/ 让教学更有效 高效备课
Unit 4 Caring about others(知识清单)
英语译林版 四年级下册
01 单元速记·巧练
重点词汇
类别 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 记忆方法
名词 water / w t (r)/ n. 水 多义:v. 给……浇水;形近词:watch(看);拓展:watermelon(西瓜);短语:a glass of water(一杯水)、drink water(喝水)
bag /b g/ n. 包,袋 变换字母记忆法:big→bag;关联词:schoolbag(书包);短语:in the bag(在袋子里)、a shopping bag(购物袋)、a bag of...(一袋……)
bread /bred/ n. 面包 加法记忆法:b + read = bread;关联词:bakery(面包店);短语:a slice of bread(一片面包)、a loaf of bread(一条面包)
dear /d (r)/ n./adj. 亲爱的;珍贵的 拼读记忆法:ear→dear、year;形近词:bear(熊)、hear(听到);短语:my dear(我亲爱的)、Dear Sir/Madam(尊敬的先生/女士)
动词 care about /ke (r) ba t/ v. 短语 关心,关怀 拓展:caring(adj. 关心他人的)、careful(adj. 小心的);关联短语:take care of(照顾,照料);例句:Parents always care about their children's health.(父母总是关心孩子的健康)
have a rest /h v rest/ v. 短语 休息 近义短语:take a rest(休息一下);例句:You look tired. Let's have a rest.(你看起来很累,咱们休息一下吧)
take /te k/ v. 拿,接;携带 变换字母记忆法:make→take;多义:乘坐(交通工具)、拍照;短语:take your coat(拿你的外套)、take care of(照顾)
set the table /set te bl/ v. 短语 摆放餐具 关联短语:clear the table(收拾餐桌)、wash the dishes(洗碗);例句:Please set the table for dinner.(请为晚餐摆放餐具)
形容词 hungry / h ɡri/ adj. 感到饿的 归纳记忆法:关联词thirsty(渴的);衍生词:hunger(n. 饥饿);短语:a hungry cat(一只饥饿的猫)、hungry and thirsty(又饿又渴)
thirsty / θ sti/ adj. 渴的,口渴的 形近词:thirty(三十);短语:be thirsty for(渴望某物);例句:After running, he is thirsty.(跑步后,他很渴)
ill / l/ adj. 不舒服,有病 衍生词:illness(n. 疾病);近义词:sick(生病的);反义词:healthy(健康的);短语:fall ill(突然生病)
tired / ta d/ adj. 疲倦的,疲劳的 归纳记忆法:关联词sleepy(困倦的);衍生词:tiredness(n. 疲倦);短语:feel tired(感到疲倦)、be tired of(厌倦……)
hot /h t/ adj. 觉得闷热 变换字母记忆法:not→hot;反义词:cold(冷的);短语:hot dog(热狗)、hot water(热水)、a hot day(炎热的一天)
副词 home /h m/ adv./n. 到家,在家;家 归纳记忆法:关联house(房子);短语:go home(回家)、walk home(步行回家);例句:He usually goes home at 5 p.m.(他通常下午5点回家)
其他 caring / ke r / adj. 关心他人的 派生词:care(关心)+ ing;短语:caring and helpful(关心他人且乐于助人)
重点短语
短语 中文释义 例句
care about 关心,关怀 We should care about our classmates.(我们应该关心我们的同学)
have a rest 休息一下 Mum is tired. She needs to have a rest.(妈妈累了,她需要休息一下)
take care of 照顾,照料 My sister can take care of my little brother.(我姐姐能照顾我的小弟弟)
set the table 摆放餐具 Su Hai and Su Yang set the table for dinner.(苏海和苏洋为晚餐摆放餐具)
hot and thirsty 又热又渴 After playing football, I'm hot and thirsty.(踢完足球后,我又热又渴)
feel tired 感到疲倦 Grandpa feels tired after walking.(爷爷走路后感到疲倦)
drink some water 喝一些水 Here's some water. Please drink some water.(这里有一些水,请喝一些)
take your coat 拿你的外套 Let me take your coat, Mum.(妈妈,让我来拿你的外套)
