50分阅读提分练（二）
（建议用时35分钟）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·昆明“三诊一模”）Lighting is a key design feature in your home and deserves consideration， whether it’s to brighten up a dull corner or you’re planning a full renovation （翻新）.Here， we put the spotlight on four key lighting design layers and how you can use them to capture every room of your home in its best light.
General lighting
Think of general lighting as the background layer that casts an even illumination （照明） throughout a room， most commonly from your ceiling lights.As these are often the main source of light for a room， it’s wise to have flexible options depending on the time of day， or desired brightness to suit the mood and the room’s purpose at the time.
Ambient （氛围的） lighting
Ambient lighting is the layer that adds warmth and softness to your space.Think the lamp belt under the kitchen bench， or the floor lamp in the corner.Use ambient lighting where you want to encourage rest and comfort， such as living spaces and bedrooms.
Task lighting
The next layer to consider is task lighting for more practical uses.These are brighter， are designed to illuminate workplaces， and are also used for study areas， home offices， bedside tables and reading corners.
Accent lighting
Accent lighting is placed to create a specific light effect， such as downlights or spotlights to highlight artworks， and wash lights against walls.The layering of accent lighting can be used to highlight architectural details and it is an artful way to create focus and play with light in your space.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。照明是家居设计的一个关键特征。文章讲述了如何设计照明让家中每个房间都有最佳光线。
1.What is the major function of general lighting？（ ）
A.Brightening the dark corner.
B.Refreshing the surroundings.
C.Lighting up the entire room.
D.Adding warmth and softness.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据General lighting中的casts an even illumination （照明） throughout a room可知，普通照明的主要功能就是照亮整个房间。
2.Where is task lighting usually placed？（ ）
A.Beside the study table.
B.Under the kitchen bench.
C.In the middle of the ceiling.
D.On the wall of the hallway.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据Task lighting中的are also used for study areas， home offices， bedside tables and reading corners可知，任务照明灯用于学习区、家庭办公室、床头柜和阅读角落。因此任务照明灯通常会放在学习桌旁边。
3.Which lighting can highlight a focus artfully？（ ）
A.General lighting. B.Ambient lighting.
C.Task lighting. D.Accent lighting.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据Accent lighting中的highlight architectural details and it is an artful way to create focus and play with light in your space可知，重点照明是一种用于突出建筑细节同时在空间中创造焦点和玩转光线的巧妙方式。
【熟词生义】
accent 熟义：n.口音；腔调 生义：n.着重点；强调
例句：The accent is on participation.
重点是参与。
B
（2024·吉林模拟）It wasn’t until after I graduated from college， and realized that there’s no such thing as all-encompassing （包罗万象的） knowledge， that I was able to read for pleasure.A sense of curiosity directed me and I started to see dictionaries as field guides to the life of language.Looking up words felt less like a failing than an admission that there are lots of things I don’t know and an opportunity to discover just how many.
I prize my 1954 copy of Webster’s New International Dictionary， Second Edition.I often consult it， during evening games of Scrabble or midday magazine reading.When I come across unfamiliar words while reading novels， I look them up.When I start encountering these words elsewhere， the linguistic （语言的） universe seems to shrink to the size of a small town.
Dictionaries heighten my senses：They direct my attention into a conversation with language.They make me wonder what other things I’m blind to because I haven’t taught myself to notice them yet.Recently spotted examples include “orrery” — a mechanical model， usually clockwork， devised to represent the motions of the moon and Earth （and sometimes also other planets ） around the sun.The Oxford English Dictionary （OED） also tells me that the word comes from the fourth Earl of Orrery， for whom a copy of the first machine was made， around 1700.Useful？Obviously not.Satisfying？ Deeply.
Web browsers answer questions with more questions， opening up pages you never asked for.But a dictionary builds on common knowledge， using simple words to explain complex ones.Using one feels as if I’m prying open an oyster （蚝） rather than falling down a rabbit hole.Why leave solvable mysteries up to guesswork？
For me， dictionaries are a door into that kind of uncalculated knowledge-seeking.They remind me that following your curiosity instead of brushing it aside is one of the best ways I know to feel connected to more than what’s right in front of you.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。词典是通往求知的一扇门。通过查阅词典，作者发现自己对世界的了解不断加深，知识也不断丰富。
4.What can we know about the author？（ ）
A.He merely read for fun before graduation.
