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Unit 7 Doing chores at home(知识清单)
英语译林版 四年级下册
01 单元速记·巧练
重点词汇
类别 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 记忆方法
家务相关名词 chore /t (r)/ n. 日常事务,家务 同义词:housework(家务劳动);短语:do chores(做家务);例句:Let's do chores at home.
dish /d / n. 碗,碟 变换字母记忆法:fish→dish;关联词:plate(盘子)、bowl(碗);短语:wash the dishes(洗碗)
house /ha s/ n. 房屋,房子 变换字母记忆法:mouse→house;关联词:home(家);短语:a clean house(干净的房子)、in the house(在房子里)
家务相关动词/短语 water / w t (r)/ v. 给……浇水 多义:n. 水;短语:water the flowers(浇花)、water the trees(给树浇水);例句:She is watering the flowers in the garden.
make the bed /me k bed/ v. 短语 铺床 关联短语:get up(起床);例句:I make the bed every morning.
wash the dishes /w d z/ v. 短语 洗碗 例句:Bobby is washing the dishes.
wash the clothes /w kl z/ v. 短语 洗衣服 例句:Dad is washing the clothes this weekend.
cook lunch /k k l nt / v. 短语 做午饭 例句:Mum is cooking lunch in the kitchen.
clean the table /kli n te bl/ v. 短语 擦桌子 例句:Su Yang is cleaning the table after lunch.
feed the cat /fi d k t/ v. 短语 喂猫 例句:Su Hai is feeding the cat now.
sweep the floor /swi p fl (r)/ v. 短语 扫地 例句:I can sweep the floor at home.
其他核心词汇 half /hɑ f/ n. 一半,半 短语:half an hour(半小时)、half past seven(七点半);例句:It's half past twelve.
past /pɑ st/ prep. 晚于,在……之后 变换字母记忆法:fast→past;多义:adj. 过去的、n. 往事;短语:in the past(在过去)
weekend / wi k end/ n. 周末 加法记忆法:week(星期)+ end(结尾)= weekend;短语:at the weekend(在周末)、this weekend(这个周末)
part of /pɑ t v/ 短语 ……的一部分 减法记忆法:party(聚会)- y = part;例句:We are part of the family.
what /w t/ det. 多么,真,太 归纳记忆法:关联疑问词(what、where、who);短语:what a...(多么……);例句:What a clean house!
形容词 clean /kli n/ adj./v. 干净的;打扫 动词用法:clean the room(打扫房间);形容词用法:a clean desk(干净的桌子);例句:He is cleaning the window. The window is clean.
busy / b zi/ adj. 忙碌的 反义词:free(空闲的);短语:a busy weekend(忙碌的周末);例句:We have a busy weekend but feel happy.
nice /na s/ adj. 美好的,宜人的 短语:clean and nice(干净又美好);例句:Our home is clean and nice now.
重点短语
短语 中文释义 例句
do chores 做家务 Let's do some chores this Sunday.(这周日我们做些家务吧)
wash the dishes 洗碗 Bobby is washing the dishes in the kitchen.(博比正在厨房洗碗)
wash the clothes 洗衣服 Dad washes the clothes every Saturday.(爸爸每周六洗衣服)
make the bed 铺床 I make the bed after getting up.(我起床后铺床)
water the flowers 浇花 Su Yang is watering the flowers in the garden.(苏洋正在花园浇花)
cook lunch 做午饭 Mum is cooking lunch for the family.(妈妈正在给家人做午饭)
clean the table 擦桌子 After lunch, Mum cleans the table.(午饭后,妈妈擦桌子)
feed the cat 喂猫 I am feeding the cat now.(我现在正在喂猫)
sweep the floor 扫地 Can you sweep the floor for me (你能帮我扫地吗?)
half past + 钟点数 几点半 It's half past three. Let's do chores.(三点半了,我们做家务吧)
part of the family 家庭的一部分 We are part of the family, so we should help do chores.(我们是家庭的一部分,所以应该帮忙做家务)
at the weekend 在周末 We often do chores at the weekend.(我们经常在周末做家务)
clean and nice 干净又美好 Our home becomes clean and nice after doing chores.(做完家务后,我们的家变得干净又美好)
典型句型
句型结构 中文含义 教材例句 拓展例句
-What are you doing -I'm + 动词-ing形式 (+ 其他). 你正在做什么? 我正在……。 -Bobby, what are you doing -I'm washing the dishes. -What are you doing now -I'm sweeping the floor.
主语 + be动词 + 动词-ing形式 (+ 其他). 某人正在做某事。 Mum and Dad are doing chores. Su Yang is watering the flowers. My sister is cleaning the table. My brother is feeding the cat.
What (+ a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数! 多么……的(一个)……呀! What a clean house!(多么干净的房子呀!) What a busy weekend!(多么忙碌的周末呀!) What a nice garden!(多么漂亮的花园呀!)
