第二讲 凭借语言技能，追根溯源下的“完空”
完形填空的选材着重于价值引领与立德树人这一命题“金”线的落实。在命题“银”线方面，主要体现为对语言技能水平的测评。语言基础的扎实与否，直接关乎完形填空的答题成效。在解答完形填空时，可按“边读边填句内层次题→明意句群后，再填句组层次题→读完语篇，最后做语篇层次题，进行‘逐层完空’”的流程来解题。这就要求考生在做完完形填空题时，心中要始终有这三个层面，然后再确定用何种办法来解题，从而提高做题的准确度。
完形填空 三“完”其形——解题流程图示如下：
方法（一） 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确答案。
原词复现 【典例1】 （2023 全国乙卷节选） “I’m going to inspire so many people，” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did. 60.A.shine B.fly C.dance D.score 解题思路：利用原词复现解题。设空处后一句出现了关键词shine，对比四个选项可以根据原词复现快速确定答案。 正确答案： A
同义词复现 【典例2】 （2025 全国二卷节选） Evelyn Donohue is a 65－year－old grandma.She only started to 41 seven years ago after having a 42.wake－up call.She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues， which 43.ultimately led her to getting surgery.After that experience， she knew that she needed to make a 44.change.Determined to turn her life around， Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 45.healthy lifestyle， before discovering a 46.passion for weightlifting. 41.A.write B.travel C.exercise D.recover 解题思路：利用同义词复现解题。根据本段最后一句中的Ms Donohue began to work out可知，她开始锻炼。最后一句中的work out和选项exercise是同义词。 正确答案： C
反义词复现 【典例3】 （2024 全国甲卷节选） My childhood is quite 55 compared with hers.I am 56.grateful that I did not need to 57.go through the hardships like she did. 55.A.difficult B.complex C.happy D.similar 解题思路：利用反义词复现解题。根据空后的I am 56.grateful that I did not need to 57.go through the hardships like she did.可知，“我”的童年没有她经历的那些困难。由此可以推知，“我”的童年相比于她的童年应是非常幸福的（happy）。hardships和happy构成反义词复现。 正确答案： C
方法（二） 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析设空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
【典例】 （2023 1月浙江卷节选） ...Then， with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree， Ziyad began 47.climbing. He stopped every few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk. 49 ， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.Sitting on a branch， he 50.inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. 49.A.Finally B.Surprisingly C.Naturally D.Immediately 解题思路：利用逻辑关系解题。根据本空后的Ziyad got close to the hive可知，经过辛苦的尝试，最终，齐亚德已经到达离地面约20米的蜂巢。 正确答案： A
方法（三） 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 （2025 全国二卷节选） Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out， but she has proved the 54 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an 55.inspiration for many social media users. 54.A.instructors B.admirers C.beginners D.doubters 解题思路：利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据语境可知，健身路上Ms Donohue遭受了很多嘲笑，但她证明这些人是错的，这些嘲笑她的人自然也是质疑她的人（doubters）。 正确答案： D
方法（四） 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确的判断。
【典例】 （2024 全国甲卷节选） Born just before WWⅡ， my grandmother 43.experienced an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine.She did not have a chance to go to 44.school.Like in typical families， where boys were 45.favored much more than girls， my grandma had to stay at home to do 46 . 46.A.gardening B.homework C.business D.housework 解题思路：利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据语境可知，奶奶作为女孩在家里不受重视无法去学校上学；再根据生活常识可知，奶奶留在家里应该是做家务。 正确答案： D
方法（五） 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知空格的答案。
【典例】 （2022 全国乙卷节选） We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears.We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.Surprisingly， children replied that they couldn’t.The same 50.thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth： 51.Now children said that they couldn’t 52.speak to her. 49.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool 解题思路：利用对应成分分析法解题。分析句子结构可知，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。上句中的eyes or 48.ears与 49 or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见。 正确答案： A
方法（六） 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
我们也可以通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。
【典例】 （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷节选） During my first visit to Italy， I 42.struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 43 a sentence of Italian together， the locals smiled at me and 44.praised my language skills. 43. A.string B.hang C.mix D.match 解题思路：利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题。string ... together为固定搭配，意为“把……连在一起”。此处用来指作者努力把句子串起来。 正确答案： A