be careful 小心 Be careful! The floor is wet.(小心!地板湿了)
have a cake 吃一块蛋糕 Bobby gives Tom a cake. "Have a cake, Tom."(博比给汤姆一块蛋糕:“汤姆,吃块蛋糕吧”)
典型句型
句型结构 中文含义 教材例句 拓展例句
I'm + (表示感受的) 形容词. 我……(表达自己的感受) I'm hot and thirsty, Bobby.(我又热又渴,博比) I'm tired.(我累了) I'm hungry. I want to eat some bread.(我饿了,我想吃一些面包) I'm ill. I need to see a doctor.(我不舒服,我需要看医生)
What's the matter (with sb.) (某人)怎么了?(询问他人感受) What's the matter, Bobby (怎么了,博比?) What's the matter, Mum (怎么了,妈妈?) What's the matter with your friend (你的朋友怎么了?) What's the matter with you You look sad.(你怎么了?你看起来不开心)
Here's + 可数名词单数/不可数名词 (+ for you). 这里有……给你(主动提供物品) Here's some water for you, Tom.(这里有一些水给你,汤姆) Here's a cake for you.(这里有一块蛋糕给你) Here's some bread for your mum.(这里有一些面包给你妈妈)
Here are + 可数名词复数 (+ for you). 这里有……给你(复数物品) Here are some cakes for you.(这里有一些蛋糕给你) Here are some apples for your sister.(这里有一些苹果给你妹妹)
Are you + (表示感受的) 形容词 你……了吗?(猜测对方感受) Are you ill (你生病了吗?) Are you hungry (你饿了吗?) Are you thirsty Do you want some water (你渴了吗?你想要一些水吗?) Are you tired Let's have a rest.(你累了吗?咱们休息一下吧)
Would you like + a/an/some + 名词 你想要……吗?(委婉询问需求) Would you like some bread (你想要一些面包吗?) Would you like a cake (你想要一块蛋糕吗?) Would you like some juice (你想要一些果汁吗?)
Let's/Let me + 动词原形 (+ 其他). 让我们/让我……(提供帮助/建议) Let me take your coat.(让我来拿你的外套) Let's set the table.(咱们摆放餐具吧) Let me help you carry the bag.(让我帮你拿包) Let's care about our friends.(让我们关心我们的朋友吧)
语言目标
目标序号 具体内容
1 能说出关心他人相关的词汇(如hungry、thirsty、tired、care about)和短语
2 能运用句型“I'm + 形容词”表达自己的感受(饥饿、口渴、疲倦等)
3 能运用“What's the matter ”“Are you + 形容词 ”询问他人感受、猜测对方状态
4 能运用“Here's/Here are...for you”“Would you like... ”主动提供物品、委婉询问需求
5 能运用“Let's/Let me...”“I can...”谈论照顾他人的具体做法(分担家务、陪伴休息等)
6 掌握字母o在单词中发/ /音的发音规则,能识别并朗读相关单词(如hot、tomorrow)
7 理解关心他人的意义,养成主动关爱家人、同学的良好习惯
02 考点速记
考点1 表达感受的句型(I'm + 形容词)
【详解】该句型用于直接表达自己的感受或状态,后接描述感受的形容词(hungry、thirsty、tired、ill、hot等),形容词作表语,放在系动词am后。
否定式:I'm not + 形容词(例:I'm not hungry. 我不饿)。
拓展:主语为he/she/it时,系动词用is(例:She's tired. 她累了);主语为复数时,系动词用are(例:They're thirsty. 他们渴了)。
【典例】
I'm ______ (hungry/hot). I want to eat some bread.(选词填空)
She's not ill. She's ______ (tired/thirsty). She needs to sleep.(选词填空)
I'm hot and thirsty.(改为否定句)
I'm ______ hot ______ thirsty.
单项选择:My brother is ______. He wants to drink some water.( )
A. hungry B. thirsty C. tired
补全句子:My grandma is ______ (不舒服). She should have a rest.
