提分策略五 求奇崛——3条途径，营造一波三折
俗话说：“文似看山不喜平。”平铺直叙的描写往往让人打不起精神，心生倦意；而悬念迭出的故事安排则让人欲罢不能。我们可通过图示来看一下“一波三折”式故事情节安排的重要性。
如何让文章做到起伏有悬念，可采用以下几条途径：
一、增加外部冲突
增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的达到故事高潮的方式。冲突带来紧迫感，将故事推向顶点。
1.人物之间的冲突
【示例】 （2025 全国一卷）As I stood at my brother’s doorstep， the words of apology caught in my throat.When he opened the door and saw me， his expression turned cold.“What are you doing here？” he uttered.
分析：站在哥哥家门前 —— 道歉的话语卡在喉咙（“我” 内心忐忑犹豫）—— 哥哥开门后表情冷漠质问来意（兄弟间矛盾未消，态度对立）。
2.人物与环境之间的冲突
【示例】 （2025 全国一卷）As I drove to my brother’s house， dark clouds hung low overhead.When I parked， a sudden downpour drenched me before I could grab the biscuits.Shivering on his porch， I knocked， water dripping from my clothes.
分析：“hung low” 形象地描绘出乌云低垂、压抑的状态；“drenched” 强调被雨水彻底浸透，突出雨势之急。
3.形势变得紧急，决策刻不容缓
【示例】 （2025 全国二卷） The classroom fell silent as all eyes focused on me， and my palms grew damp with sweat.I opened my mouth， but past memories of failed pronunciation corrections and the roar of laughter flashed through my mind.I knew if I stammered a quick response， I’d lose this chance to share my culture.
分析：在课堂讨论中被邀请解释名字含义（面临展示自我与文化的重要时刻）——教室瞬间安静，众人目光聚焦，掌心冒汗（外部环境压力与身体反应，凸显紧张氛围）——过往发音纠正失败及被嘲笑的记忆闪现（内心恐惧与不安被唤醒，产生退缩念头）——意识到含糊回应会错失分享文化的机会，却因害怕误解而犹豫（陷入两难境地，决策迫在眉睫）。
4.增加意外情节，营造困难境地
【示例】 The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds.Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.This time， she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.The next minute， the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.Jenna panicked.Thankfully， Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly.But the stove was a mess now.Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge.But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain.Jenna made him put his hand in cold water.Then she caught the smell of burning.Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
分析：锅太热了，面包片刻就变黑了（障碍1）——粥溢出，把火扑灭了（障碍2）——炉子一片狼藉（障碍3）——杰夫的手碰到了火炉，疼得大叫（障碍4）——锅里的面包又变黑了（障碍5）。
二、放大内心冲突
放大内心冲突（文中角色的内心斗争）有助于抓住读者的心，让读者感同身受，同时有助于增强故事的感染力。
【示例】 （2025 全国一卷）I realized it was me who was at fault.Standing before my brother’s door， my hand froze inches from the bell.Fear screamed at me to flee， but guilt and love for my brother held me fast.As the door creaked open， my heart pounded wildly， unsure if I’d find forgiveness or coldness.
分析：意识到自己有错（明确内心认知起点）——站在哥哥门前，手僵在门铃前（肢体动作表现出恐惧与犹豫）——恐惧驱使自己逃离，愧疚与亲情却将自己牢牢定住（两种强烈情绪的激烈对抗）——门吱呀打开，心跳狂乱，不知迎接自己的是原谅还是冷漠（未知结果带来的巨大心理压力，凸显内心冲突达到顶点）。
三、使用环境描写增加不确定性
充分利用环境描写可以烘托人物心情，增加表达效果。当故事中人物在遇到困难时，我们可以加大笔墨来描写故事环境。
【示例】 （2025 1月浙江卷）When Mr and Mrs Green returned， Kevin’s feet felt like lead as he approached their doorstep.The sky had turned a gloomy gray， and a cold wind whistled through the bare trees， adding to the tense atmosphere. “I ...I think I might have made a mistake，” he stammered， his voice trembling with doubt.
分析：凯文看到格林夫妇回家（面临解释情况的场景）——双脚如灌铅般沉重地走向门口（肢体表现出内心的沉重与犹豫）——天空阴沉、寒风呼啸（压抑的环境烘托出紧张不安的情绪）——声音颤抖着说出“我可能犯错了”（直接语言展现内心的自我怀疑与矛盾；通过环境与行为、语言描写，强化凯文对自己行为正确性的内心冲突）。
2 / 2(共14张PPT)
提分策略五
求奇崛——3条途径，营造一波三折
俗话说：“文似看山不喜平。”平铺直叙的描写往往让人打不起
精神，心生倦意；而悬念迭出的故事安排则让人欲罢不能。我们可通
过图示来看一下“一波三折”式故事情节安排的重要性。
如何让文章做到起伏有悬念，可采用以下几条途径：
一、增加外部冲突
增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的达到故事高潮的方式。冲突带来
紧迫感，将故事推向顶点。
1. 人物之间的冲突
【示例】 （2025·全国一卷）As I stood at my brother’s doorstep，
the words of apology caught in my throat.When he opened the door and
saw me， his expression turned cold.“What are you doing here？” he
uttered.