方法（七） 利用作者的情感态度解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者情感态度的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例】 （2024 新课标Ⅱ卷节选） ... After I made Italy my permanent home， I discovered how 46 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47.remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 48.acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home. 46. A.open－minded B.strong－willed C.warm－hearted D.well－informed 解题思路：利用作者的情感态度解题。根据下文kindness等情感词可推测，作者对意大利人持积极、赞扬的态度；再结合下文描述意大利人分享食物、下雨的时候提醒作者关车窗可知，此处强调意大利人的热心。 正确答案： C
方法（八） 利用首尾呼应关系解题
完形填空的语篇或段落存在上下文或首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段（或首句）和尾段（或尾句）信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。
【典例】 （2024 全国甲卷节选） One day， we had a family dinner.While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside， I was left alone in the 41.kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.42.As always， my grandmother would tell me stories about her childhood. … I’ve never faced the problem of 58.education.I guess our different childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing person to 59.talk to： her stories always make my history textbooks 60 . 60.A.come true B.come round C.come out D.come alive 解题思路：利用首尾呼应关系解题。文章首段提到“奶奶经常会给作者讲关于她童年的故事”，尾段则与其呼应，再次告诉我们“不同的童年背景使奶奶成为一个令人惊叹的聊天对象，她的故事总是让作者的历史教科书栩栩如生”。 正确答案： D 名师点津：完形填空往往采用首尾相呼应的手法，在文章结尾处升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾来解答此类题目。
A
（2025 浙江省强基联盟三模）It started like any normal day. My partner， Stewart， helped me out of bed. I 1 on my crutches （拐杖） as I made my way to the car， slowly and dangerously. All of a sudden， I 2 my footing and fell.
Not for the first time， Stewart was caught between concern and 3 . Wasn’t it time， he asked， for me to consider using a wheelchair？ Once again， I 4 the suggestion.
I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis （类风湿性关节炎） in my 20s. Over the following years， movement and mobility became more and more painful and challenging， but I was 5 to stay on my feet — to still be a “walking person”. But， slowly， walking unaided became impossible. The morning after my 6 ， the truth of what Stewart had been saying 7 me： trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further. My perspective 8 and I admitted what felt， at the time， like defeat. At 46， I started using the wheelchair. Suddenly， having been 9 ， here I was， a “disabled person”， sitting at the height of most people’s waists.
However， being more 10 disabled has had other silver linings， too. People are kind. And I often feel as if I am seeing the very best of human 11 .
Now， when I look at the wheelchair， I see the imprint of myself on it， how its shape has 12 me， and mine to it， and I feel greater 13 ： it is a part of me now.
Of course， I long to walk， but I am learning to live with my 14 . Using a wheelchair can be challenging， but it has also proved hugely 15 ； together， it feels as if we are starting a whole new adventure.
1.A.swung B.lived C.leaned D.hung
2.A.missed B.treated C.gained D.enjoyed
3.A.happiness B.frustration C.guilt D.relief
4.A.received B.considered C.appreciated D.rejected
5.A.unwilling B.determined C.frightened D.hesitant
6.A.fall B.success C.journey D.walk
7.A.excited B.escaped C.hit D.beat
8.A.remained B.shifted C.disappeared D.narrowed
9.A.bright B.reliable C.mean D.tall
10.A.mentally B.completely C.mildly D.visibly
11.A.history B.nature C.achievement D.activity
12.A.referred to B.belonged to C.adapted to D.turned to
13.A.acceptance B.burden C.distance D.objective
14.A.hobby B.dream C.disability D.talent
15.A.dominating B.amusing C.disturbing D.liberating
B
（2025 温州适应性考试）I love everything about our restaurant La Salle Rouge. In the kitchen， the crash of forks and knives hitting the heavy plates almost 1 Mom’s voice calling me. “Lainey？ Lai－ney!” 2 ， I look up to see my mother standing across the kitchen. “Homework？” Mom mouths the word， pointing to the side door. I roll my eyes — I 3 the thought of leaving the kitchen to 4 with my math homework in Mom’s office.