B.He longed to learn about all knowledge.
C.He considered dictionaries chances of enrichment.
D.He admitted being a failure when learning languages.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，作者认为查单词是承认自己有很多不知道的事情，是一次发现自己到底有多少不知道的事情的机会，即一次充实自我的机会。
5.Why does the author mention the example of “orrery” in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.To introduce a word.
B.To indicate a finding.
C.To clarify a concept.
D.To support a statement.
解析：D 目的意图题。通读第三段可知，第一、二句陈述了作者对词典的观点，a mechanical model ...around the sun是对orrery的解释，随后作者提到词典还告诉了自己关于这一单词的来源。由此推断，作者提到orrery是为了佐证自己的陈述。
6.What does the underlined part “falling down a rabbit hole” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（ ）
A.Encountering new problems.
B.Entering a different world.
C.Acquiring essential common sense.
D.Simplifying tough questions.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前的rather than可知，画线部分与prying open an oyster的意思相反，句中的one指代上文的a dictionary，所以prying open an oyster指的是上文对词典的描述using simple words to explain complex ones，而画线部分则对应上文中对网页浏览器的描述answer questions with more questions。
7.According to the passage， which of the following can best describe dictionaries？（ ）
A.Jaw-dropping. B.Eye-opening.
C.Mind-numbing. D.Labour-saving.
解析：B 推理判断题。最后一段第一句提到“对我来说，词典是一扇通往浩瀚知识海洋的大门”。再结合第一段最后一句可知，查单词能让作者发现自己到底有多少不知道的事情。由此推断，作者认为词典可以让人大开眼界。
【熟词生义】
prize 熟义：n.奖励 生义：v.珍视
例句：That’s an era when honesty was prized above all other virtues.
那是一个尊诚实为美德之首的年代。
C
（2024·武汉调研）The greatest irony （讽刺） of the world-wide celebrations held in 2012 to honour the 200th anniversary （周年纪念） of the first edition of the Grimms’ Kinder-und Hausm rchen involves the discovery that most people really don’t know the original Grimms’ tales published in two volumes in 1812 and 1815.
If we return to take a closer look at the first edition， we’ll find it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from oral tradition and preserve them for future generations.
When Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm began collecting all kinds of folk tales and songs at the beginning of the 19th century， what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were located in the past， while modern literature， even though it might be remarkably rich， was artificial and thus could not express the genuine quality of folk culture that originated naturally from people’s experiences and bound the people together.Broadly speaking， the Grimms sought to collect and preserve ancient things consisting of tales， songs and documents.They intended to demonstrate how natural language， originating from the needs and customs of the common people， created genuine bonds and helped form civilized communities.
Turning to the first edition， a reader might notice that， totally unlike the final edition of 1857， the first edition collects more genuine folk tales， keeping spoken and raw contents， despite the fact that the language is not as pleasing as that in later revised versions.For instance， Snow White’s mother， not her stepmother， wants to kill the beautiful girl out of envy.The storytellers do not beat about the bush and they tell the truths they know engaging people to learn from symbols how to engage their realities， even though magic， incredible transformation and cruelty are involved.
Lastly， the Grimms’ little-known first edition reveals forgotten voices that are actually deep within us.Therefore， the irresistibility of the Grimms’ tales are that really not theirs， but ours.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述2012年举行的纪念《格林童话》出版200周年的活动揭开的很多不为人知的秘密。
8.According to the author， why should we rediscover the Grimms’ first edition？（ ）
A.To explore its origin.
B.To appreciate its significance.
C.To honour its 200th anniversary.
D.To remember the Brothers Grimm.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，作者认为：重新研究《格林童话》的初版可以让我们意识到这本书是如何鼓舞全欧洲的民间文化学者去收集口语传统中的故事并为后代保护它们的。也就是说，通过重新探索这本书可以意识到这本书的重要性。
9.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（ ）
A.The quality of the folk culture.
B.The contents of the first edition.
C.The feature of the old German literature.
D.The motivation of the Grimms collecting tales.
