《直通名校》50分阅读提分练（三） 习题课件-高考英语二轮复习
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| 名称 | 《直通名校》50分阅读提分练（三） 习题课件-高考英语二轮复习 |
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| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 1.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-27 00:00:00 | ||
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(共42张PPT)
50分阅读提分练（三）
（建议用时35分钟）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
（2024·武汉调研）
Your hero could be a CNN Hero！
They’re your friends， your colleagues， your family members， or
maybe someone you read about.
They are CNN Heroes， each of whom shows how one person can truly
make a difference.
Again this year， CNN encourages you to tell us about these everyday
people changing the world — by nominating （提名） them at
. Taking a few minutes to share their story with us could
propel them to worldwide recognition. We will select Top 10 CNN Heroes of
2024， each of whom will receive a $10，000 prize.
It’s easy to nominate the person whose work you admire. But a
thoughtful， well-written nomination is essential to help yours stand out from
the thousands we receive. Here are some suggestions we hope will help you in
crafting your nomination for consideration as a 2024 CNN Hero.
·You don’t have to personally know the individual you nominate.
·Think about what makes your hero special. Ask yourself： What makes
my nominee unique？ What specific accomplishment has he or she achieved that
is truly remarkable？ What impact has his or her work had on others？
· Take a look at our nomination form. We suggest you review the
information requested about yourself， your nominee and his or her work before
filling out your submission.
·Tell us about your hero. Take your time and write from the heart.
Remember： What you share — in your own words — is the most important
factor in advancing a nomination for further consideration.
·We require either an email address or a telephone number so we may
quickly contact your nominee to obtain permission for consideration as a CNN
Hero.
·Please don’t nominate your hero more than once. One well-written
nomination is enough. We discourage campaigns in support of one or more
individuals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了美国CNN网站发起的一
项名为CNN Heroes的评选活动。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了美国CNN网站发起的一
项名为CNN Heroes的评选活动。
1. What will help a candidate stand out according to the text？（ ）
A. The number of votes.
B. The opinions from judges.
C. Your excellent nomination.
D. His/Her personal statement.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的But a thoughtful， well-written
nomination is essential to help yours stand out from the thousands we
receive.可知，文章强调推荐者精彩的推荐材料将会帮助被推荐者脱颖
而出。
√
2. What are you supposed to do if you want to take part in the event？（ ）
A. Fill in a form.
B. Write a short essay.
C. Tell some stories.
D. Answer some questions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三条建议Take a look at our nomination
form ... filling out your submission.可知，参与这项评选活动者必须根
据要求填写一份提名表格。
√
3. Which of the following is NOT encouraged？（ ）
A. Nominating more than one candidate.
B. Providing a person’s contact information.
C. Recommending a person more than once.
D. Recommending someone you don’t know.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一条建议Please don’t nominate your
hero more than once.可知，推荐者不能重复推荐同一个候选人。
√
B
（2024·福州质检）Sugar， protein and fat：
if you’re good at scanning those nutrition facts on
food and drinks packages， it’s thanks in large
part to Burkey Belser， who is a well-known American graphic designer （平面设计师）.But his work extended far beyond groceries.If you’ve noticed the Drug
Facts box on over-the-counter medicines seems to be like the food label，
that’s because Belser designed it as well.He also created the yellow
EnergyGuide box for home appliances.
Belser’s passion for design started at a young age.He studied at the
School of the Art Institute of Chicago and began a journey to become a graphic
designer.His exceptional talent and skill quickly gained recognition， earning
him numerous awards and accolades.
Belser’s work is seen on billions of products.The nutrition fact box has
been copied around the world.Creating the official food information box was a
complicated process， with input from business groups and health advocates，
along with Food and Drug Administration （FDA） experts.The design team
worked through 35 versions before the product came out， and it was a huge
success.“That is a masterpiece of information architecture， and quite a
victory for social responsibility，” commented one Italian designer.