It's + 时间. / It's + half past + 钟点数. 现在是……点。/ 现在是……点半。 It's half past twelve.(现在是十二点半。) It's seven o'clock. It's time to do chores.(七点了,该做家务了。)
We're part of the family, so we want to help. 我们是家庭的一部分,所以我们想帮忙。 We're part of the family, so we want to help. We're part of the team, so we want to work together.
We have a busy ..., but we all feel happy. 我们度过了一个忙碌的……,但我们都感觉很开心。 We have a busy weekend, but we all feel happy. We have a busy day, but we all feel happy.
语言目标
目标序号 具体内容
1 能说出家务相关的词汇(如chore、dish、water the flowers、wash the dishes)和短语
2 能运用现在进行时询问和描述正在进行的家务(What are you doing I'm doing...)
3 能运用what引导的感叹句赞美家务成果(What a clean house!)
4 能运用时间表达法(half past + 钟点数)描述做家务的时间
5 能制作家务表格,谈论自己和家人的家务分工,说出自己能做的家务
6 掌握字母y在单词中发/j/音的发音规则,能识别并朗读相关单词(you、yellow、yes)
7 培养热爱劳动的习惯,理解家务是家庭责任的一部分,体会分工协作的快乐
02 考点速记
考点1 现在进行时的用法(询问与回答)
【详解】现在进行时表示此时此刻正在进行的动作,核心结构:
询问句型:What + be动词(am/is/are)+ 主语 + doing
回答句型:主语 + be动词(am/is/are)+ 动词-ing形式 + 其他.
注意:be动词随主语变化(I→am、you→are、he/she/it→is、复数主语→are)。
【典例】
—What ______ you ______ (do) now —I'm washing the clothes.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
She ______ (water) the flowers in the garden now.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
—______ your dad ______ (clean) the table —Yes, he is.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
I'm making the bed.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ you doing
They are washing the dishes.(改为否定句)
They ______ ______ the dishes.
考点2 动词-ing形式的变化规则
【详解】动词变-ing形式是现在进行时的核心,规则如下:
一般情况:直接加-ing(work→working、wash→washing);
以不发音的e结尾:去e加-ing(dance→dancing、make→making);
重读闭音节(辅+元+辅):双写尾字母加-ing(swim→swimming、put→putting);
以ie结尾:变ie为y加-ing(lie→lying、die→dying)。
【典例】
wash → ______(现在分词) 2. make → ______(现在分词)
swim → ______(现在分词) 4. dance → ______(现在分词)
单项选择:My mother is ______ lunch now.( )
A. cook B. cooking C. cooks
考点3 what引导的感叹句
【详解】用于赞美事物,核心结构:What (+ a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数! / What + 形容词 + 不可数名词/可数名词复数!
注意:可数名词单数前需加a/an(元音音素开头用an),不可数名词(如water、food)和复数名词前不加a/an。
【典例】
______ a clean room!(补全感叹句)
______ delicious food!(补全感叹句)
单项选择:______ busy weekend it is!( )
A. What B. What a C. How
The garden is beautiful.(改为感叹句)
______ ______ beautiful garden!
The flowers are nice.(改为感叹句)
______ ______ nice flowers!
考点4 时间表达法(半点与整点)
【详解】
整点:It's + 钟点数 (+ o'clock)(o'clock可省略);
半点:It's + half past + 钟点数;
非整点(≤30分钟):It's + 分钟数 + past + 钟点数。
【典例】
三点半 → It's ______ ______ three.(补全表达)
七点整 → It's ______ o'clock.(补全表达)
四点二十分 → It's twenty ______ four.(补全表达)
It's half past six.(改为同义句)
It's ______ ______ six.
单项选择:It's ______ past eight. Let's go to school.( )
A. half B. a half C. an half
考点5 past与pass的辨析
【详解】
past:多作介词、形容词或名词,表“晚于、过去”(例:half past six 六点半、in the past 在过去);
pass:作动词,表“传递、经过”(例:pass the book 递书、pass the park 经过公园)。
【典例】
It's a quarter ______ nine.(past/pass)(选词填空)
Please ______ me the broom. I need to sweep the floor.(past/pass)(选词填空)
单项选择:He ______ the shop every morning.( )
A. past B. passes C. pass
改错:It's half pass seven.(找出错误并改正)
补全句子:______(经过)the post office and turn left.