解析：D 段落大意题。根据第三段中的what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were located in the past和最后一句可知，本段主要讲述了格林兄弟最初收集古老德国文学故事的原因和他们打算展现的内容，也就是他们的最初动机。
10.What can we learn about Snow White in the first edition？（ ）
A.It is loosely based on the folk tale.
B.It instructs readers to integrate into life.
C.It is appealing for its beautiful language.
D.It exposes envy and cruelty of the stepmother.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的they tell the truths they know ...incredible transformation and cruelty are involved可知，他们讲述他们所知道的真相，让人们从象征中学习如何融入现实，即使其中涉及魔法、难以置信的转变和残忍，即初版中的《白雪公主》指导读者融入生活。
11.What can we infer about the Brothers Grimm from the text？（ ）
A.They were collectors of antiques.
B.They kept their style in later editions.
C.They thought highly of modern literature.
D.They were pioneers in preserving folk culture.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，《格林童话》的初版让我们意识到这本书是如何鼓舞全欧洲的民间文化学者去收集口语传统中的故事并为后代保护它们的。据此可以推断，格林兄弟是保护民间文化的先驱者。
【难句分析】
译文：当雅各布·格林和威廉·格林（格林兄弟）在19世纪初开始收集各种各样的民间故事和歌曲时，吸引他们专注于古老德国文学的是一种信念，即最自然和纯粹的文化形式存在于过去，而现代文学，即使它可能非常丰富，但它是人工的，因此不能表达自然源于人民的经验并将人民联系在一起的民间文化的真正特质。
D
（2024·济南模拟）A new study reveals that pigeons can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence， enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans.Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy， involving a trial-and-error approach， which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use.To examine it， Brandon Turner， a psychology professor at The Ohio State University， and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study， the pigeons were presented with various visual images， including lines of different widths and angles， and different types of rings.The pigeons had to peck （啄） a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.If they got it correct， they received food；if they were wrong， they received nothing.Results showed that， through trial and error， the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks， increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning， which is linking two phenomena with each other.For example， it is easy to understand the link between “water” and “wet”.“Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do，” Turner said.But that’s exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use：associative learning and error correction.And， like the pigeons， the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers.For humans， the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the tasks easier.But in this case， there were no rules， which upsets humans.
“What’s interesting， though， is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans，” Turner said.“We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence；at the same time， we regard pigeons as not clever animals，” he said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学家发现鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些复杂的问题。文章主要介绍了研究的过程和相关科学家对研究的评论。
12.What is the purpose of the new study？（ ）
A.To test a theory.
B.To evaluate a model.
C.To employ a strategy.
D.To involve an approach.
解析：A 目的意图题。根据第一段可知，Brandon Turner和他的同事之所以展开新的研究，是为了验证之前研究提出的理论。
13.What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment？（ ）
A.Draw circles. B.Correct errors.
C.Copy gestures. D.Identify images.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，科学家们希望鸽子可以按动左右按钮来确认图像所属的类别，也就是说，科学家们希望鸽子能够识别图像。
14.What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study？（ ）
A.They are of equal intelligence.
B.They are good at making rules.
C.They respond rapidly to orders from humans.
D.They employ simple ways to get things done.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use可知，研究人员的人工智能模型也使用了鸽子使用的简单方法来处理相同的任务。这是二者的共同之处。
15.What can be a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Pigeons’ Trial-and-error Method Is Revealed
B.Pigeons Outperform Humans in Tough Tasks
C.“Not Smart” Pigeons May Be as Smart as AI
D.AI Models After Pigeons’ Learning Approach
解析：C 标题归纳题。根据文章首句和最后一段中的We celebrate how smart we are ...we regard pigeons as not clever animals可知，本文首尾呼应，都讲到了我们认为不怎么聪明的鸽子可以像人工智能一样去解决问题。因此C项（“不怎么聪明的”鸽子和人工智能一样聪明）适合作本文的标题。
【难句分析】
译文：一项新的研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，使它们解决一些人类也难以解决的困难任务成为可能。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·郑州质量预测）We all want to know what happiness means and try to find ways to help make our lives better.Happiness — you know it when you see it， but it’s hard to define.You might call it a sense of wellbeing， optimism or meaningfulness in life， although those could also be treated separately.16.（ ）， we know that we want it， and that is just somehow good.