The nutrition label reflects Americans’ evolving （演变） relationship
with food， shifting from an emphasis on vitamins and minerals to addressing
obesity （肥胖） and related conditions.Belser’s work not only made an
impact within the industry but also played a crucial role in effectively
communicating important messages to the public.
Speaking of his success， Belser said that luck had probably played a big
role.But he added，“I’d say the willingness to work hard sets the stage for
taking advantage of whatever luck comes your way.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Burkey Belser的平面设
计，它们革新了信息传播，反映了社会向健康意识和社会责任的转变。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Burkey Belser的平面设
计，它们革新了信息传播，反映了社会向健康意识和社会责任的转变。
4. What can we learn about Burkey Belser from Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. He worked in groceries.
B. He majored in medicine.
C. He designed package labels.
D. He updated home appliances.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Burkey Belser不仅设计
了食品和饮料营养成分标签，而且还设计了非处方药上的药物成分
表以及为家用电器制作了黄色能源指南标签，即Burkey Belser设计
了各种包装标签。
√
5. What does the underlined word “accolades” in Paragraph 2 mean？（ ）
A. Opportunities. B. Degrees.
C. Suggestions. D. Praises.
解析： 词义猜测题。分析第二段最后一句可知，现在分词短语
earning him numerous awards and accolades是结果状语，是他卓越的才华
和技能很快得到了认可所带来的结果。画线词accolades与awards并列。
由此推断，accolades的意思应该是“赞扬”或“美誉”。
√
6. What is the significance of Belser’s work？（ ）
A. It helps fight Americans’ obesity.
B. It improves the public’s eating habits.
C. It makes information easily accessible.
D. It promotes the food industry’s images.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的That is a masterpiece of
information architecture以及第四段最后一句可知，Burkey Belser的工作
在向公众有效传达产品重要信息方面发挥了至关重要的作用，也就是说
产品信息更容易被公众获取。
√
7. What was the key to Belser’s success？（ ）
A. His good luck.
B. His determination.
C. Public donation.
D. Business cooperation.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，谈到他的成功，Belser说
运气可能发挥了很大的作用。但他补充道：“我想说的是，努力工作的
意愿为利用好运气奠定了基础。”尤其根据转折词But后面的信息可
知，促使Belser成功的关键是他努力工作的意愿和决心。
【熟词生义】
address 熟义：n.地址 生义：v.设法解决，处理
例句：Your essay does not address the real issues.你的论文没有解决实质
问题。
C
（2024·福建适应性练习卷）Common water plants could provide a green
energy source.Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from
duckweed， one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants.Transferring such
plant oil into biodiesel （生物柴油） for transportation and heating could be a
big part of a more sustainable future.
For a new study， researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to
produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans.John Shanklin， a
biochemist， says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil
output in the next few years.
Unlike fossil fuels， which form underground， biofuels can be refreshed
faster than they are used.Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils， animal
fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do， but
there has been a recent negative view against them.This is partly because so
many crops now go into energy production rather than food；biofuels take up
more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land.
Duckweed， common on every continent but Antarctica， is among the
world’s most productive plants， and the researchers suggest it could be a
game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons.First， it grows
readily in water so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural
land.Second， duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into
the water.Third， Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major
biotechnological barrier.For the new study， Shanklin says， the researchers
added an oil-producing gene， “turning it on like a light switch” by
introducing a particular molecule （分子） only when the plant had finished
growing.Shanklin says， “If it replicates （自我复制） in other species —
and there’s no reason to think that it would not — this can solve one of our
biggest issues， which is how we can make more oil in more plants without
negatively affecting growth.”