考点6 but与and的辨析
【详解】
but:转折连词,连接意义相反或相对的分句(例:busy but happy 忙碌但开心);
and:并列连词,连接并列的概念、动作或状态(例:water the flowers and wash the dishes 浇花和洗碗)。
【典例】
We are tired, ______ we feel happy.(but/and)(选词填空)
I make the bed ______ feed the cat every morning.(but/and)(选词填空)
单项选择:She likes cooking, ______ she doesn't like washing dishes.( )
A. but B. and C. or
He is young, ______ he can do many chores.(but/and)(选词填空)
合并句子:I clean the table. My sister washes the dishes.(用and连接)
考点7 clean的动词与形容词用法
【详解】
动词:意为“打扫、清洁”,后接具体物品(例:clean the window 擦窗户);
形容词:意为“干净的”,与be动词搭配,描述人或事物的状态(例:The floor is clean 地板很干净)。
【典例】
Look! My brother is ______(clean)the room. The room is ______(clean)now.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
单项选择:The desk is ______. Let's ______ it.( )
A. clean;clean B. clean;cleaning C. cleaning;clean
She often ______(clean)her bedroom. It's always ______(clean).(用所给词的适当形式填空)
The window isn't ______(clean). Please ______(clean)it.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
补全句子:After ______(打扫)the floor, it becomes ______(干净的).
考点8 语音:字母y在单词中发/j/音
【详解】字母y发/j/时,发音要领:舌面抬起靠近硬腭,气流从窄缝中挤出,声带振动,发音短促轻快,类似中文“耶”的起始音。
本单元例词:you(你,你们)、yellow(黄色的)、yes(是;对)、young(年轻的)。
【典例】
找出画线部分发音不同的一项( )
A. you B. yellow C. fly D. yes
写出三个字母y发/j/音的新单词:、、______
朗读句子,标出含/j/音的单词:Yes, you can water the yellow flowers.
判断下列单词中字母y的发音是否相同(相同写S,不同写D):
① young 和 yes( ) ② you 和 fly( )
根据发音规则,补全单词:y______llow(黄色的)、y______ung(年轻的)
03 素养拓展
文化与劳动教育
中华传统文化中的家务智慧
《朱子家训》:“黎明即起,洒扫庭除,要内外整洁”,倡导清晨打扫庭院房屋,既维持环境整洁,更培养对家庭的责任与勤劳自律的品性。
二十四节气与家务:清明时节打扫房屋、晾晒被褥;大暑时节勤洗衣物、给花草浇水,顺应节气打理家务,传承古人理家巧思。
古诗里的家务温情:杜甫“老妻画纸为棋局,稚子敲针作钓钩”、范成大“童孙未解供耕织,也傍桑阴学种瓜”,记录家人共劳的温馨场景,体现劳动精神的代际传承。
劳动价值观
家务是家庭责任的一部分,家庭成员分工协作做家务,既能让家变得整洁美好,也能培养责任感、协作意识和动手能力,体会“劳动创造幸福”的道理。
英文谚语
Labor is the foundation of happiness.(劳动是幸福的基础)
Doing chores teaches responsibility.(做家务培养责任感)
A clean home is a happy home.(干净的家是幸福的家)
学习方法小贴士
词汇记忆:利用“分类记忆法”整理家务相关词汇,“变换字母记忆法”(fish→dish)、“加法记忆法”(week+end=weekend)强化记忆,结合家务场景联想(如看到碗想到wash the dishes)。
句型运用:模拟“家人分工做家务”的场景,用现在进行时对话(例:A: What are you doing B: I'm watering the flowers.),提升口语表达能力。
实践拓展:制作家庭家务表格,记录每天的家务分工和完成情况,结合单元主题践行劳动习惯,将语言学习与生活实践结合。
04 过关练习
一、单词拼写(每小题2分,共10分)
根据句意及首字母或中文提示,补全单词。
I often w______ the dishes after dinner.(洗)
It's half p______ seven. Let's make the bed.(过)
My sister is w______ the clothes now.(洗)
We do some c______ at home every weekend.(家务)
The house is clean and n______ after we do chores.(美好)
二、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分)
—What are you doing —I'm ______ the flowers.( )
A. water B. watering C. waters
It's half past twelve. It's time ______ lunch.( )
A. for B. to C. have
—What a ______ house! —Thank you. We clean it every day.( )
A. clean B. cleaning C. cleans
My mother is cooking lunch, ______ my father is washing the clothes.( )
A. but B. or C. and
Please ______ me the broom. I want to sweep the floor.( )
A. past B. pass C. give
We are part of the family, ______ we should help do chores.( )
A. so B. but C. or
—Is your brother ______ the table —No, he isn't. He's feeding the cat.( )
A. clean B. cleaning C. cleans
It's ______ past three. Let's water the flowers.( )
A. half B. a half C. an half
She ______ the floor every morning. Now she is ______ it.( )
A. sweep;sweeping B. sweeps;sweeping C. sweeps;sweep
—What do you do at the weekend —I ______ chores with my family.( )
A. do B. does C. doing
三、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分)
They are washing the clothes.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ they doing
I'm making the bed.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ making the bed
The room is clean.(改为感叹句)
______ ______ clean room!
It's half past four.(改为同义句)
It's four ______.