We also know that we don’t always have control over our happiness.Research suggests that genetics may play a big role in our level of happiness， so some of us may start out at a disadvantage.On top of that， environmental factors can bring down mood and dry up our thirst for living.17.（ ）.Many studies have found a connection between psychological and physical wellbeing.
A 2022 review of more than 200 studies found a connection between positive psychological features， such as happiness， optimism and life satisfaction， and a lowered risk of heart disease.
18.（ ）.If you have a good sense of wellbeing， it’s easier to maintain good habits：exercising， eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep.
19.（ ）， and they do not provide hard evidence of cause and effect.But some researchers believe that positive mental states do have a direct effect on the body， perhaps by reducing damaging physical processes.For instance， they found that optimism is associated with lower levels of inflammation （炎症）.
If what you mean by happiness is specifically “enjoyment of life”， there’s newer evidence to support that， too.A study in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that people aged 60 and over who said they enjoyed life less were more likely to develop disability over an 8-year period.20.（ ）.This study does not prove that physical problems are caused by less enjoyment of life， but suggests a relationship.
A.But whatever happiness really is
B.It might take more work if your mood is low
C.For now these studies can only show associations
D.That refers to the person， and the situation he or she is in
E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life
F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind
G.It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”， though
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章是对如何追求幸福、保持幸福的研究。
16.A 上文讲幸福是什么很难定义，下文讲我们知道我们想要它。A项（但不管幸福到底是什么）符合语境。
17.F 上文讲基因和环境因素都可能会影响我们的幸福指数，下文讲许多研究已经发现了心理健康和身体健康之间的联系。F项（管理我们的情绪对我们的身心都很重要）承上启下。
18.G 上一段讲积极的心理特征和较低的心脏病得病率之间有联系。G项（不过，这并不像“你必须保持快乐来预防心脏病发作”那么简单）与上文形成转折关系，且能引出下文的如果你有良好的幸福感，你就更容易保持好的习惯。
19.C 根据下文中的they do not provide hard evidence ...But some researchers believe可知，设空处讲的应该也是研究。C项中的these studies指代上文中的200 studies。结合下半句可知，这些研究只能够证明心理健康和身体健康之间的联系。
20.E 根据本段首句中的happiness is specifically “enjoyment of life”可知，本段主要讲对幸福的狭义理解，即幸福就是享受生活。设空处前后讲的都与享受生活有关。E项（能够四处旅行也与享受生活有关）承接上文的enjoyed life，并引出下文的enjoyment of life。
9 / 1050分阅读提分练（二）
（建议用时35分钟）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2024·昆明“三诊一模”）Lighting is a key design feature in your home and deserves consideration， whether it’s to brighten up a dull corner or you’re planning a full renovation （翻新）.Here， we put the spotlight on four key lighting design layers and how you can use them to capture every room of your home in its best light.
General lighting
Think of general lighting as the background layer that casts an even illumination （照明） throughout a room， most commonly from your ceiling lights.As these are often the main source of light for a room， it’s wise to have flexible options depending on the time of day， or desired brightness to suit the mood and the room’s purpose at the time.
Ambient （氛围的） lighting
Ambient lighting is the layer that adds warmth and softness to your space.Think the lamp belt under the kitchen bench， or the floor lamp in the corner.Use ambient lighting where you want to encourage rest and comfort， such as living spaces and bedrooms.
Task lighting
The next layer to consider is task lighting for more practical uses.These are brighter， are designed to illuminate workplaces， and are also used for study areas， home offices， bedside tables and reading corners.
Accent lighting
Accent lighting is placed to create a specific light effect， such as downlights or spotlights to highlight artworks， and wash lights against walls.The layering of accent lighting can be used to highlight architectural details and it is an artful way to create focus and play with light in your space.
1.What is the major function of general lighting？（ ）
A.Brightening the dark corner.
B.Refreshing the surroundings.
C.Lighting up the entire room.
D.Adding warmth and softness.
2.Where is task lighting usually placed？（ ）
A.Beside the study table.
B.Under the kitchen bench.
