高考完形填空4个必备意识
语境意识
完形填空不同于单纯的词汇考查,它强调在真实语境中对语言的理解与运用。因此,考生必须具备良好的语境意识,能够全面把握文章的整体背景、情节发展、人物关系以及情感变化等要素。只有将空格所在的句子置于上下文中进行综合分析,才能选出最符合语境的答案。
【典例】 (2025 全国一卷节选)
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41 the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up.We had decided on key items for the 42 we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to 43 our supposedly important objects.That left a house still 44 with things that, while not particularly 45 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
41.A.painting over B.looking around
C.emptying out D.pulling down
42.A.hotel B.office
C.cottage D.apartment
43.A.store B.display
C.sell D.repair
44.A.covered B.decorated
C.stuffed D.equipped
45.A.conventional B.valuable
C.complicated D.tolerable
解题思路:节选部分的故事背景:在某个八月的午后,作者坐在厨房里,凝视着一个自婚礼后从未使用过的玻璃花瓶。
情节发展:作者夫妇卖掉住了23年的家,开始忙于清空这座充满家庭回忆的房子→物品处理(选定搬入城市公寓的关键物品;将能捐赠的物品捐出;租用场地储存自认为重要的物件)→剩余物品状况(房子里仍塞满了虽非特别贵重、但不该扔进垃圾填埋场的杂物,体现整理时的取舍困境)
通过以上故事背景和情节发展分析,将空格所在的句子联系上下文,进行综合分析,我们便能选出最符合语境的答案。
正确答案:41. C 42. D
43. A 44. C 45. B
词汇意识
词汇是完形填空的基础。考生不仅要熟练掌握常用词汇的基本含义,还应了解其常见搭配、词性转换、近义词与反义词的区别,以及在不同语境中的用法差异。这种词汇意识有助于在多个选项中做出精准辨析,提高选择的准确性。
【典例】 (2025 全国二卷节选)
...Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 45.healthy lifestyle, before discovering a 46.passion for weightlifting.
Since setting out on the journey, the 47 lover has not only managed to 48.grow an impressive set of muscles — but also a huge following on social media.
47.A.peace B.fitness
C.fun D.nature
解题思路:根据Ms Donohue began to work out和discovering a passion for weightlifting可知,Ms Donohue踏上了健身的旅程并爱上了举重,因此她是健身爱好者(fitness lover)。fitness是由形容词fit(健壮的;健康的)加后缀-ness构成的名词。
正确答案: B
逻辑意识
完形填空的文章结构通常严谨,句与句之间、段与段之间存在明确的逻辑关系,如因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系等。考生需具备清晰的逻辑思维能力,通过连接词或句子间的内在联系,推断出空格处应填的内容,从而避免仅凭直觉或局部信息作答。
【典例】 (2025 1月浙江卷节选)
The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom, as 50.opposed to a restaurant where the service is 51.impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to be no 52 .
“But it’s also a great 53 , for it can sometimes take days to 54.organise a single event,” Ribeiro said.“This platform is not only 55.reserved for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new experiences.”
52.A.surprise B.end
C.need D.problem
53.A.lesson B.pleasure
C.success D.challenge
解题思路:第52题和第53题需要理清上下文的逻辑关系才能选出正确选项。
第52题:根据上文的the menu is known in advance可推知,餐馆的菜单是提前知道的,所以整个用餐过程才毫无“惊喜”可言。上下文直接存在因果关系。
第53题:本段在说Ribeiro在家举办宴会活动的好的一面,根据空白处前的But可知,本句语意有转折,再根据后面介绍的原因for it can sometimes take days to 54.organise a single event可知,有时要花数天时间,可见此事也是一项“挑战”。
正确答案:52. A 53. D
整体意识
一篇完形填空是一个有机的整体,而不是孤立的句子集合。考生在解题时要树立整体观念,从文章的主题思想、篇章结构和作者意图出发,把握全文的主线和情感基调。不能只关注单个空格,而应结合上下文,做到“瞻前顾后”,确保所选答案在语义、逻辑和语气上都与整篇文章保持一致。做题时,一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答,读完全文后综合考量再做决断。
【典例】 (2022 全国甲卷节选)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
...
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together.It was a hot day.When we paused to catch our 48.breath, Steve got down on one knee.Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so 49.soon? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment, I began to fall for him.
...
A year later, much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to.That’s only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
60.A.toys B.awards
C.food D.water
解题思路:60题为语篇层次题,需要综合首段的提示信息及前文整个事件的发展脉络来解题。首段提出了一个观点:根据一个人如何对待他的狗,你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知,作者是一位动物爱好者,她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中,Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后,作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚,因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
正确答案: D
1 / 2(共22张PPT)
高考完形填空4个必备意识
目录
NO.1 语境意识
NO.2 词汇意识
NO.3 逻辑意识
NO.4 整体意识
NO.1 语境意识
完形填空不同于单纯的词汇考查,它强调在真实语境中对语
言的理解与运用。因此,考生必须具备良好的语境意识,能够全
面把握文章的整体背景、情节发展、人物关系以及情感变化等要
素。只有将空格所在的句子置于上下文中进行综合分析,才能选
出最符合语境的答案。
【典例】 (2025·全国一卷节选)
One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that
hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding.