To expand production to industrial levels， scientists will need to design
and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil —
a challenge， Shanklin says， because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop
without much existing infrastructure （基础设施）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浮萍能够提供绿色能量
来源，可能成为颠覆性可再生能源来源的原因以及现阶段存在的问题
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浮萍能够提供绿色能量
来源，可能成为颠覆性可再生能源来源的原因以及现阶段存在的问题等。
8. What can people get from duckweed first-hand？（ ）
A. Plant oil. B. Stable biodiesel.
C. Sustainable water. D. Natural heat.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，科学家们已经找到了
从浮萍中获得大量油的方法。也就是说，人们能够直接从浮萍中获得植
物油。first-hand直接地，第一手地。
√
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly convey？（ ）
A. Options for renewable energy.
B. Reasons for engineering genes.
C. The potential of the revolutionary energy source.
D. The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第四段中的it could be a game-changing
renewable energy source for three key reasons可知，本段主要讲述了浮萍
可能是一个颠覆性的可再生能源来源的三个原因，即“革命性能源来源
的潜力”。
√
10. What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant？（ ）
A. Industrial levels. B. Unique design.
C. Academic research. D. Basic facilities.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，为了将生产扩大到工业
水平，科学家们将需要设计和生产大规模的转基因植物种植基地，并
获得石油；这是一个挑战，因为浮萍是一种非主流作物，没有多少现
有的基础设施。据此推断，大批量生产这种植物的决定性因素是基础
设施。
√
11. What would be the best title for the text？（ ）
A. Duckweed Power
B. Duckweed Production
C. Genetic Engineering
D. Genetic Testing
√
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段讲到浮萍可以转化
为生物柴油；第二段讲到新研究表明浮萍的产油量比黄豆要大得
多；第三段讲到生物燃料比化石燃料更新得快；第四段讲到革命性
能源来源的潜力；最后一段讲到大规模利用浮萍产油的障碍。综上
可知，本文主要讲述了浮萍可以作为能源。因此A项（浮萍能量）
为本文最佳标题。
D
（2024·杭州质检）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through
its blowhole.Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril （鼻孔） slightly changed
by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at
sea.And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales， such
as sperm whales， have one hole， baleen whales （须鲸）， such as
humpback and Rice’s whales， have two.
Even among the baleen whales， the place of those nostrils differs.In some
species they are close together.In others， they are much further apart.In a
paper published in Biology Letters， Conor Ryan， a marine biologist at the
Scottish Association for Marine Science， suggests why that might be.Having
two nostrils， he argues， helps whales smell in stereo （立体声）.
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton （浮
游动物）， which they catch by filtering （过滤） them from seawater using
the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths.But to eat
something， you first have to find it.Toothed whales do not hunt by scent.In
fact， the olfactory bulb — the part of the brain that processes smell — is absent
in such creatures.But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs， which suggests
smell remains important.And scent can indeed give zooplankton
away.Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton （浮游
植物）.When these are under attack， they release a special gas called
dimethyl sulphide， which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses.Having two eyes， for instance，
allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive
depth.Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is
coming.Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the
same sorts of benefits.
The further apart the sensory organs are， the more information can be
extracted by the animal that bears them.The researchers used drones to
photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species.Sure
enough， baleen whales that often eat zooplankton， such as the North Atlantic
right whale， have nostrils that are further apart than do those， such as
humpback whales， that eat zooplankton occasionally.Besides allowing them to
breathe， it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which
direction dinner lies.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲸鱼鼻孔的数目、分布
位置以及鼻孔在捕食中发挥的作用等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲸鱼鼻孔的数目、分布
位置以及鼻孔在捕食中发挥的作用等。
12. What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two
paragraphs？（ ）
A. They have evolved.
B. They are developed merely for smell.
C. They are not easy to detect.
D. They are fixed universally in numbers.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，鲸鱼的呼吸孔其实
是鼻孔，它通过进化变成一种对在海上生活的哺乳动物更有用的形
态。也就是说，鲸鱼的呼吸孔是进化而来的。
√
13. What play（s） a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton？（ ）
A. The teeth that baleen whales have.
B. The smell that phytoplankton send.
C. The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D. The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，浮游动物喜欢吃叫