C.In the middle of the ceiling.
D.On the wall of the hallway.
3.Which lighting can highlight a focus artfully？（ ）
A.General lighting. B.Ambient lighting.
C.Task lighting. D.Accent lighting.
B
（2024·吉林模拟）It wasn’t until after I graduated from college， and realized that there’s no such thing as all-encompassing （包罗万象的） knowledge， that I was able to read for pleasure.A sense of curiosity directed me and I started to see dictionaries as field guides to the life of language.Looking up words felt less like a failing than an admission that there are lots of things I don’t know and an opportunity to discover just how many.
I prize my 1954 copy of Webster’s New International Dictionary， Second Edition.I often consult it， during evening games of Scrabble or midday magazine reading.When I come across unfamiliar words while reading novels， I look them up.When I start encountering these words elsewhere， the linguistic （语言的） universe seems to shrink to the size of a small town.
Dictionaries heighten my senses：They direct my attention into a conversation with language.They make me wonder what other things I’m blind to because I haven’t taught myself to notice them yet.Recently spotted examples include “orrery” — a mechanical model， usually clockwork， devised to represent the motions of the moon and Earth （and sometimes also other planets ） around the sun.The Oxford English Dictionary （OED） also tells me that the word comes from the fourth Earl of Orrery， for whom a copy of the first machine was made， around 1700.Useful？Obviously not.Satisfying？ Deeply.
Web browsers answer questions with more questions， opening up pages you never asked for.But a dictionary builds on common knowledge， using simple words to explain complex ones.Using one feels as if I’m prying open an oyster （蚝） rather than falling down a rabbit hole.Why leave solvable mysteries up to guesswork？
For me， dictionaries are a door into that kind of uncalculated knowledge-seeking.They remind me that following your curiosity instead of brushing it aside is one of the best ways I know to feel connected to more than what’s right in front of you.
4.What can we know about the author？（ ）
A.He merely read for fun before graduation.
B.He longed to learn about all knowledge.
C.He considered dictionaries chances of enrichment.
D.He admitted being a failure when learning languages.
5.Why does the author mention the example of “orrery” in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.To introduce a word.
B.To indicate a finding.
C.To clarify a concept.
D.To support a statement.
6.What does the underlined part “falling down a rabbit hole” in Paragraph 4 refer to？（ ）
A.Encountering new problems.
B.Entering a different world.
C.Acquiring essential common sense.
D.Simplifying tough questions.
7.According to the passage， which of the following can best describe dictionaries？（ ）
A.Jaw-dropping.
B.Eye-opening.
C.Mind-numbing.
D.Labour-saving.
C
（2024·武汉调研）The greatest irony （讽刺） of the world-wide celebrations held in 2012 to honour the 200th anniversary （周年纪念） of the first edition of the Grimms’ Kinder-und Hausm rchen involves the discovery that most people really don’t know the original Grimms’ tales published in two volumes in 1812 and 1815.
If we return to take a closer look at the first edition， we’ll find it was this edition that inspired scholars of folk culture throughout Europe to gather tales from oral tradition and preserve them for future generations.
When Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm began collecting all kinds of folk tales and songs at the beginning of the 19th century， what attracted them to concentrate on old German literature was a belief that the most natural and pure forms of culture were located in the past， while modern literature， even though it might be remarkably rich， was artificial and thus could not express the genuine quality of folk culture that originated naturally from people’s experiences and bound the people together.Broadly speaking， the Grimms sought to collect and preserve ancient things consisting of tales， songs and documents.They intended to demonstrate how natural language， originating from the needs and customs of the common people， created genuine bonds and helped form civilized communities.
Turning to the first edition， a reader might notice that， totally unlike the final edition of 1857， the first edition collects more genuine folk tales， keeping spoken and raw contents， despite the fact that the language is not as pleasing as that in later revised versions.For instance， Snow White’s mother， not her stepmother， wants to kill the beautiful girl out of envy.The storytellers do not beat about the bush and they tell the truths they know engaging people to learn from symbols how to engage their realities， even though magic， incredible transformation and cruelty are involved.
Lastly， the Grimms’ little-known first edition reveals forgotten voices that are actually deep within us.Therefore， the irresistibility of the Grimms’ tales are that really not theirs， but ours.