考点2 询问与猜测他人感受的句型
(1)What's the matter (with sb.)
【详解】用于发现对方状态不佳时询问感受,同义句为“What's wrong with sb. ”,回答常用“I'm + 形容词”。
(2)Are you + 形容词
【详解】用于猜测对方的感受,是一般疑问句,肯定回答为“Yes, I am.”,否定回答为“No, I'm not.”,否定回答后可补充实际感受。
【典例】
—______ the matter with you —I'm ill.(补全问句)
—What's the matter with Tom —______ tired.( )
A. He's B. She's C. I'm
—Are you hungry —______, I'm not. I'm thirsty.( )
A. Yes B. No C. Sure
She's sad.(对画线部分提问)
______ the matter with her
—Are you ill —Yes, ______. I need to see a doctor.(补全答语)
考点3 主动提供物品与询问需求的句型
(1)Here's/Here are...for you.
【详解】由here引导的倒装句,用于主动向他人提供物品。Here's后接可数名词单数或不可数名词,Here are后接可数名词复数。
(2)Would you like + a/an/some + 名词
【详解】委婉询问对方是否想要某物,期待得到积极回应,疑问句中用some不用any。肯定回答为“Yes, please.”,否定回答为“No, thanks.”。
【典例】
Here ______ some water for you.(be动词的适当形式填空)
Here ______ two cakes for your sister.(be动词的适当形式填空)
—Would you like some bread —______, please.( )
A. Yes B. No C. Thanks
—Would you like ______ apple —No, thanks.( )
A. a B. an C. some
I want to give her some juice.(改为同义句)
Here ______ some juice ______ her.
考点4 let的用法
【详解】let为使役动词,常见结构为“let sb. do sth.”,意为“让某人做某事”,sb.用人称代词宾格;let's = let us,用于提出建议,后接动词原形。
否定形式:Don't let sb. do sth.(不要让某人做某事)或Let's not do sth.(咱们不要做某事)。
【典例】
Let ______ (I) set the table.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
Let's ______ (take) care of the little cat.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
单项选择:Let ______ go home together.( )
A. we B. us C. our
Let's have a rest.(改为否定句)
Let's ______ ______ a rest.
单项选择:Let me ______ you carry the bag.( )
A. help B. helps C. helping
考点5 some和any的辨析
【详解】some和any均表示“一些”,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词:
some多用于肯定句;
any多用于否定句和一般疑问句;
例外:表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中,用some不用any(如Would you like some... )。
【典例】
I have ______ (some/any) bread for breakfast.(选词填空)
Do you have ______ (some/any) water (选词填空)
Would you like ______ (some/any) cake (选词填空)
She doesn't have ______ (some/any) apples.(选词填空)
单项选择:Can I have ______ milk, please ( )
A. some B. any C. a
考点6 ill和sick的辨析
【详解】两者均表示“生病的”,用法区别:
ill:多作表语,不能修饰名词(例:He is ill. 他生病了);
sick:既可作表语(He is sick.),也可作定语(a sick man 一个病人);
注意:表示“病人”用the sick(复数意义),不用the ill。
【典例】
The little boy is ______ (ill/sick). He can't go to school.(选词填空)
单项选择:There is a ______ dog on the road. Let's help it.( )
A. ill B. sick C. tired
She is ______ (ill/sick) today. Her mother looks after her.(选词填空)
改错:He is a ill man.(找出错误并改正)
单项选择:My grandma is ______. She needs to see a doctor.( )
A. ill B. hungry C. thirsty
考点7 语音:字母o在单词中发/ /音
【详解】字母o发/ /时,发音要领:嘴巴张大,舌身降低并后缩,双唇收圆不突出,发音短促清晰(类似中文“奥”的短音)。
本单元例词:hot(觉得闷热)、tomorrow(明天)、tick-tock(滴答声)、clock(时钟)。
【典例】
找出画线部分发音不同的一项( )
A. hot B. tomorrow C. home D. clock
写出三个字母o发/ /音的新单词:、、______
朗读句子,标出含/ /音的单词:It's eight o'clock. Are you hot
判断下列单词中字母o的发音是否相同(相同写S,不同写D):
① hot 和 not( ) ② tomorrow 和 go( )