作浮游植物的微小生物。当浮游植物受到攻击时，它们会释放一种叫
做二甲硫的特殊气体，从而吸引须鲸。也就是说，浮游植物释放的气
体吸引须鲸捕食浮游动物。
√
14. How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. By quoting a theory. B. By giving examples.
C. By making contrast. D. By making inferences.
解析： 写作手法题。根据第四段中的for instance可知，本段是通过
举例来说明stereoscopic senses的。
√
15. What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph？
（ ）
A. The sense of smell.
B. The possibility to attract food.
C. The ability to locate food.
D. The ability to communicate.
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，经常吃浮游动物
的须鲸的鼻孔比偶尔吃浮游动物的鲸鱼的鼻孔间隔更远，一些鲸鱼似
乎还用它们的呼吸孔来确定晚餐的方向，即鼻孔的位置与找到食物的
能力相关。
【难句分析】
译文：许多类型的须鲸以被称为浮游动物的微小动物为食，它们用纤
维状的鲸须片从海水中过滤浮游动物，这些鲸须片已经取代了它们嘴
里的牙齿。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·贵阳适应性考试）Most of us have
been there：Families can be very difficult， and
family problems are very painful.16.（ ）
Life is too short for us to waste time bogged down with negativity towards the people you love.How you approach the family member and what you say can make a big difference.
Identify the real problem.17.（ ） Perhaps you are struggling with
health problems or personal problems that you have been hiding from your
family.Or maybe you are all grieving over a loved one who has passed
away.Consider the real issue at hand， as this will allow you to then better
address it.
Wait until you’re not angry to discuss this problem.Family problems
can be very painful， especially around family-centered times， like
holidays.18.（ ） Waiting allows you to approach the issue logically，
rather than emotionally.
19. （ ） Keep your language positive when you talk to your
family.Avoid using language that puts the blame on any of your family
members or that feels negative.Negativity is a vicious cycle.
Accept everyone’s faults， including your own.They say that blood is
thicker than water， and that you can choose your friends， but not your
family.20.（ ）
A. Avoid the blame game.
B. Accept blame when you deserve it.
C. Try to figure out what is indeed going on.
D. That means avoiding judgment words or name calling of the family member.
E. However， there are ways to solve family problems and restore peace to the
dynamics.
F. You might be able to cut people out， but it could cause you more pain down
the road.
G. You should take a step back and give yourself some time to think before
dealing with them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决家庭问题的方法。
16. E 上文陈述了我们大部分人都会遇到的家庭问题，下文则讲“生命太
短暂，我们不要把时间浪费在消极地面对你所爱的人上”。由此可知，设
空处应讲要去积极地解决这些问题。E项（然而，也有办法解决家庭问
题，使家庭互动恢复和谐）符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决家庭问题的方法。
17. C 根据本段的主旨句Identify the real problem.可知，本段主要讲要
确定问题的根源在哪里。C项（尽力弄清楚到底发生了什么）符合语境，
且能引出下文。
18. G 根据本段的主旨句Wait until you’re not angry to discuss this
problem.可知，本段主要讲要等到气消了再去处理家庭问题。上文讲家庭
问题可能令人痛苦，而下句则讲述了等待的好处，因此设空处应该是给出
等待的建议。G项（在处理问题之前，你应该退一步，给自己一些时间来
思考）符合语境。
20. F 本段的主旨句讲到了接受每个人的错误，包括你自己的，上文又讲
到了血浓于水，我们无法选择家人。由此推断，面对家人或自己犯错的情
况，要学会接受。F项讲到了不接受家人所犯错误，把家人排除在外的不
良后果，符合语境。
19. A 根据本段内容可知，和家人交流时要保持语言积极，不要责怪家
人。A项（避免互相指责）适合作本段的主旨句。
50分阅读提分练（三）
（建议用时35分钟）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳
选项。
A
（2024·武汉调研）
Your hero could be a CNN Hero！
They’re your friends， your colleagues， your family members， or
maybe someone you read about.
They are CNN Heroes， each of whom shows how one person can truly
make a difference.
