第三讲 主旨大意题——把握文脉明主题
主旨大意题是阅读理解中最难的题目，因为该类题目不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要从文章中提炼、提取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。因此，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完、读懂文章后再作判断，建议学生将此类题目放到最后来做。
一、主旨大意题命题特征
（一）熟知题型特点与设问方式
1.命题解读
（1）主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容的深层次理解、概括能力，它要求在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
（2）标题归纳题要求学生选出文章的最佳标题，文章大意题和段落大意题考查文章或段落的主旨大意。
2.题型特点
（1）把握主旨大意题常见的设问方式
What is the best title for the text？
What is the passage mainly about？
Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
Which is the most suitable title for the text？
What is the first paragraph mainly about？
（2）掌握主旨大意题的考查角度
①标题归纳题、文章大意题；
②段落大意题。
（二）明了主旨大意题的正确选项和干扰选项的特征
正确选项 特征 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 2.确定的范围恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。 3.精确性强，不会改变原文语言表意的程度及感彩。 4.含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。
干扰 选项 特征 以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或文章内容的某一个方面
主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛，超出了文章实际所讨论的内容
断章取义 以次要的事实或细节代替全文的主要观点
无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖
二、破解3类主旨大意题
类型（一） 标题归纳题
标题归纳题要求在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：概括性强，言简而意赅；精准性强，不改变原文的意义和感彩；覆盖性强，能概括全文内容并提炼文章主旨。
理解标题的3大特点
巧用3大方法确定文章标题
1.正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。
2.反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们作标题写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除不符选项。
3.研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等，排除过于具体化、细节化、绝对化的选项。
【典例】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读D篇）
The Stanford marshmallow （棉花糖） test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat， selected by the child， was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat， they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We’re not tempted （诱惑） by sugary treats， but by our computers， phones， and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world， and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us， dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories， we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago， and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor， so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded （轰炸） with new information.Therefore， just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption， we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption， resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.
35.Which of the following is the best title for the text？
A.Eat Less， Read More B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C.The Later， the Better D.The Marshmallow Test for Grown-ups
解题导引
第一步 读文章，理清结构
第二步 析选项，斟酌判断
A 少吃多读。不符合全文立意 断章取义，理解片面
B 早期人类痛苦的真相。 本文提及人类祖先的生存环境和大脑反应机制只是为下文服务，并非全文主旨 断章取义，理解片面
C 越晚越好。 本文未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套
D 成年人面临的棉花糖实验。 本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，先从针对孩子的测试引入，再类比到成年人面临的信息轰炸和不良信息带来的诱惑，因此全文着重介绍了成年人面临的棉花糖实验 涵盖性强，覆盖全文
第三步 对比选项得出答案
参考答案 D
类型（二） 文章大意题
文章大意是作者在文章中所要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心思想，也是作者在文章中通过行文逻辑和各种细节来阐明的中心话题。掌握寻找文章主题的3个小技巧，可以快速确定文章大意。解答文章大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
主题句法
1.根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句
2.根据行文标志来定位主题句
转折词 段落中出现表示转折的词语，如but、 however、 in fact、 actually等，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句
总结词 表示总结或结论的词语，如therefore、 thus、 in short、 conclude 等，总结词后的内容往往是文章的主题句
疑问句 若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题句
高频词法
若全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中出现的高频词找出文章主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫作主题词。抓住它，便容易抓住文章的中心
逆向思
维法 在两个选项看上去都十分正确且无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容相比较，接近的即为正确选项
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇）
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However， most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm （BMF） shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally， it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital， restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens.
Specifically， it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud， BMF is remotely monitored.Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated， it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil， the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest， users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod （容器） to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover， having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions （排放） from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition， there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee.
31.What does the text mainly talk about？
A.BMF’s major strengths. B.BMF’s general management.
C.BMF’s global influence. D.BMF’s technical standards.
解题导引
第一步 读文章，概括文意
第二步 析选项，斟酌判断
A BMF的主要优势。 本文第一段介绍BMF缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，第二至第四段介绍BMF的创新设计系统及其相关优势，最后一段介绍员工的可持续发展理念，该选项符合文意 涵盖性强，覆盖全文
B BMF的综合管理。 文中仅简要提及BMF的自动化系统，目的是介绍BMF的优点，本选项以偏概全，不符合文意 以偏概全，断章取义
C BMF的全球影响力。 文中未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套
D BMF的技术标准。 文中未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套
第三步 对比选项得出答案
参考答案 A
类型（三） 段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的提炼和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
定位段落主题句，首尾兼顾定段意 常用的写作架构
每一文段都要围绕一个特定的主题，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以段落的结构也有一定的规律性。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即问题所涉及段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇节选）
“I am not crazy，” says Dr.William Farber， shortly after performing acupuncture （针灸） on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive， it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians （兽医） now practicing “holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture， chiropractic （按摩疗法） and herbal medicine.