根据发音规则,补全单词:h______t(觉得闷热)、cl______ck(时钟)
03 素养拓展
文化与品德教育
中华传统美德故事
司马光砸缸:北宋时司马光在伙伴落水时,冷静砸缸救人,体现伙伴间的互助关爱。
木兰从军:北魏花木兰代父从军,凸显“尊老爱幼”中“为长辈分忧”的内涵,传递家人间的责任与关爱。
中国古代待客之礼
古人待客注重礼仪:迎客时衣冠整齐、门外等候;待客时奉茶遵循“茶七酒八”,避开隐私话题;送别时赠礼送至门外,次日问候平安,体现对他人的尊重与关怀。
英文谚语与名言
A kind word warms a cold heart.(良言一句三冬暖)
Caring for others is the greatest joy.(关爱他人是最大的快乐)
We rise by lifting others.(助人者自渡)
学习方法小贴士
词汇记忆:利用“加法记忆法”(b+read=bread)、“变换字母记忆法”(big→bag)记忆单词,结合“短语搭配”(take care of、set the table)强化运用,通过“场景联想”(看到水想到drink water)加深印象。
句型运用:模拟“关心家人/同学”的场景,用核心句型对话(例:A: What's the matter B: I'm tired. A: Let's have a rest.),提升实战能力。
实践拓展:写“关爱清单”,记录自己照顾家人/同学的具体做法(如“Mum is thirsty. I give her some water.”),将语言学习与品德实践结合。
04 过关练习
一、单词拼写(每小题2分,共10分)
根据句意及首字母或中文提示,补全单词。
My mother is tired. I can t______ her bag for her.(拿)
Would you like some b______ It's delicious.(面包)
After playing basketball, Tom is h______ and thirsty.(饥饿的)
We should c______ about our classmates when they are ill.(关心)
Here's some w______ for you. Drink it, please.(水)
二、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分)
—What's the matter with you —I'm ______. I want to sleep.( )
A. tired B. hungry C. thirsty
Let ______ help you set the table.( )
A. I B. me C. my
—Would you like some juice —______( )
A. Yes, I am. B. No, I don't. C. Yes, please.
There ______ some bread on the plate.( )
A. is B. are C. have
—Are you ill —No, I'm not. I'm ______. I need some water.( )
A. hot B. thirsty C. tired
We should ______ about our parents. They work hard.( )
A. care B. take C. set
Let's ______ a rest. Mum is tired.( )
A. have B. has C. having
—Can I have some apples —______ Here you are.( )
A. No, thanks. B. Sure. C. Sorry.
The ______ boy needs to see a doctor.( )
A. ill B. sick C. hungry
Here ______ some cakes for your friend.( )
A. is B. are C. am
三、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分)
I'm hot and thirsty.(改为否定句)
I'm ______ hot ______ thirsty.
Would you like some bread (作否定回答)
______, ______.
Let's set the table.(改为否定句)
Let's ______ ______ the table.
She's tired.(对画线部分提问)
______ the matter ______ her
I want to give him some water.(改为同义句)
Here ______ some water ______ him.
四、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分)
It's Sunday afternoon. Lily's mum comes home from work. She looks tired. Lily says, "Mum, 1. ______ the matter " Mum says, "I'm not ill, but I'm tired." Lily says, "Let me 2. ______ your coat. Please have a rest." Mum sits on the sofa. Lily asks, "Are you thirsty Would you like some 3. ______ " Mum says, "Yes, please." Lily brings some water for her mum.
Dad comes into the room. He says, "Let's set the table for dinner." Lily says, "Great! I can help you." They put plates and forks on the table. Mum smiles and says, "You are 4. ______ and helpful. I'm so happy." Lily says, "We should care about our family. I love you, Mum." It's a warm evening 5. ______ they care about each other.