Again this year， CNN encourages you to tell us about these everyday
people changing the world — by nominating （提名） them at
. Taking a few minutes to share their story with us could
propel them to worldwide recognition. We will select Top 10 CNN Heroes of
2024， each of whom will receive a $10，000 prize.
It’s easy to nominate the person whose work you admire. But a
thoughtful， well-written nomination is essential to help yours stand out from
the thousands we receive. Here are some suggestions we hope will help you in
crafting your nomination for consideration as a 2024 CNN Hero.
·You don’t have to personally know the individual you nominate.
·Think about what makes your hero special. Ask yourself： What makes
my nominee unique？ What specific accomplishment has he or she achieved that
is truly remarkable？ What impact has his or her work had on others？
· Take a look at our nomination form. We suggest you review the
information requested about yourself， your nominee and his or her work before
filling out your submission.
·Tell us about your hero. Take your time and write from the heart.
Remember： What you share — in your own words — is the most important
factor in advancing a nomination for further consideration.
·We require either an email address or a telephone number so we may
quickly contact your nominee to obtain permission for consideration as a CNN
Hero.
·Please don’t nominate your hero more than once. One well-written
nomination is enough. We discourage campaigns in support of one or more
individuals.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了美国CNN网站发起的一
项名为CNN Heroes的评选活动。
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章简要介绍了美国CNN网站发起的一
项名为CNN Heroes的评选活动。
1. What will help a candidate stand out according to the text？（ ）
A. The number of votes.
B. The opinions from judges.
C. Your excellent nomination.
D. His/Her personal statement.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第四段中的But a thoughtful， well-written
nomination is essential to help yours stand out from the thousands we
receive.可知，文章强调推荐者精彩的推荐材料将会帮助被推荐者脱颖
而出。
√
2. What are you supposed to do if you want to take part in the event？（ ）
A. Fill in a form.
B. Write a short essay.
C. Tell some stories.
D. Answer some questions.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三条建议Take a look at our nomination
form ... filling out your submission.可知，参与这项评选活动者必须根
据要求填写一份提名表格。
√
3. Which of the following is NOT encouraged？（ ）
A. Nominating more than one candidate.
B. Providing a person’s contact information.
C. Recommending a person more than once.
D. Recommending someone you don’t know.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一条建议Please don’t nominate your
hero more than once.可知，推荐者不能重复推荐同一个候选人。
√
B
（2024·福州质检）Sugar， protein and fat：
if you’re good at scanning those nutrition facts on
food and drinks packages， it’s thanks in large
part to Burkey Belser， who is a well-known American graphic designer （平面设计师）.But his work extended far beyond groceries.If you’ve noticed the Drug
Facts box on over-the-counter medicines seems to be like the food label，
that’s because Belser designed it as well.He also created the yellow
EnergyGuide box for home appliances.
Belser’s passion for design started at a young age.He studied at the
School of the Art Institute of Chicago and began a journey to become a graphic
designer.His exceptional talent and skill quickly gained recognition， earning
him numerous awards and accolades.
Belser’s work is seen on billions of products.The nutrition fact box has
been copied around the world.Creating the official food information box was a
complicated process， with input from business groups and health advocates，
along with Food and Drug Administration （FDA） experts.The design team
worked through 35 versions before the product came out， and it was a huge
success.“That is a masterpiece of information architecture， and quite a
victory for social responsibility，” commented one Italian designer.
The nutrition label reflects Americans’ evolving （演变） relationship
with food， shifting from an emphasis on vitamins and minerals to addressing
obesity （肥胖） and related conditions.Belser’s work not only made an
impact within the industry but also played a crucial role in effectively
communicating important messages to the public.