The restaurant has always been the 5 of our lives. At fourteen， I started being a vegetarian （素食者）， but Mom still found things to 6 me and taught me to be creative with vegetables and tofu. When I started high school thirty pounds heavier than everyone else in my class， Mom and I designed a 7 menu for La Salle Rouge， and Mom let me 8 tasty， low－calorie desserts， which became popular later. I 9 early on that this was the work I wanted to do.
It hardly seems 10 that I have to walk away from all of that just to do maths， but Mom says it’s smarter to have a backup 11 ， and she’s made me apply to colleges and check out business majors 12 I want to do anything else with my life. But I already know what I’m going to do when I graduate.
First， I’ll buy myself a set of knives， which is a must for the best chefs. The second thing is to get 13 — people would know my name and try my 14 . Now， all I have to do is finish my homework and get back into the 15 .
1.A.attracts B.drowns C.raises D.reduces
2.A.Sighing B.Choking C.Shaking D.Nodding
3.A.accept B.prefer C.change D.hate
4.A.wrestle B.argue C.experiment D.play
5.A.truth B.standard C.duty D.center
6.A.help B.feed C.save D.control
7.A.traditional B.romantic C.light D.diverse
8.A.cut down on B.come up with C.run out of D.get rid of
9.A.promised B.suggested C.decided D.predicted
10.A.fair B.possible C.strange D.enough
11.A.tool B.system C.plan D.design
12.A.as though B.now that C.in case D.even if
13.A.paid B.married C.fired D.discovered
14.A.books B.recipes C.routines D.products
15.A.kitchen B.school C.house D.office
第二讲 凭借语言技能，追根溯源下的“完空”
【随堂演练】
A
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者患类风湿性关节炎后行动不便，起初拒绝使用轮椅，摔倒后接受现实开始使用，后来感受到使用轮椅也有积极一面。
1.C 根据on my crutches可知，作者是依靠着拐杖行走。swung摇摆；leaned依靠。
2.A 根据and fell可知，作者没站稳才摔倒；miss one’s footing意为“失足”。
3.B 根据上文作者多次摔倒以及后文斯图尔特建议作者使用轮椅可推知，他是既关心作者又对作者不接受使用轮椅的建议感到沮丧。frustration沮丧；guilt内疚；relief宽慰。
4.D 根据Wasn’t it time， he asked， for me to consider using a wheelchair？可推知，作者再次拒绝了使用轮椅的建议。appreciated感激；rejected拒绝。
5.B 根据movement and mobility became more and more painful and challenging可知，尽管行动艰难，但作者决心继续站立行走。unwilling不愿意的；determined有决心的。
6.A 根据上文All of a sudden， I 2 my footing and fell.可知，作者摔倒后对自己的情况有了新的认识。
7.C 根据the truth of what Stewart had been saying可知，作者突然意识到斯图尔特说的是对的。hit使突然意识到；beat打败。
8.B 作者之前拒绝使用轮椅，坚持站立行走，但现在认识到trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further，可见作者的观点发生了转变。shifted转变；narrowed变窄。
9.D 根据上文I was 5 to stay on my feet — to still be a “walking person”可知，作者之前站立行走，身材挺拔，与现在sitting at the height of most people’s waists形成对比。bright明亮的；reliable可靠的；mean吝啬的。
10.D 根据上文可推知，作者坐在轮椅上，比别人矮了一截，很明显是残疾人了。mentally精神上地；mildly温和地；visibly明显地。
11.B 根据上文People are kind.可知，作者看到了人性美好的一面。nature本性；achievement成就。
12.C 根据imprint of myself on it可推知，作者在轮椅上留下的印记，轮椅的形状也适应了作者。refer to提及；belong to属于；adapt to适应。
13.A 根据it is a part of me now可知，作者接受了轮椅。acceptance接受；burden负担；objective目标。