A. What's B. How's C. Where's
A. take B. takes C. taking
A. bread B. water C. cake
A. angry B. caring C. tired
A. but B. because C. so
五、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
Caring for My Family
My name is Tom. I'm ten years old. I live with my parents and my little sister. We care about each other.
When my dad is tired after work, I help him take his bag. I make him a cup of tea. When my mum is busy cooking, I set the table for her. My little sister is five years old. She is sometimes hungry or thirsty. I give her some bread or water. When she is ill, I stay with her and tell her stories.
Last week, my mum was tired and thirsty. I brought her some water and asked her to have a rest. My dad cooked dinner. My sister and I cleaned our room. Mum was very happy. She said, "You are a good boy. You care about me a lot."
Caring for family makes us happy. I love my family.
根据短文内容,选择正确的答案。
How old is Tom's little sister ( )
A. Five. B. Ten. C. Eight.
What does Tom do when his dad is tired ( )
A. He cooks dinner. B. He takes his dad's bag and makes tea. C. He cleans the room.
What does Tom give his little sister when she is hungry ( )
A. Water. B. Tea. C. Bread.
What did Tom do when his mum was tired last week ( )
A. He cooked dinner. B. He brought her some water and asked her to rest. C. He cleaned the room.
What can we learn from the passage ( )
A. Caring for family makes us happy. B. Tom's sister can set the table. C. Tom's dad doesn't cook dinner.
六、书面表达(共20分)
请以“How I Care for My Family”为题,写一篇短文,描述你如何照顾家人。
要求:
运用本单元核心句型(I'm...、What's the matter 、Here's...、Let's...等);
至少描述2件照顾家人的具体事例,语句通顺,语法正确;
不少于5句话。
答案与解析
一、考点典例答案与解析
考点1 表达感受的句型(I'm + 形容词)
hungry
解析:由“want to eat some bread”可知,“我”饿了,故填hungry。
tired
解析:由“She needs to sleep”可知,她累了,故填tired。
not; or
解析:否定句中“and”改为“or”,故填not; or。
B
解析:由“wants to drink some water”可知,他渴了,故选B。
ill
解析:“不舒服”译为ill,故填ill。
考点2 询问与猜测他人感受的句型
What's
解析:固定句型“What's the matter with you ”,故填What's。
A
解析:Tom是男孩,用He's,故选A。
B
解析:由“I'm not”可知,是否定回答,故选B。
What's
解析:对感受提问用“What's the matter with sb. ”,故填What's。
I am
解析:Are you ill 的肯定回答为“Yes, I am.”,故填I am。
考点3 主动提供物品与询问需求的句型
is
解析:some water是不可数名词,Here's后接不可数名词,故填is。
are
解析:two cakes是可数名词复数,Here are后接复数名词,故填are。
A
解析:Would you like... 的肯定回答为“Yes, please.”,故选A。
B
解析:apple是元音音素开头,用an修饰,故选B。
is; for
解析:some juice是不可数名词,用Here is;“给她”译为for her,故填is; for。
考点4 let的用法
me
解析:let后接人称代词宾格,I的宾格是me,故填me。
take
解析:let's后接动词原形,故填take。
B
解析:let后接宾格us,故选B。
not have
解析:let's的否定形式为Let's not do sth.,故填not have。
A
解析:let me后接动词原形,故选A。
考点5 some和any的辨析
some
解析:肯定句中用some,故填some。
any
解析:一般疑问句中用any,故填any。
some
解析:Would you like... 希望得到肯定答复,用some,故填some。
any
解析:否定句中用any,故填any。
A
解析:Can I have... 表请求,用some,故选A。