Speaking of his success， Belser said that luck had probably played a big
role.But he added，“I’d say the willingness to work hard sets the stage for
taking advantage of whatever luck comes your way.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Burkey Belser的平面设
计，它们革新了信息传播，反映了社会向健康意识和社会责任的转变。
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Burkey Belser的平面设
计，它们革新了信息传播，反映了社会向健康意识和社会责任的转变。
4. What can we learn about Burkey Belser from Paragraph 1？（ ）
A. He worked in groceries.
B. He majored in medicine.
C. He designed package labels.
D. He updated home appliances.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Burkey Belser不仅设计
了食品和饮料营养成分标签，而且还设计了非处方药上的药物成分
表以及为家用电器制作了黄色能源指南标签，即Burkey Belser设计
了各种包装标签。
√
5. What does the underlined word “accolades” in Paragraph 2 mean？（ ）
A. Opportunities. B. Degrees.
C. Suggestions. D. Praises.
解析： 词义猜测题。分析第二段最后一句可知，现在分词短语
earning him numerous awards and accolades是结果状语，是他卓越的才华
和技能很快得到了认可所带来的结果。画线词accolades与awards并列。
由此推断，accolades的意思应该是“赞扬”或“美誉”。
√
6. What is the significance of Belser’s work？（ ）
A. It helps fight Americans’ obesity.
B. It improves the public’s eating habits.
C. It makes information easily accessible.
D. It promotes the food industry’s images.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句中的That is a masterpiece of
information architecture以及第四段最后一句可知，Burkey Belser的工作
在向公众有效传达产品重要信息方面发挥了至关重要的作用，也就是说
产品信息更容易被公众获取。
√
7. What was the key to Belser’s success？（ ）
A. His good luck.
B. His determination.
C. Public donation.
D. Business cooperation.
√
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，谈到他的成功，Belser说
运气可能发挥了很大的作用。但他补充道：“我想说的是，努力工作的
意愿为利用好运气奠定了基础。”尤其根据转折词But后面的信息可
知，促使Belser成功的关键是他努力工作的意愿和决心。
【熟词生义】
address 熟义：n.地址 生义：v.设法解决，处理
例句：Your essay does not address the real issues.你的论文没有解决实质
问题。
C
（2024·福建适应性练习卷）Common water plants could provide a green
energy source.Scientists have figured out how to get large amounts of oil from
duckweed， one of nature’s fastest-growing water plants.Transferring such
plant oil into biodiesel （生物柴油） for transportation and heating could be a
big part of a more sustainable future.
For a new study， researchers genetically engineered duckweed plants to
produce seven times more oil per acre than soybeans.John Shanklin， a
biochemist， says further research could double the engineered duckweed’s oil
output in the next few years.
Unlike fossil fuels， which form underground， biofuels can be refreshed
faster than they are used.Fuels made from new and used vegetable oils， animal
fat and seaweed can have a lower carbon footprint than fossil fuels do， but
there has been a recent negative view against them.This is partly because so
many crops now go into energy production rather than food；biofuels take up
more than 100 million acres of the world’s agricultural land.
Duckweed， common on every continent but Antarctica， is among the
world’s most productive plants， and the researchers suggest it could be a
game-changing renewable energy source for three key reasons.First， it grows
readily in water so it wouldn’t compete with food crops for agricultural
land.Second， duckweed can grow fast in agricultural pollution released into
the water.Third， Shanklin and his team found a way to avoid a major
biotechnological barrier.For the new study， Shanklin says， the researchers
added an oil-producing gene， “turning it on like a light switch” by
introducing a particular molecule （分子） only when the plant had finished
growing.Shanklin says， “If it replicates （自我复制） in other species —
and there’s no reason to think that it would not — this can solve one of our
biggest issues， which is how we can make more oil in more plants without
negatively affecting growth.”