14.C 根据上文可知，作者患类风湿性关节炎需要使用轮椅，所以是接受了自己的残疾。
15.D 根据it feels as if we are starting a whole new adventure可知，使用轮椅让作者开启了一场全新的冒险，给作者带来了自由的感觉。dominating占主导地位的；amusing有趣的；liberating自由的。
B
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自家餐馆“红色大厅”的热爱，以及作者在餐馆中的经历和未来的打算。
1.B 根据In the kitchen， the crash of forks and knives hitting the heavy plates可知，刀叉碰撞盘子的声音很大，几乎淹没了妈妈叫作者的声音。attracts吸引；drowns淹没。
2.A 根据下文I roll my eyes可知，作者翻了个白眼。由此可知，作者不太愿意去做妈妈说的事，所以是叹了口气。sigh叹气；choke窒息。
3.D 根据语境可知，作者翻了个白眼。由此可知，作者讨厌离开厨房去做数学作业。
4.A 根据上文可知，作者母亲喊作者去做作业，而作者翻了个白眼，讨厌离开厨房。由此可推知，此处指作者努力地做数学作业。wrestle with意为“努力处理”。
5.D 根据文章首句可推知，餐馆在作者生活中很重要，是生活的中心。truth真相；standard标准。
6.B 根据and taught me to be creative with vegetables and tofu可知，妈妈找适合作者吃的东西。
7.C 根据When I started high school thirty pounds heavier than everyone in my class可知，作者比班上的学生重30磅，所以此处指的是设计清淡且低热量的菜单。traditional传统的；romantic浪漫的；diverse多样的。
8.B 根据上文可知，作者比班上学生重30磅，母亲为此设计一份清淡的菜单。由此可推知，此处指的是母亲让作者想出美味的低热量甜点。cut down on减少；come up with想出；run out of用完；get rid of摆脱。
9.C 根据that this was the work I want to do可知，作者很早就决定了这就是自己想做的工作。
10.A 根据上文可知，作者更愿意在厨房也不愿去努力做数学题。由此可知，作者对餐馆的热爱。结合下文that I have to walk away from all of that just to do maths可知，此处指的是仅仅为了做数学题而远离餐馆似乎不太公平。
11.C 根据上文可知，作者早就决定从事厨师工作，结合backup可知，妈妈说的是有一个后备计划更明智。
12.C 根据句意可知，妈妈让作者申请大学并了解商务类专业，以防作者想做其他事情。
13.D 根据people would know my name可知，作者希望被人发现。fire解雇；discover发现。
14.B 根据上文First， I’ll buy myself a set of knives， which is a must for the best chefs.可知，作者想成为厨师，由此可推知，此处指的是人们会品尝作者做的菜。recipe食谱；routine常规。
15.A 根据上文可知，作者喜欢在餐馆工作，不愿意做作业。由此可推知，作者完成作业后想回到厨房。
7 / 7(共58张PPT)
第二讲 凭借语言技能，追根溯源下的“完空”
目录
探究突破
随堂演练
探究突破
完形填空的选材着重于价值引领与立德树人这一命题“金”线的
落实。在命题“银”线方面，主要体现为对语言技能水平的测评。语
言基础的扎实与否，直接关乎完形填空的答题成效。在解答完形填空
时，可按“边读边填句内层次题→明意句群后，再填句组层次题→读
完语篇，最后做语篇层次题，进行‘逐层完空’”的流程来解题。这
就要求考生在做完完形填空题时，心中要始终有这三个层面，然后再
确定用何种办法来解题，从而提高做题的准确度。
完形填空·三“完”其形——解题流程图示如下：
方法（一） 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反
义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使
整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章
的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来
选出正确答案。
原 词 复 现 【典例1】（2023·全国乙卷节选） “I’m going to inspire so many
people，” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did. 60.A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score 解题思路：利用原词复现解题。设
空处后一句出现了关键词shine，对
比四个选项可以根据原词复现快速
确定答案。答案： A
解题思路：利用原词复现
解题。设空处后一句出现
了关键词shine，对比四个
选项可以根据原词复现快
速确定答案。
正确答案： A
同 义
词 复
现 【典例2】 （2025·全国二卷节选）
Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma.She only started to 41 seven years ago after having a 42.wake-up call.She’d
been struggling with eating disorders and health issues， which 43.ultimately led her to getting surgery.After that experience， she knew that she needed to make a 44.change.Determined to turn her life around， Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a 45.healthy lifestyle， before discovering a 46.passion for weightlifting.
