2026寒假通用版小学英语小升初语法专项--句式

句 式
陈述句肯定句变否定句：（一找二加三改）
口诀：有be找be,有情找情，无be无情去求助。
找。
找句子中有无be动词( am ,is ,are ,was ,were),
情态动词（can / could ,may ,must ,will ,would 等）
加。
有be动词，情态动词，助动词，直接在其后加not；
没有的话，找句子的动词，在动词前加don't或doesn't
(第三人称单数，原来动词还原），didn't(过去式，原来动词还原）。
3.改。（some 变any.）
例如：
He is a student. →He isn’t a student.
He was a teacher before. →He wasn’t a teacher before.
He can play football well. →He can’t play football well.
I like apples. →I don’t like apples.
He likes apples. →He doesn’t like apples.
I liked apples before. →I didn’t like apples before.
not与其他词连在一起时，一般写为缩略形式，但am not不缩写。
常见缩略形式如下：
句式
is not = isn’t
are not = aren’t
was not = wasn’t
were not = weren’t
do not = don’t
does not = doesn’t
did not = didn’t
have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t
should not = shouldn’t
must not = mustn’t
need not = needn’t
can not = can’t
will not = won’
陈述句变一般疑问句：（一找，二提，三改）
找。
找句子中有无，be动词( am ,is ,are ,was ,were),
情态动词（can / could ,may ,must ,will ,would 等）
提。
有be动词，情态动词，将他们提前到句首。
无be 动词，情态动词，直接在句子开头加Do 或Does,Did其后动词 打回原形。
改。（大小写，some 变any, I/we 变you, my/our变 your）
例如：
He is kind. →Is he kind
I am a student. →Are you a student
Mike was thin before. →Was Mike thin before
I can sing. →Can you sing
I’d like some tomatoes. →Would you like some tomatoes
I go to school on foot. →Do you go to school on foot
He goes to school on foot. →Does he go to school on foot
I went to school on foot. →Did you go to school on foot
特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问）
步骤：
1.先把句子变成一般疑问句；
2.根据划线部分，提出相应问题，确定特殊疑问词；
3.将划线部分换成特殊疑问词，把特殊疑问词提到句首，后面照抄。
划线部分 特殊疑问句 示例
问人 Who He is my father. → Who is he
问谁的…… Whose It is Amy’s book. → Whose book is it
问时间 When What time I get up at six. → When do you get up It’s six o’clock. → What time is it
问位置 Where The boy is under the tree. → Where is the boy
问原因 Why I like summer because I can swim. → Why do you like summer
问选择 Which I liked the red pen. → Which pen do you like
问事、物 What This is an orange. → What is this I often watch TV. → What do you often do
问爱好 What I like singing and dancing. → What are your hobbies
问颜色 What colour The bag is black. → What colour is the bag
问星期 What day Today is Monday. → What day is today
问季节 Which What I like summer best. → Which season do you like best My favorite season is spring → What is your favorite season
问交通方式 How I go to school on foot. → How do you go to school
问年龄 How old My sister is 12 years old. → How old is your sister
问数量 How many There are ten apples on the tree. → How many apples are there on the tree
问价钱 How much The shoes are 60 yuan. → How much are the shoes
问体重 How heavy The girl is 35kg. → How heavy is the girl
问身高 How tall I’m 1.54 metres. → How tall are you
问时间长短 How long How long have you been to China → For 2 years. How long is the river → 50 kilometers.
问频率 How often How often does she read books → Twice a week.
祈使句
类别 形式 示例
肯定祈使句 ① 动词原形 Stand up.
② be +名词短语或形容词 ① Be a good boy. ② Be careful
③ let + 宾格 + 动词原形 Let me help you.
否定祈使句 Don’t+动词原形 Sit down, please. → Don’t sit down, please
Let + 宾语 + not to do sth. Let’s go to school. → Let’s not go to school.
No+动词ing No finishing. No swimming.
There be 句型
There is+可数单数/不可数+（地点）
There are+ 可数复数+（地点）
难点：就近原则
There is an egg and some apples on the table.
There are some apples and an egg on the table.
否定句：There be + not + 名词
一般疑问句：
Is / Are there + 某物/某人+某地
肯定回答：Yes,there is /are. 否定回答：No,there isn’t./aren’t.
特殊疑问句：
What + be动词 + 地点？
There is a kite in the tree.→ What’s in the tree (there通常省略)
将要有： there will be 或者 there is/are going to be
there be 表示“存在”；have 表示“拥有”