To expand production to industrial levels， scientists will need to design
and produce large-scale bases for growing engineered plants and obtaining oil —
a challenge， Shanklin says， because duckweed is a non-mainstream crop
without much existing infrastructure （基础设施）.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浮萍能够提供绿色能量
来源，可能成为颠覆性可再生能源来源的原因以及现阶段存在的问题
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了浮萍能够提供绿色能量
来源，可能成为颠覆性可再生能源来源的原因以及现阶段存在的问题等。
8. What can people get from duckweed first-hand？（ ）
A. Plant oil. B. Stable biodiesel.
C. Sustainable water. D. Natural heat.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，科学家们已经找到了
从浮萍中获得大量油的方法。也就是说，人们能够直接从浮萍中获得植
物油。first-hand直接地，第一手地。
√
9. What does Paragraph 4 mainly convey？（ ）
A. Options for renewable energy.
B. Reasons for engineering genes.
C. The potential of the revolutionary energy source.
D. The approach to avoiding agricultural pollution.
解析： 段落大意题。根据第四段中的it could be a game-changing
renewable energy source for three key reasons可知，本段主要讲述了浮萍
可能是一个颠覆性的可再生能源来源的三个原因，即“革命性能源来源
的潜力”。
√
10. What is the decisive factor to mass-produce the plant？（ ）
A. Industrial levels. B. Unique design.
C. Academic research. D. Basic facilities.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，为了将生产扩大到工业
水平，科学家们将需要设计和生产大规模的转基因植物种植基地，并
获得石油；这是一个挑战，因为浮萍是一种非主流作物，没有多少现
有的基础设施。据此推断，大批量生产这种植物的决定性因素是基础
设施。
√
11. What would be the best title for the text？（ ）
A. Duckweed Power
B. Duckweed Production
C. Genetic Engineering
D. Genetic Testing
√
解析： 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，第一段讲到浮萍可以转化
为生物柴油；第二段讲到新研究表明浮萍的产油量比黄豆要大得
多；第三段讲到生物燃料比化石燃料更新得快；第四段讲到革命性
能源来源的潜力；最后一段讲到大规模利用浮萍产油的障碍。综上
可知，本文主要讲述了浮萍可以作为能源。因此A项（浮萍能量）
为本文最佳标题。
D
（2024·杭州质检）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through
its blowhole.Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril （鼻孔） slightly changed
by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at
sea.And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales， such
as sperm whales， have one hole， baleen whales （须鲸）， such as
humpback and Rice’s whales， have two.
Even among the baleen whales， the place of those nostrils differs.In some
species they are close together.In others， they are much further apart.In a
paper published in Biology Letters， Conor Ryan， a marine biologist at the
Scottish Association for Marine Science， suggests why that might be.Having
two nostrils， he argues， helps whales smell in stereo （立体声）.
Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton （浮
游动物）， which they catch by filtering （过滤） them from seawater using
the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths.But to eat
something， you first have to find it.Toothed whales do not hunt by scent.In
fact， the olfactory bulb — the part of the brain that processes smell — is absent
in such creatures.But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs， which suggests
smell remains important.And scent can indeed give zooplankton
away.Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton （浮游
植物）.When these are under attack， they release a special gas called
dimethyl sulphide， which in turn attracts baleen whales.
Most animals have stereoscopic senses.Having two eyes， for instance，
allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive
depth.Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is
coming.Dr Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the
same sorts of benefits.
The further apart the sensory organs are， the more information can be
extracted by the animal that bears them.The researchers used drones to
photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species.Sure
enough， baleen whales that often eat zooplankton， such as the North Atlantic
right whale， have nostrils that are further apart than do those， such as
humpback whales， that eat zooplankton occasionally.Besides allowing them to
breathe， it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which
direction dinner lies.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲸鱼鼻孔的数目、分布