41.A. write B. travel C. exercise D. recover
解题思路：利用原词复现解题。设空处后一句出现了关键词shine，对比四个选项可以根据原词复现快速确定答案。
正确答案： A
反义词
复现 【典例3】 （2024·全国甲卷节选）
My childhood is quite 55 compared with hers.I am 56.grateful that I did not need to 57.go through the hardships like she did.
55.A. difficult B. complex
C. happy D. similar
解题思路：利用同义词复现解题。根据本段最后一句中的Ms Donohue began to work out可知，她开始锻炼。最后一句中的work out和选项exercise是同义词。
正确答案： C
方法（二） 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析设空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确
定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接
作用的短语，二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
【典例】 （2023·1月浙江卷节选）
...Then， with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end
around the trunk of a tree， Ziyad began 47.climbing. He stopped every
few minutes to move the 48.rope higher up the tree trunk.
49 ， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.Sitting on a branch， he 50.inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
49. A. Finally B. Surprisingly
C. Naturally D. Immediately
解题思路：利用逻辑关系解题。根据本空后的Ziyad got close to the
hive可知，经过辛苦的尝试，最终，齐亚德已经到达离地面约20米的
蜂巢。
正确答案： A
方法（三） 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向
和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们
通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 （2025·全国二卷节选）
Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out， but
she has proved the 54 wrong in the best possible way and has indeed
become an 55.inspiration for many social media users.
54. A. instructors B. admirers
C. beginners D. doubters
解题思路：利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据语境可知，健身路上Ms
Donohue遭受了很多嘲笑，但她证明这些人是错的，这些嘲笑她的人
自然也是质疑她的人（doubters）。
正确答案： D
方法（四） 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系
上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生
在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧
妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判
断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确的判断。
【典例】 （2024·全国甲卷节选）
Born just before WWⅡ， my grandmother 43.experienced an entirely
different childhood lifestyle from mine.She did not have a chance to go to
44.school.Like in typical families， where boys were 45.favored much
more than girls， my grandma had to stay at home to do 46 .
46. A. gardening B. homework
C. business D. housework
解题思路：利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据语境可知，奶奶作为
女孩在家里不受重视无法去学校上学；再根据生活常识可知，奶奶留
在家里应该是做家务。
正确答案： D
方法（五） 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻
辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根
据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，
从而推断出未知空格的答案。
【典例】 （2022·全国乙卷节选）
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own
eyes or 48.ears.We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the
adult.Surprisingly， children replied that they couldn’t.The same
50.thing happened when the adult covered her own mouth： 51.Now
children said that they couldn’t 52.speak to her.
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
解题思路：利用对应成分分析法解题。分析句子结构可知，第49题所
填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。上句中的eyes or 48.ears与 49 or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见。
正确答案： A
方法（六） 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
我们也可以通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结
构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
During my first visit to Italy， I 42.struggled to ask for directions or
order in a restaurant.But every time I tried to 43 a sentence of Italian
together， the locals smiled at me and 44.praised my language skills.
43. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match
解题思路：利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题。string ... together为
固定搭配，意为“把……连在一起”。此处用来指作者努力把句
子串起来。
正确答案： A
方法（七） 利用作者的情感态度解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细
找出能够反映作者情感态度的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、
副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助
我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
... After I made Italy my permanent home， I discovered how 46 Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47.remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 48.acts of kindness that make a new country feel like home.
46. A. open-minded B. strong-willed
C. warm-hearted D. well-informed
解题思路：利用作者的情感态度解题。根据下文kindness等情感词可
推测，作者对意大利人持积极、赞扬的态度；再结合下文描述意大利
人分享食物、下雨的时候提醒作者关车窗可知，此处强调意大利人的
热心。
正确答案： C
方法（八） 利用首尾呼应关系解题
完形填空的语篇或段落存在上下文或首尾呼应的关系，通过结合
首段（或首句）和尾段（或尾句）信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。
【典例】 （2024·全国甲卷节选）
One day， we had a family dinner.While the adults were busy with
their serious talk outside， I was left alone in the 41.kitchen to help my
grandmother wash dishes.42.As always， my grandmother would tell me
stories about her childhood.
…
I’ve never faced the problem of 58.education.I guess our different
childhood background is what makes my grandmother such an amazing
person to 59.talk to： her stories always make my history textbooks
60 .
60. A. come true B. come round
C. come out D. come alive
解题思路：利用首尾呼应关系解题。文章首段提到“奶奶经常会给作
者讲关于她童年的故事”，尾段则与其呼应，再次告诉我们“不同的
童年背景使奶奶成为一个令人惊叹的聊天对象，她的故事总是让作者
的历史教科书栩栩如生”。
正确答案： D
名师点津：完形填空往往采用首尾相呼应的手法，在文章结尾处升华
主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾来解答此类题目。
随堂演练
A
（2025·浙江省强基联盟三模）It started like any normal day. My
partner， Stewart， helped me out of bed. I 1 on my crutches （拐
杖） as I made my way to the car， slowly and dangerously. All of a
sudden， I 2 my footing and fell.
Not for the first time， Stewart was caught between concern
and 3 . Wasn’t it time， he asked， for me to consider using a
wheelchair？ Once again， I 4 the suggestion.
I was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis （类风湿性关节炎） in
my 20s. Over the following years， movement and mobility became more
and more painful and challenging， but I was 5 to stay on my feet —
to still be a “walking person”. But， slowly， walking unaided became
impossible. The morning after my 6 ， the truth of what Stewart had
been saying 7 me： trying to stay on my feet was disabling me
further. My perspective 8 and I admitted what felt， at the time，
like defeat. At 46， I started using the wheelchair. Suddenly， having
been 9 ， here I was， a “disabled person”， sitting at the height of most people’s waists.
However， being more 10 disabled has had other silver
linings， too. People are kind. And I often feel as if I am seeing the very
best of human 11 .
Now， when I look at the wheelchair， I see the imprint of myself on
it， how its shape has 12 me， and mine to it， and I feel greater
13 ： it is a part of me now.