8.According to the author， why should we rediscover the Grimms’ first edition？（ ）
A.To explore its origin.
B.To appreciate its significance.
C.To honour its 200th anniversary.
D.To remember the Brothers Grimm.
9.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（ ）
A.The quality of the folk culture.
B.The contents of the first edition.
C.The feature of the old German literature.
D.The motivation of the Grimms collecting tales.
10.What can we learn about Snow White in the first edition？（ ）
A.It is loosely based on the folk tale.
B.It instructs readers to integrate into life.
C.It is appealing for its beautiful language.
D.It exposes envy and cruelty of the stepmother.
11.What can we infer about the Brothers Grimm from the text？（ ）
A.They were collectors of antiques.
B.They kept their style in later editions.
C.They thought highly of modern literature.
D.They were pioneers in preserving folk culture.
D
（2024·济南模拟）A new study reveals that pigeons can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence， enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans.Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem-solving strategy， involving a trial-and-error approach， which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans’ reliance on selective attention and rule use.To examine it， Brandon Turner， a psychology professor at The Ohio State University， and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study， the pigeons were presented with various visual images， including lines of different widths and angles， and different types of rings.The pigeons had to peck （啄） a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged.If they got it correct， they received food；if they were wrong， they received nothing.Results showed that， through trial and error， the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks， increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning， which is linking two phenomena with each other.For example， it is easy to understand the link between “water” and “wet”.“Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do，” Turner said.But that’s exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers’ AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use：associative learning and error correction.And， like the pigeons， the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers.For humans， the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the tasks easier.But in this case， there were no rules， which upsets humans.
“What’s interesting， though， is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans，” Turner said.“We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence；at the same time， we regard pigeons as not clever animals，” he said.
12.What is the purpose of the new study？（ ）
A.To test a theory.
B.To evaluate a model.
C.To employ a strategy.
D.To involve an approach.
13.What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment？（ ）
A.Draw circles. B.Correct errors.
C.Copy gestures. D.Identify images.
14.What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study？（ ）
A.They are of equal intelligence.
B.They are good at making rules.
C.They respond rapidly to orders from humans.
D.They employ simple ways to get things done.
15.What can be a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Pigeons’ Trial-and-error Method Is Revealed
B.Pigeons Outperform Humans in Tough Tasks
C.“Not Smart” Pigeons May Be as Smart as AI
D.AI Models After Pigeons’ Learning Approach
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·郑州质量预测）We all want to know what happiness means and try to find ways to help make our lives better.Happiness — you know it when you see it， but it’s hard to define.You might call it a sense of wellbeing， optimism or meaningfulness in life， although those could also be treated separately.16.（ ）， we know that we want it， and that is just somehow good.
We also know that we don’t always have control over our happiness.Research suggests that genetics may play a big role in our level of happiness， so some of us may start out at a disadvantage.On top of that， environmental factors can bring down mood and dry up our thirst for living.17.（ ）.Many studies have found a connection between psychological and physical wellbeing.
A 2022 review of more than 200 studies found a connection between positive psychological features， such as happiness， optimism and life satisfaction， and a lowered risk of heart disease.
18.（ ）.If you have a good sense of wellbeing， it’s easier to maintain good habits：exercising， eating a balanced diet and getting enough sleep.
19.（ ）， and they do not provide hard evidence of cause and effect.But some researchers believe that positive mental states do have a direct effect on the body， perhaps by reducing damaging physical processes.For instance， they found that optimism is associated with lower levels of inflammation （炎症）.
If what you mean by happiness is specifically “enjoyment of life”， there’s newer evidence to support that， too.A study in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that people aged 60 and over who said they enjoyed life less were more likely to develop disability over an 8-year period.20.（ ）.This study does not prove that physical problems are caused by less enjoyment of life， but suggests a relationship.
A.But whatever happiness really is
B.It might take more work if your mood is low
C.For now these studies can only show associations
D.That refers to the person， and the situation he or she is in
E.Being able to travel around was also related to enjoyment of life
F.To manage our emotions is important for both our body and mind
G.It’s not as simple as “you must be happy to prevent heart attacks”， though
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