我们的教室在二楼)
Thank you for + 名词/动名词. 感谢某人的某物/行为 Thank you for your help.(感谢你的帮助) Thank you for showing me around.(感谢你带我参观) Thank you for taking the books to the library.(感谢你把书送到图书馆)
You're welcome. 回应他人感谢 -Thank you! -You're welcome. -Thanks for your pencil. -You're welcome.
It's time for + 名词. / It's time to + 动词原形. 该做……的时候了 It's time for Art.(该上美术课了) It's time to go to school.(该上学了) It's time for lunch.(该吃午饭了) It's time to play basketball.(该打篮球了)
语言目标
目标序号 具体内容
1 能说出学校里的场所(如library、computer room)和物品名称(如piano、swing)
2 能运用there be句型的一般疑问句询问学校里的场所和物品情况
3 能运用“主语+be动词+on the+序数词+floor”句型描述学校场所的楼层
4 能运用let祈使句主动提供帮助或提出建议,掌握“You're welcome”回应感谢
5 能向新同学介绍自己的学校,包括场所位置、设施等
6 掌握字母i在单词中发/ /的发音规则,能识别并朗读相关单词(如is、swing、Miss)
7 能谈论在学校帮助他人的具体做法,理解互助友爱的重要性
02 考点速记
考点1 there be句型的一般疑问句
【详解】there be句型的一般疑问句用于询问某地是否有某物,核心结构:
单数形式:Is there (a/an)+可数名词单数/不可数名词(+地点) 答语:Yes, there is./No, there isn't.
复数形式:Are there any+可数名词复数(+地点) 答语:Yes, there are./No, there aren't.
【关键注意】肯定句中的some在疑问句中需改为any;be动词的单复数由问句中的名词单复数决定。
【典例】
There is a library in our school.(改为一般疑问句)
______________ ______________ a library in our school
There are some books on the desk.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
—______________ ______________ ______________ books on the desk
—No, ______________ ______________.
There is some water in the bottle.(改为一般疑问句)
______________ ______________ ______________ water in the bottle
—Is there a swing in the playground (作肯定回答)
—______________, ______________ ______________.
There are two computer rooms on the third floor.(对画线部分提问)
______________ ______________ on the third floor
考点2 let引导的祈使句
【详解】let祈使句用于提出建议、请求或主动提供帮助,结构:Let + 人称代词宾格 + 动词原形(+其他)。
let's = let us(我们),用于邀请对方一起做某事;
let me/him/her/them等,用于主动提供帮助或允许某人做某事;
否定形式:Don't let + 宾格 + 动词原形(不要让某人做某事)。
【典例】
Let ______________ (I) help you carry the books.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
We should go to the art room now.(改为let祈使句)
______________ ______________ ______________ to the art room now.
Let's play football after school.(改为否定句)
______________ ______________ play football after school.
—______________ ______________ show you around my new classroom (补全祈使句,表主动邀请)
—Great! Thank you.
Let her ______________ (take) the piano to the music room.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
考点3 序数词的用法
【详解】序数词表示顺序“第几”,常与定冠词the连用,核心用法:
表示“在几楼”:on the + 序数词 + floor(例:on the first floor 在一楼);
构成规律:① 1-3特殊变(one→first、two→second、three→third);② 4-19加th(four→fourth、six→sixth);③ 整十变y为ie加th(twenty→twentieth);
缩略形式:first=1st、second=2nd、third=3rd。
【典例】
My classroom is on the ______________ (three) floor.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
The music room is on the second floor.(对画线部分提问)
______________ ______________ the music room
单项选择:There are three desks. The ______________ desk is Lucy's.( )
A. one B. first C. three
补全句子:Today is my ______________ (one) day at this school.(我的第一天)
单项选择:—Where is the library —It's on ______________ floor.( )
A. first B. the first C. a first
考点4 any和some的辨析
【详解】any和some都表示“一些”,用法区别:
some:用于肯定句,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词(例:some books、some water);
any:用于否定句和疑问句,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词(例:Are there any pens 、I don't have any milk);
特殊情况:some可用于希望得到肯定回答的疑问句(例:Can I have some juice )。
【典例】
There are ______________ (some/any) apples in the basket.(选词填空)
Are there ______________ (some/any) computer rooms in your school (选词填空)
I don't have ______________ (some/any) friends here. I'm new.(选词填空)
—Can I have ______________ (some/any) bread —Yes, here you are.(选词填空)
There is ______________ (some/any) milk in the glass.(改为否定句)
There ______________ ______________ milk in the glass.