Of course， I long to walk， but I am learning to live with
my 14 . Using a wheelchair can be challenging， but it has also
proved hugely 15 ； together， it feels as if we are starting a whole
new adventure.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者患类风湿
性关节炎后行动不便，起初拒绝使用轮椅，摔倒后接受现实开始使
用，后来感受到使用轮椅也有积极一面。
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者患类风湿
性关节炎后行动不便，起初拒绝使用轮椅，摔倒后接受现实开始使
用，后来感受到使用轮椅也有积极一面。
1. A. swung B. lived C. leaned D. hung
解析： 根据on my crutches可知，作者是依靠着拐杖行走。swung
摇摆；leaned依靠。
2. A. missed B. treated
C. gained D. enjoyed
解析： 根据and fell可知，作者没站稳才摔倒；miss one’s footing
意为“失足”。
√
√
3. A. happiness B. frustration
C. guilt D. relief
解析： 根据上文作者多次摔倒以及后文斯图尔特建议作者使用轮
椅可推知，他是既关心作者又对作者不接受使用轮椅的建议感到沮
丧。frustration沮丧；guilt内疚；relief宽慰。
√
4. A. received B. considered
C. appreciated D. rejected
解析： 根据Wasn’t it time， he asked， for me to consider using a
wheelchair？可推知，作者再次拒绝了使用轮椅的建议。appreciated感
激；rejected拒绝。
√
5. A. unwilling B. determined
C. frightened D. hesitant
解析： 根据movement and mobility became more and more painful
and challenging可知，尽管行动艰难，但作者决心继续站立行走。
unwilling不愿意的；determined有决心的。
6. A. fall B. success C. journey D. walk
解析： 根据上文All of a sudden， I 2 my footing and fell.可知，作者摔倒后对自己的情况有了新的认识。
√
√
7. A. excited B. escaped C. hit D. beat
解析： 根据the truth of what Stewart had been saying可知，作者突
然意识到斯图尔特说的是对的。hit使突然意识到；beat打败。
8. A. remained B. shifted
C. disappeared D. narrowed
解析： 作者之前拒绝使用轮椅，坚持站立行走，但现在认识到
trying to stay on my feet was disabling me further，可见作者的观点发生
了转变。shifted转变；narrowed变窄。
√
√
9. A. bright B. reliable C. mean D. tall
解析： 根据上文I was 5 to stay on my feet — to still be a “walking person”可知，作者之前站立行走，身材挺拔，与现在
sitting at the height of most people’s waists形成对比。bright明亮的；
reliable可靠的；mean吝啬的。
10. A. mentally B. completely
C. mildly D. visibly
解析： 根据上文可推知，作者坐在轮椅上，比别人矮了一截，很
明显是残疾人了。mentally精神上地；mildly温和地；visibly明显地。
√
√
11. A. history B. nature
C. achievement D. activity
解析： 根据上文People are kind.可知，作者看到了人性美好的一
面。nature本性；achievement成就。
12. A. referred to B. belonged to
C. adapted to D. turned to
解析： 根据imprint of myself on it可推知，作者在轮椅上留下的印
记，轮椅的形状也适应了作者。refer to提及；belong to属于；adapt to
适应。
√
√
13. A. acceptance B. burden
C. distance D. objective
解析： 根据it is a part of me now可知，作者接受了轮椅。acceptance接受；burden负担；objective目标。
14. A. hobby B. dream
C. disability D. talent
解析： 根据上文可知，作者患类风湿性关节炎需要使用轮椅，所
以是接受了自己的残疾。
√
√
15. A. dominating B. amusing
C. disturbing D. liberating
解析： 根据it feels as if we are starting a whole new adventure可知，
使用轮椅让作者开启了一场全新的冒险，给作者带来了自由的感觉。
dominating占主导地位的；amusing有趣的；liberating自由的。
√
B
（2025·温州适应性考试）I love everything about our restaurant
La Salle Rouge. In the kitchen， the crash of forks and knives hitting the
heavy plates almost 1 Mom’s voice calling me. “Lainey？ Lai-
ney！” 2 ， I look up to see my mother standing across the kitchen.
“Homework？” Mom mouths the word， pointing to the side door. I
roll my eyes — I 3 the thought of leaving the kitchen to 4 with
my math homework in Mom’s office.
The restaurant has always been the 5 of our lives. At fourteen，
I started being a vegetarian （素食者）， but Mom still found things
to 6 me and taught me to be creative with vegetables and tofu. When
I started high school thirty pounds heavier than everyone else in my
class， Mom and I designed a 7 menu for La Salle Rouge， and
Mom let me 8 tasty， low-calorie desserts， which became popular
later. I 9 early on that this was the work I wanted to do.