She is cooking lunch.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ lunch.
四、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分)
It's Sunday morning. My family and I are doing chores at home. We are part of the family, so we want to 1. ______.
My mother is 2. ______ lunch in the kitchen. She is good at cooking. My father is washing the clothes. He usually washes clothes on weekends. My sister is 3. ______ the flowers. The flowers are beautiful now. What am I doing I'm 4. ______ the table. After that, I will feed the cat.
We have a busy morning, 5. ______ we all feel happy. Our home is clean and nice.
A. help B. play C. watch
A. cook B. cooking C. cooks
A. watering B. water C. waters
A. clean B. cleaning C. cleans
A. and B. but C. or
五、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
A Happy Weekend
It's Saturday. My family has a busy but happy weekend. We are doing chores at home.
Mum is cooking lunch. She makes delicious food for us. Dad is washing the clothes. He says washing clothes is his job. My sister Su Yang is watering the flowers. She likes flowers very much. The flowers are yellow and nice. I'm Su Hai. I'm making the bed and feeding the cat. The cat is white. It's very cute.
After doing chores, our home is clean and nice. We sit together and eat lunch. We talk and laugh. It's a happy weekend for us.
根据短文内容,选择正确的答案。
What day is it ( )
A. Sunday. B. Saturday. C. Friday.
What is Mum doing ( )
A. Washing the clothes. B. Cooking lunch. C. Watering the flowers.
Who is watering the flowers ( )
A. Su Hai. B. Su Yang. C. Dad.
What does Su Hai do ( )
A. She makes the bed and feeds the cat. B. She cooks lunch. C. She washes the clothes.
How do they feel ( )
A. Tired. B. Sad. C. Happy.
六、书面表达(共20分)
请以“My Chores at Home”为题,写一篇短文,描述你在家做的家务。
要求:
运用本单元核心句型(What are you doing I'm doing...、I can...、It's...);
描述2-3件你常做的家务及做家务的时间,语句通顺,语法正确;
不少于5句话。
答案与解析
一、考点典例答案与解析
考点1 现在进行时的用法
are;doing
解析:主语you搭配be动词are,现在进行时用“be动词+doing”,故填are;doing。
is watering
解析:主语she是第三人称单数,be动词用is,water的现在分词是watering,故填is watering。
Is;cleaning
解析:一般疑问句将be动词is提前,clean的现在分词是cleaning,故填Is;cleaning。
What are
解析:对正在做的动作提问用What,主语you搭配are,故填What are。
aren't washing
解析:现在进行时的否定式在be动词后加not,are not缩写为aren't,故填aren't washing。
考点2 动词-ing形式的变化规则
washing 2. making 3. swimming 4. dancing
B
解析:现在进行时用“be动词+doing”,cook的现在分词是cooking,故选B。
考点3 what引导的感叹句
What 2. What 3. B
解析:busy weekend是“形容词+可数名词单数”,用What a,故选B。
What a 5. What
考点4 时间表达法
half past 2. seven 3. past 4. thirty past 5. A
解析:“半点”用half past,故选A。
考点5 past与pass的辨析
past 2. pass 3. B
解析:主语he是第三人称单数,动词用passes,故选B。
错误:pass → 改正:past
解析:“七点半”用half past seven,past是介词,故改pass为past。
Pass
考点6 but与and的辨析
but 2. and 3. A 4. but
I clean the table and my sister washes the dishes.
考点7 clean的动词与形容词用法
cleaning;clean 2. A 3. cleans;clean 4. clean;clean 5. cleaning;clean
考点8 语音:字母y在单词中发/j/音
C
解析:A选项you /ju /、B选项yellow / jel /、D选项yes /jes/ 中y发/j/,C选项fly /fla / 中y发/a /,故选C。
示例:young、yogurt、yard
含/j/音的单词:Yes、you、yellow
① S ② D
yellow、young
二、过关练习答案与解析
一、单词拼写
wash 2. past 3. washing 4. chores 5. nice
二、单项选择
B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. A
三、句型转换
What are 2. Are you 3. What a 4. thirty past 5. isn't cooking
四、完形填空
A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B
五、阅读理解
B 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C
六、书面表达(参考范文)
My Chores at Home
I often do chores at home on weekends. I can wash the dishes after dinner. Sometimes I water the flowers in the garden. Now, what am I doing I'm making the bed. It's half past eight in the morning. Doing chores makes our home clean and nice. I feel happy to help my family.
解析:
运用核心句型(I can...、What am I doing I'm doing...、It's...),符合要求;
描述了洗碗、浇花、铺床三件家务,包含做家务的时间,内容完整;
语句通顺,语法正确,满足不少于5句话的要求,突出“做家务”主题。