考点5 show...around和take的用法
(1)show...around(带……参观)
【详解】固定短语,show是动词,后接人称代词宾格(例:show him around),常用句型:Let me show you around + 地点(让我带你参观某地)。
(2)take(携带,拿走)
【详解】多义动词,核心用法:
take + 某物 + to + 地点(把某物带到某地);
反义词:bring(带来);
拓展含义:乘坐(交通工具)(例:take a bus)、拍照(take photos)。
【典例】
Let me ______________ (show) you around our school.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
She wants to ______________ (take) the books to the library.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
单项选择:Can you ______________ me around the art room ( )
A. show B. take C. go
句型转换:I show Lily around my classroom.(改为祈使句)
______________ ______________ Lily around my classroom.
单项选择:He ______________ his pencil to school every day.( )
A. takes B. shows C. helps
考点6 语音:字母i在单词中发/ /音
【详解】字母i发/ /时,发音要领:舌尖抵下齿龈,舌前部微微抬起,口型半闭,气流顺畅流出,发音短促有力(类似中文“衣”的短音)。
本单元例词:is(是)、swing(秋千)、in(在……里)、Miss(小姐)、give(给)、six(六)、with(和)。
【典例】
找出画线部分发音不同的一项( )
A. swing B. like C. in D. Miss
写出三个字母i发/ /音的新单词:______________、______________、______________
朗读句子,标出含/ /音的单词:Miss Li lets us play in the playground.
判断下列单词中字母i的发音是否相同(相同写S,不同写D):
① is 和 it( ) ② six 和 like( )
根据发音规则,补全单词:sw____ng(秋千)、g____ve(给)
03 素养提升
文化拓展
中华传统文化
中国古代学校:主要包括私塾(家庭/宗族创办,多为单间房)、书院(山林僻静处,有讲堂、藏书楼)、国子监(中央最高学府,建筑宏伟)。
中国四大书院:应天书院(河南商丘,北宋最高学府)、岳麓书院(湖南长沙,保存最完好)、白鹿洞书院(江西庐山,“海内第一书院”)、嵩阳书院(河南登封,程朱理学发源地)。
秋千的起源:最早用于采摘食物/猎取野兽,春秋时为军事训练工具,汉代融入民俗,唐宋广泛流行,成为传统游戏。
核心价值观
互帮互助是中华民族的传统美德,在校园中践行“友爱”“互助”,共同学习、成长,体现“好好学习,天天向上”的校园精神。
英文谚语
Helping others is helping yourself.(助人者自助)
A kind word is like a warm sun.(友善的话语如暖阳)
Unity is strength.(团结就是力量)
学习方法小贴士
单词记忆:利用“加法记忆法”(play+ground=playground)、“形近词对比”(swing-swim)、“序数词归类”(first/second/third),结合学校场景记忆(如看到教室想到classroom)。
句型运用:用there be句型描述自己学校的场所(例:There is a library on the first floor),用let祈使句模拟帮助同学的对话(例:Let me help you with your homework)。
语音练习:跟读教材中字母i发/ /的单词和小诗,对比字母i发/a /的单词(如big-like),通过发音差异强化记忆。
04 过关练习
一、单词拼写(每小题2分,共10分)
根据句意及首字母或中文提示,补全单词。
The library is on the f______________ floor.(第一)
Let me s______________ you around our new school.(带……参观)
Be c______________! Don't run in the corridor.(小心的)
There are three c______________ rooms in our school.(计算机)
I want to t______________ these books to the classroom.(携带)
二、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分)
—Is there a piano in the music room —______________( )
A. Yes, there are. B. No, there isn't. C. Yes, it is.
Let ______________ help you carry the heavy box.( )
A. I B. my C. me
The art room is ______________ the second floor.( )
A. in B. on C. at
—Are there ______________ desks in the classroom —Yes, there are 40.( )
A. some B. any C. a
It's time ______________ Art class. Let's go to the art room.( )
A. for B. to C. with
She ______________ her schoolbag to school every day.( )
A. shows B. takes C. helps
—Thank you for your help. —______________( )
A. That's OK. B. You're welcome. C. All right.
There ______________ some water and two pens on the desk.( )
A. is B. are C. have
The ______________ floor has two computer rooms.( )
A. three B. third C. first
—Where is the playground —______________( )