It hardly seems 10 that I have to walk away from all of that just
to do maths， but Mom says it’s smarter to have a backup 11 ， and
she’s made me apply to colleges and check out business majors 12 I
want to do anything else with my life. But I already know what I’m
going to do when I graduate.
First， I’ll buy myself a set of knives， which is a must for the best
chefs. The second thing is to get 13 — people would know my name
and try my 14 . Now， all I have to do is finish my homework and get
back into the 15 .
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自家餐馆
“红色大厅”的热爱，以及作者在餐馆中的经历和未来的打算。
1. A. attracts B. drowns
C. raises D. reduces
解析： 根据In the kitchen， the crash of forks and knives hitting the
heavy plates可知，刀叉碰撞盘子的声音很大，几乎淹没了妈妈叫作者
的声音。attracts吸引；drowns淹没。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对自家餐馆
“红色大厅”的热爱，以及作者在餐馆中的经历和未来的打算。
√
2. A. Sighing B. Choking
C. Shaking D. Nodding
解析： 根据下文I roll my eyes可知，作者翻了个白眼。由此可
知，作者不太愿意去做妈妈说的事，所以是叹了口气。sigh叹气；
choke窒息。
3. A. accept B. prefer C. change D. hate
解析： 根据语境可知，作者翻了个白眼。由此可知，作者讨厌离
开厨房去做数学作业。
√
√
4. A. wrestle B. argue
C. experiment D. play
解析： 根据上文可知，作者母亲喊作者去做作业，而作者翻了个
白眼，讨厌离开厨房。由此可推知，此处指作者努力地做数学作业。
wrestle with意为“努力处理”。
5. A. truth B. standard C. duty D. center
解析： 根据文章首句可推知，餐馆在作者生活中很重要，是生活
的中心。truth真相；standard标准。
√
√
6. A. help B. feed C. save D. control
解析： 根据and taught me to be creative with vegetables and tofu可知，妈妈找适合作者吃的东西。
7. A. traditional B. romantic
C. light D. diverse
解析： 根据When I started high school thirty pounds heavier than
everyone in my class可知，作者比班上的学生重30磅，所以此处指的
是设计清淡且低热量的菜单。traditional传统的；romantic浪漫的；
diverse多样的。
√
√
8. A. cut down on B. come up with
C. run out of D. get rid of
解析： 根据上文可知，作者比班上学生重30磅，母亲为此设计一
份清淡的菜单。由此可推知，此处指的是母亲让作者想出美味的低热
量甜点。cut down on减少；come up with想出；run out of用完；get rid
of摆脱。
√
9. A. promised B. suggested
C. decided D. predicted
解析： 根据that this was the work I want to do可知，作者很早就决定了这就是自己想做的工作。
√
10. A. fair B. possible
C. strange D. enough
解析： 根据上文可知，作者更愿意在厨房也不愿去努力做数学题。由此可知，作者对餐馆的热爱。结合下文that I have to walk away from all of that just to do maths可知，此处指的是仅仅为了做数学题而远离餐馆似乎不太公平。
11. A. tool B. system C. plan D. design
解析： 根据上文可知，作者早就决定从事厨师工作，结合backup
可知，妈妈说的是有一个后备计划更明智。
√
√
12. A. as though B. now that
C. in case D. even if
解析： 根据句意可知，妈妈让作者申请大学并了解商务类专业，
以防作者想做其他事情。
13. A. paid B. married
C. fired D. discovered
解析： 根据people would know my name可知，作者希望被人发现。fire解雇；discover发现。
√
√
14. A. books B. recipes
C. routines D. products
解析： 根据上文First， I’ll buy myself a set of knives， which is a
must for the best chefs.可知，作者想成为厨师，由此可推知，此处指
的是人们会品尝作者做的菜。recipe食谱；routine常规。
15. A. kitchen B. school
C. house D. office
解析： 根据上文可知，作者喜欢在餐馆工作，不愿意做作业。由此可推知，作者完成作业后想回到厨房。
√
√
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看