My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy 41
the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up.We had decided
on key items for the 42 we were moving to in town, donated what
we could, and rented a place to 43 our supposedly important
objects.That left a house still 44 with things that, while not
particularly 45 , didn’t belong in a landfill (垃圾填埋场).
41. A. painting over B. looking around
C. emptying out D. pulling down
42. A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment
43. A. store B. display C. sell D. repair
44. A. covered B. decorated C. stuffed D. equipped
45. A. conventional B. valuable C. complicated D. tolerable
解题思路:节选部分的故事背景:在某个八月的午后,作者坐在厨房
里,凝视着一个自婚礼后从未使用过的玻璃花瓶。
情节发展:作者夫妇卖掉住了23年的家,开始忙于清空这座充满家庭
回忆的房子→物品处理(选定搬入城市公寓的关键物品;将能捐赠的
物品捐出;租用场地储存自认为重要的物件)→剩余物品状况(房子
里仍塞满了虽非特别贵重、但不该扔进垃圾填埋场的杂物,体现整理
时的取舍困境)
通过以上故事背景和情节发展分析,将空格所在的句子联系上下文,
进行综合分析,我们便能选出最符合语境的答案。
正确答案:41. C 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B
NO.2 词汇意识
词汇是完形填空的基础。考生不仅要熟练掌握常用词汇的基本含
义,还应了解其常见搭配、词性转换、近义词与反义词的区别,以及
在不同语境中的用法差异。这种词汇意识有助于在多个选项中做出精
准辨析,提高选择的准确性。
【典例】 (2025·全国二卷节选)
...Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work
out and follow a 45.healthy lifestyle, before discovering a 46.passion
for weightlifting.
Since setting out on the journey, the 47 lover has not only
managed to 48.grow an impressive set of muscles — but also a huge
following on social media.
47. A. peace B. fitness C. fun D. nature
解题思路:根据Ms Donohue began to work out和discovering a passion
for weightlifting可知,Ms Donohue踏上了健身的旅程并爱上了举重,
因此她是健身爱好者(fitness lover)。fitness是由形容词fit(健壮
的;健康的)加后缀-ness构成的名词。
正确答案: B
NO.3 逻辑意识
完形填空的文章结构通常严谨,句与句之间、段与段之间存在明
确的逻辑关系,如因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系等。考
生需具备清晰的逻辑思维能力,通过连接词或句子间的内在联系,推
断出空格处应填的内容,从而避免仅凭直觉或局部信息作答。
【典例】 (2025·1月浙江卷节选)
The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great
deal of freedom, as 50.opposed to a restaurant where the service is
51.impersonal, the menu is known in advance, and the meal is
expected to be no 52 .
“But it’s also a great 53 , for it can sometimes take days to
54.organise a single event,” Ribeiro said.“This platform is not only
55.reserved for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover
new experiences.”
52. A. surprise B. end C. need D. problem
53. A. lesson B. pleasure C. success D. challenge
解题思路:第52题和第53题需要理清上下文的逻辑关系才能选出正确
选项。
第52题:根据上文的the menu is known in advance可推知,餐馆的菜单
是提前知道的,所以整个用餐过程才毫无“惊喜”可言。上下文直接
存在因果关系。
第53题:本段在说Ribeiro在家举办宴会活动的好的一面,根据空白处
前的But可知,本句语意有转折,再根据后面介绍的原因for it can
sometimes take days to 54.organise a single event可知,有时要花数天时
间,可见此事也是一项“挑战”。
正确答案:52. A 53. D
NO.4 整体意识
一篇完形填空是一个有机的整体,而不是孤立的句子集合。考生
在解题时要树立整体观念,从文章的主题思想、篇章结构和作者意图
出发,把握全文的主线和情感基调。不能只关注单个空格,而应结合
上下文,做到“瞻前顾后”,确保所选答案在语义、逻辑和语气上都
与整篇文章保持一致。做题时,一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于
解答,读完全文后综合考量再做决断。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷节选)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
...
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together.It was a hot
day.When we paused to catch our 48.breath, Steve got down on one
knee.Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so 49.soon?
He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.
50.In that moment, I began to fall for him.
...
A year later, much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little
box with a ring and proposed to me.He did not kneel(跪) down, nor
did I 59.need him to.That’s only for giving 60 to the dogs that
brought us together.
60. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water
解题思路:60题为语篇层次题,需要综合首段的提示信息及前文整个
事件的发展脉络来解题。首段提出了一个观点:根据一个人如何对待
他的狗,你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知,作者是一位动物爱好
者,她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中,
Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后,作者欣然
接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚,因为作
者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝
水”才做的。
正确答案: D
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看