考点6 ill和sick的辨析
ill/sick
解析:此处作表语,ill和sick均可,故填ill/sick。
B
解析:修饰名词dog,用sick,故选B。
ill/sick
解析:此处作表语,ill和sick均可,故填ill/sick。
错误:a ill → 改正:an ill / a sick
解析:ill作表语,不能修饰名词;修饰名词用sick,或ill前加an(ill是元音音素开头)。
A
解析:由“needs to see a doctor”可知,是生病了,故选A。
考点7 语音:字母o在单词中发/ /音
C
解析:A选项hot /h t/、B选项tomorrow /t m r /、D选项clock /kl k/ 中o发/ /,C选项home /h m/ 中o发/ /,故选C。
示例:not、box、dog
解析:符合字母o发/ /音的单词均可(答案不唯一)。
含/ /音的单词:o'clock、hot
解析:这些单词中字母o均发/ /音。
① S ② D
解析:① hot /h t/、not /n t/ 发音相同;② tomorrow /t m r /、go /ɡ / 发音不同。
hot、clock
解析:根据发音规则,o发/ /时,补全后单词为hot(觉得闷热)、clock(时钟)。
二、过关练习答案与解析
一、单词拼写
take
解析:根据中文提示“拿”及短语take one's bag,可知填take。
bread
解析:由句意“你想要一些面包吗?它很美味”及单词bread,可知填bread。
hungry
解析:由“and thirsty”及中文提示“饥饿的”,可知填hungry。
care
解析:根据中文提示“关心”及短语care about,可知填care。
water
解析:由句意“这里有一些水给你,请喝了它”及单词water,可知填water。
二、单项选择
A
解析:由“I want to sleep”可知,是累了,故选A。
B
解析:let后接宾格me,故选B。
C
解析:Would you like... 的肯定回答为“Yes, please.”,故选C。
A
解析:bread是不可数名词,there be用is,故选A。
B
解析:由“I need some water”可知,是渴了,故选B。
A
解析:care about是固定短语,“关心父母”译为care about our parents,故选A。
A
解析:let's后接动词原形,have a rest是固定短语,故选A。
B
解析:由“Here you are”可知,是同意请求,故选B。
B
解析:修饰名词boy,用sick,故选B。
B
解析:some cakes是复数,Here are后接复数名词,故选B。
三、句型转换
not; or
解析:否定句中“and”改为“or”,故填not; or。
No; thanks
解析:Would you like... 的否定回答为“No, thanks.”,故填No; thanks。
not set
解析:let's的否定形式为Let's not do sth.,故填not set。
What's; with
解析:对感受提问用“What's the matter with sb. ”,故填What's; with。
is; for
解析:some water是不可数名词,用Here is;“给他”译为for him,故填is; for。
四、完形填空
A
解析:询问对方状态用“What's the matter ”,故选A。
A
解析:let me后接动词原形,take your coat是固定搭配,故选A。
B
解析:由后文“brings some water”可知,此处问是否想要水,故选B。
B
解析:由“helpful”及上下文,可知是“关心他人的”,故选B。
B
解析:“温暖的夜晚”是因为“互相关心”,表原因用because,故选B。
五、阅读理解
A
解析:根据短文第二段“My little sister is five years old.”,可知选A。
B
解析:根据短文第二段“When my dad is tired after work, I help him take his bag. I make him a cup of tea.”,可知选B。
C
解析:根据短文第二段“She is sometimes hungry or thirsty. I give her some bread or water.”,可知选C。
B
解析:根据短文第三段“my mum was tired and thirsty. I brought her some water and asked her to have a rest.”,可知选B。
A
解析:根据短文最后一段“Caring for family makes us happy.”,可知选A。
六、书面表达(参考范文)
How I Care for My Family
I love my family and I often care for them. When my dad comes home from work, he is usually tired. I ask him, "What's the matter, Dad " Then I help him take his bag and make him a cup of tea. When my mum is thirsty, I bring some water for her and say, "Here's some water for you, Mum." On weekends, I help my mum set the table for dinner. My little brother is sometimes hungry. I give him some bread. Caring for my family makes me happy. We love each other very much.
解析:
运用本单元核心句型(What's the matter 、Here's some water for you.),符合要求;
描述了照顾爸爸、妈妈、弟弟3件事,具体生动;
语句通顺,语法正确,满足不少于5句话的要求,突出“关爱家人”的主题。