A. It's big. B. There are some swings. C. It's near the art room.
三、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分)
There is a swing in the playground.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
—_____________________________________________________________________
—_____________________________________________________________________
The computer rooms are on the third floor.(对画线部分提问)
_____________________________________________________________________
Let's go to the library.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
I want to take the books to the classroom.(改为祈使句)
_____________________________________________________________________
There are some books on the desk.(改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________________
四、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分)
Hello, I'm Tom. I'm a new student at No.1 Primary School. Today, Lily helps me a lot. She wants to 1. ______________ me around the school. First, we go to the library. It's on the 2. ______________ floor. There are many books there. Then we go to the computer room. It's on the third floor. "3. ______________ there any computers in it " I ask. "Yes, there are," Lily says. We have a look. The computers are new and good.
At noon, I feel hungry. Lily says, "It's time 4. ______________ lunch. Let's go to the dining hall." On the way, I drop my pencil. Lily helps me pick it up. She is so kind. I say, "Thank you for 5. ______________ me." She smiles and says, "You're welcome."
A. show B. take C. go
A. one B. first C. three
A. Is B. Are C. Do
A. to B. for C. with
A. help B. helping C. helps
五、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
My School Life
My name is Amy. I study at Sunshine School. Our school is big and beautiful. There are many places: a library, a music room, an art room, a computer room and a playground.
The library is on the first floor. I often read books there after class. The art room is on the first floor too. My favorite class is Art. The computer room and the music room are on the third floor. I can play the piano in the music room. The playground is behind the teaching building. I like to play on the swing with my friends after school.
At school, I often help my classmates. I help Lucy carry her books to the library. I help Tom learn English. My classmates help me too. When I can't find the art room, Lily shows me around. We are kind and helpful to each other. I love my school and my classmates.
根据短文内容,选择正确的答案。
Where is the library ( )
A. On the first floor. B. On the third floor. C. Behind the teaching building.
What is Amy's favorite class ( )
A. Music. B. Art. C. English.
What can Amy do in the music room ( )
A. Read books. B. Play the piano. C. Play on the swing.
How does Amy help Lucy ( )
A. She shows Lucy around the school. B. She helps Lucy learn English. C. She carries Lucy's books to the library.
What can we know from the passage ( )
A. The playground is in front of the teaching building. B. Amy and her classmates help each other. C. The computer room is on the first floor.
六、书面表达(共20分)
请以“My School and How I Help Others”为题,写一篇短文,介绍你的学校和你在学校帮助他人的做法。
要求:
运用there be句型描述学校场所及位置;
运用let祈使句或take...to...等句型描述帮助他人的过程;
不少于5句话,语句通顺,语法正确。
答案与解析
考点典例答案与解析
考点1 there be句型的一般疑问句
Is there
解析:there be句型变一般疑问句,将be动词is提前,句首首字母大写。
Are there any; there aren't
解析:some在疑问句中改为any;there are的否定回答是No, there aren't.
Is there any
解析:water是不可数名词,用Is there;some改为any。
Yes, there is
解析:Is there开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, there is.
What is
解析:对“two computer rooms”提问用what,be动词用is(疑问词后be动词用单数)。
考点2 let引导的祈使句
me