分析：站在哥哥家门前 —— 道歉的话语卡在喉咙（“我” 内心忐忑
犹豫）—— 哥哥开门后表情冷漠质问来意（兄弟间矛盾未消，态度对
立）。
2. 人物与环境之间的冲突
【示例】 （2025·全国一卷）As I drove to my brother’s house，
dark clouds hung low overhead.When I parked， a sudden downpour
drenched me before I could grab the biscuits.Shivering on his porch， I
knocked， water dripping from my clothes.
分析：“hung low” 形象地描绘出乌云低垂、压抑的状态；“drenched” 强调被雨水彻底浸透，突出雨势之急。
3. 形势变得紧急，决策刻不容缓
【示例】 （2025·全国二卷） The classroom fell silent as all eyes
focused on me， and my palms grew damp with sweat.I opened my
mouth， but past memories of failed pronunciation corrections and the
roar of laughter flashed through my mind.I knew if I stammered a quick
response， I’d lose this chance to share my culture.
分析：在课堂讨论中被邀请解释名字含义（面临展示自我与文化的重
要时刻）——教室瞬间安静，众人目光聚焦，掌心冒汗（外部环境压
力与身体反应，凸显紧张氛围）——过往发音纠正失败及被嘲笑的记
忆闪现（内心恐惧与不安被唤醒，产生退缩念头）——意识到含糊回
应会错失分享文化的机会，却因害怕误解而犹豫（陷入两难境地，决
策迫在眉睫）。
4. 增加意外情节，营造困难境地
【示例】 The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within
seconds.Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice
of bread.This time， she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to
shake.The next minute， the porridge boiled over and put out the
fire.Jenna panicked.Thankfully， Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas
quickly.But the stove was a mess now.Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so
they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge.But Jeff’s hand
touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain.Jenna made him put his
hand in cold water.Then she caught the smell of burning.Oh dear！ The
piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
分析：锅太热了，面包片刻就变黑了（障碍1）——粥溢出，把火扑
灭了（障碍2）——炉子一片狼藉（障碍3）——杰夫的手碰到了火
炉，疼得大叫（障碍4）——锅里的面包又变黑了（障碍5）。
二、放大内心冲突
放大内心冲突（文中角色的内心斗争）有助于抓住读者的心，让
读者感同身受，同时有助于增强故事的感染力。
【示例】 （2025·全国一卷）I realized it was me who was at
fault.Standing before my brother’s door， my hand froze inches from
the bell.Fear screamed at me to flee， but guilt and love for my brother
held me fast.As the door creaked open， my heart pounded wildly，
unsure if I’d find forgiveness or coldness.
分析：意识到自己有错（明确内心认知起点）——站在哥哥门前，手
僵在门铃前（肢体动作表现出恐惧与犹豫）——恐惧驱使自己逃离，
愧疚与亲情却将自己牢牢定住（两种强烈情绪的激烈对抗）——门吱
呀打开，心跳狂乱，不知迎接自己的是原谅还是冷漠（未知结果带来
的巨大心理压力，凸显内心冲突达到顶点）。
三、使用环境描写增加不确定性
充分利用环境描写可以烘托人物心情，增加表达效果。当故事中
人物在遇到困难时，我们可以加大笔墨来描写故事环境。
【示例】 （2025·1月浙江卷）When Mr and Mrs Green returned，
Kevin’s feet felt like lead as he approached their doorstep.The sky had
turned a gloomy gray， and a cold wind whistled through the bare trees，
adding to the tense atmosphere. “I ...I think I might have made a
mistake，” he stammered， his voice trembling with doubt.
分析：凯文看到格林夫妇回家（面临解释情况的场景）——双脚如灌
铅般沉重地走向门口（肢体表现出内心的沉重与犹豫）——天空阴
沉、寒风呼啸（压抑的环境烘托出紧张不安的情绪）——声音颤抖着
说出“我可能犯错了”（直接语言展现内心的自我怀疑与矛盾；通过
环境与行为、语言描写，强化凯文对自己行为正确性的内心冲突）。
THANKS
演示完毕 感谢观看