位置以及鼻孔在捕食中发挥的作用等。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鲸鱼鼻孔的数目、分布
位置以及鼻孔在捕食中发挥的作用等。
12. What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two
paragraphs？（ ）
A. They have evolved.
B. They are developed merely for smell.
C. They are not easy to detect.
D. They are fixed universally in numbers.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，鲸鱼的呼吸孔其实
是鼻孔，它通过进化变成一种对在海上生活的哺乳动物更有用的形
态。也就是说，鲸鱼的呼吸孔是进化而来的。
√
13. What play（s） a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton？（ ）
A. The teeth that baleen whales have.
B. The smell that phytoplankton send.
C. The sound waves that zooplankton create.
D. The chemical signals that zooplankton give off.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知，浮游动物喜欢吃叫
作浮游植物的微小生物。当浮游植物受到攻击时，它们会释放一种叫
做二甲硫的特殊气体，从而吸引须鲸。也就是说，浮游植物释放的气
体吸引须鲸捕食浮游动物。
√
14. How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in Paragraph 4？（ ）
A. By quoting a theory. B. By giving examples.
C. By making contrast. D. By making inferences.
解析： 写作手法题。根据第四段中的for instance可知，本段是通过
举例来说明stereoscopic senses的。
√
15. What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph？
（ ）
A. The sense of smell.
B. The possibility to attract food.
C. The ability to locate food.
D. The ability to communicate.
√
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，经常吃浮游动物
的须鲸的鼻孔比偶尔吃浮游动物的鲸鱼的鼻孔间隔更远，一些鲸鱼似
乎还用它们的呼吸孔来确定晚餐的方向，即鼻孔的位置与找到食物的
能力相关。
【难句分析】
译文：许多类型的须鲸以被称为浮游动物的微小动物为食，它们用纤
维状的鲸须片从海水中过滤浮游动物，这些鲸须片已经取代了它们嘴
里的牙齿。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·贵阳适应性考试）Most of us have
been there：Families can be very difficult， and
family problems are very painful.16.（ ）
Life is too short for us to waste time bogged down with negativity towards the people you love.How you approach the family member and what you say can make a big difference.
Identify the real problem.17.（ ） Perhaps you are struggling with
health problems or personal problems that you have been hiding from your
family.Or maybe you are all grieving over a loved one who has passed
away.Consider the real issue at hand， as this will allow you to then better
address it.
Wait until you’re not angry to discuss this problem.Family problems
can be very painful， especially around family-centered times， like
holidays.18.（ ） Waiting allows you to approach the issue logically，
rather than emotionally.
19. （ ） Keep your language positive when you talk to your
family.Avoid using language that puts the blame on any of your family
members or that feels negative.Negativity is a vicious cycle.
Accept everyone’s faults， including your own.They say that blood is
thicker than water， and that you can choose your friends， but not your
family.20.（ ）
A. Avoid the blame game.
B. Accept blame when you deserve it.
C. Try to figure out what is indeed going on.
D. That means avoiding judgment words or name calling of the family member.
E. However， there are ways to solve family problems and restore peace to the
dynamics.
F. You might be able to cut people out， but it could cause you more pain down
the road.
G. You should take a step back and give yourself some time to think before
dealing with them.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决家庭问题的方法。
16. E 上文陈述了我们大部分人都会遇到的家庭问题，下文则讲“生命太
短暂，我们不要把时间浪费在消极地面对你所爱的人上”。由此可知，设
空处应讲要去积极地解决这些问题。E项（然而，也有办法解决家庭问
题，使家庭互动恢复和谐）符合语境。
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决家庭问题的方法。
17. C 根据本段的主旨句Identify the real problem.可知，本段主要讲要
确定问题的根源在哪里。C项（尽力弄清楚到底发生了什么）符合语境，
且能引出下文。
18. G 根据本段的主旨句Wait until you’re not angry to discuss this
problem.可知，本段主要讲要等到气消了再去处理家庭问题。上文讲家庭
问题可能令人痛苦，而下句则讲述了等待的好处，因此设空处应该是给出
等待的建议。G项（在处理问题之前，你应该退一步，给自己一些时间来
思考）符合语境。
20. F 本段的主旨句讲到了接受每个人的错误，包括你自己的，上文又讲
到了血浓于水，我们无法选择家人。由此推断，面对家人或自己犯错的情
况，要学会接受。F项讲到了不接受家人所犯错误，把家人排除在外的不
良后果，符合语境。
19. A 根据本段内容可知，和家人交流时要保持语言积极，不要责怪家
人。A项（避免互相指责）适合作本段的主旨句。