解析:let后接人称代词宾格,I的宾格是me。
Let's go
解析:let's + 动词原形,“我们去”译为Let's go。
Don't let's
解析:let's的否定形式为Don't let's(或Let's not)。
Let me
解析:表主动邀请,“让我带你参观”译为Let me show you around。
take
解析:let后接动词原形,故填take。
考点3 序数词的用法
third
解析:表示“第三楼”用序数词third,前面加the(此处空前有the,故填third)。
Where is
解析:对楼层提问用where,主语the music room是单数,be动词用is。
B
解析:表示“第一个书桌”用序数词first,故选B。
first
解析:“我的第一天”用序数词first。
B
解析:序数词前加定冠词the,“在一楼”译为on the first floor,故选B。
考点4 any和some的辨析
some
解析:肯定句中用some修饰可数名词复数apples。
any
解析:疑问句中用any修饰可数名词复数computer rooms。
any
解析:否定句中用any修饰可数名词复数friends。
some
解析:希望得到肯定回答的疑问句,用some修饰不可数名词bread。
some;isn't any
解析:肯定句用some;否定句中some改为any,be动词is改为isn't。
考点5 show...around和take的用法
show
解析:let后接动词原形,故填show。
take
解析:want to后接动词原形,故填take。
A
解析:固定短语show sb. around,“带你参观美术教室”译为show you around the art room,故选A。
Let's show
解析:改为祈使句用Let's + 动词原形,故填Let's show。
A
解析:“每天带铅笔去学校”用take,主语he是第三人称单数,take加s,故选A。
考点6 语音:字母i在单词中发/ /音
B
解析:A选项swing /sw /、C选项in / n/、D选项Miss /m s/ 中i发/ /,B选项like /la k/ 中i发/a /,故选B。
示例:it、big、pig
解析:符合字母i发/ /音的单词均可(答案不唯一)。
含/ /音的单词:Miss、lets、us、in、playground
解析:这些单词中字母i均发/ /音(playground中i在gr后发/ /)。
① S ② D
解析:① is / z/、it / t/ 发音相同;② six /s ks/、like /la k/ 发音不同。
swing、give
解析:根据发音规则,i发/ /时,补全后单词为swing(秋千)、give(给)。
过关练习答案与解析
一、单词拼写
first
解析:根据中文提示“第一”及单元序数词,可知填first。
show
解析:由句意“让我带你参观我们的新学校”及短语show...around,可知填show。
careful
解析:由句意“小心!不要在走廊跑”及单元短语be careful,可知填careful。
computer
解析:由句意“我们学校有三间电脑教室”及单元名词computer room,可知填computer。
take
解析:由句意“我想把这些书带到教室”及短语take...to...,可知填take。
二、单项选择
B
解析:Is there开头的一般疑问句,否定回答为No, there isn't.,故选B。
C
解析:let后接人称代词宾格,I的宾格是me,故选C。
B
解析:表示“在几楼”用介词on,故选B。
B
解析:疑问句中用any修饰可数名词复数desks,故选B。
A
解析:It's time for + 名词,“该上美术课了”译为It's time for Art class,故选A。
B
解析:“每天带书包去学校”用take,主语she是第三人称单数,take加s,故选B。
B
解析:回应感谢的常用语You're welcome.,故选B。
A
解析:there be遵循“就近原则”,some water是不可数名词,be动词用is,故选A。
B
解析:表示“第三楼”用序数词third,故选B。
C
解析:问句询问操场的位置,C选项“它在美术教室附近”符合语境,故选C。
三、句型转换
—Is there a swing in the playground —No, there isn't.
解析:there be句型变一般疑问句,将is提前;否定回答为No, there isn't.
Where is the computer room
解析:对楼层提问用where,主语the computer rooms改为单数(疑问词后be动词用is),故填Where is the computer room
Don't let's go to the library.(或Let's not go to the library.)
解析:let's的否定形式为Don't let's或Let's not,后接动词原形。
Let's take the books to the classroom.
解析:改为祈使句用Let's + 动词原形,故填Let's take the books to the classroom.
There aren't any books on the desk.
解析:there are的否定式为aren't,some改为any。
四、完形填空
A
解析:固定短语show sb. around,“带我参观学校”译为show me around the school,故选A。
B
解析:表示“一楼”用序数词first,故选B。
B
解析:由any computers可知,be动词用are,故选B。
B
解析:It's time for + 名词,“该吃午饭了”译为It's time for lunch,故选B。
B
解析:Thank you for + 动名词,help的动名词是helping,故选B。
五、阅读理解
A
解析:根据短文第二段“The library is on the first floor.”,可知图书馆在一楼。
B
解析:根据短文第二段“My favorite class is Art.”,可知Amy最喜欢美术课。
B
解析:根据短文第二段“I can play the piano in the music room.”,可知Amy能在音乐教室弹钢琴。
C
解析:根据短文第三段“I help Lucy carry her books to the library.”,可知Amy帮Lucy把书送到图书馆。
B
解析:根据短文第三段“We are kind and helpful to each other.”,可知Amy和同学们互相帮助,故选B。
六、书面表达(参考范文)
My School and How I Help Others
I study at Hope Primary School. Our school is big and nice. There is a library on the first floor and a computer room on the third floor. There are also many trees and flowers in the playground. I often help my classmates at school. When Lily can't carry her books to the library, I help her. When Tom doesn't know the way to the art room, I show him around. I often say, "Let me help you!" Helping others makes me happy. I love my school and my friends.
解析:
运用there be句型(There is a library... / There are also many trees...)描述学校场所及位置,符合要求;
运用help sb.、show sb. around、Let me help you等句型描述帮助他人的过程,紧扣单元重点;
语句通顺,语法正确,满足不少于5句话的要求,突出“互助”主题,符合单元语言目标。