Farber， a graduate of Colorado State University， started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture， an ancient Chinese practice， and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So， after studying the techniques for a couple of years， he began offering them to pets.
Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse， Nappy， “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.
26.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？
A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B.The complexity of veterinarians’ work.
C.Examples of rare animal diseases. D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
解题导引
第一步 首尾兼顾定段意
本文第三段主要介绍两位主人的宠物经过Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。通过这两个案例，第三段侧面表达了Farber中西医结合的“整体医学”取得了显著成果。
第二步 析选项，斟酌判断
A 按摩疗法的步骤。原文未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套
B 兽医工作的复杂性。原文未提及相关内容 无中生有，生搬硬套
C 罕见动物疾病示例。不符合原文文意 偷换概念，歪曲文意
D 整体医学的有效性。精确概括本段核心主旨 涵盖性强，覆盖全段
第三步 对比选项得出答案
参考答案 D
（2024·青岛模拟）Scientists say the drying Great Salt Lake in Utah is now becoming a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions that are causing the climate to warm， according to a new study.★
The Great Salt Lake has shrunk by almost half in recent years.“Human-caused desiccation of Great Salt Lake is exposing huge areas of lake bed and releasing massive quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere，” said Soren Brothers， the museum’s climate change curator.
The researchers found that the drying lake bed emitted 4.1 million tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere， which would translate to a 7% increase in Utah’s human-caused emissions.According to scientists， 4 million tons of CO2 is roughly equal to the total annual emissions of 140 commercial planes.
Scientists say the West is as dry as it’s been in 1，200 years.The prolonged drought has been made worse by climate change.Agriculture has also played a huge role in the lake’s decline.Upstream water diversions （改道） for expanding farms and dairies have resulted in less flows into the lake.Utah’s rapid population growth has also been to blame.
The loss of water has serious impacts on the lives of animals and people.Researchers in Utah have begun to detect sharp declines in shorebird populations as a result of brine shrimp dying out.Dust storms and air pollution， born out of a dried up lake bed， is also a major concern for Utah residents.That’s worrisome for the majority of Utah’s 3.3 million population who live near the lake.
The Great Salt Lake’s levels have rebounded （回升） slightly in recent years due to the last two snowy winters.Utah Gov.Spencer Cox promised to prevent the lake from drying up on his watch.“For generations the lake was seen as kind of this dead thing that just happens to be there and will always be there，” Cox told NPR in April.“And now that people are realizing there’s a potential that it might not always be here， that’s gotten people’s attention in a positive way.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。根据一项新的研究，犹他州日益干涸的大盐湖正在成为导致气候变暖的全球温室气体排放的一个重要因素。
1.What message does the author try to convey by mentioning commercial planes in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.Much CO2 has been emitted by the drying lake bed.
B.The Great Salt Lake has shrunk rapidly in recent years.
C.The Great Salt Lake is exposing huge areas of lake bed.
D.People in Utah have produced lots of greenhouse gases.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，根据科学家的说法，400万吨二氧化碳大致相当于140架商用飞机的年总排放量。显然这里作者用这个比喻是想说明干涸的美国大盐湖湖床所排放的二氧化碳之多。
2.What’s the purpose of the fourth paragraph？（ ）
A.To explain some reasons.
B.To provide some evidence.
C.To appeal for some actions.
D.To predict some consequences.
解析：A 写作意图题。根据第四段可知，本段作者主要列举了造成美国西部干旱的几个主要原因，它们分别是：气候变化、农业用水、人口增长等。
3.What serves as a positive reminder according to Spencer Cox？（ ）
A.The lake will always be there.
B.The lake is likely to disappear.
C.The lake has stopped shrinking.
D.The lake’s levels have rebounded.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Spencer Cox认为，几代人以来，这个湖被人们视为一种理所当然的永恒存在。现在人们意识到它可能并不总是在这里，这以一种积极的方式引起了人们的注意。他所表达的意思其实就是危机意识让人们懂得珍惜。
4.What would be the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.What Makes the Great Salt Lake Dry Up
B.How the Great Salt Lake Loses Its Water
C.The Drying Great Salt Lake Causes Climate Change
D.The Drying Great Salt Lake Affects Utah People’s Lives
解析：C 标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文主要告诉我们：犹他州的大盐湖正在日益走向干涸，同时，干涸的湖床排放出大量的温室气体并导致气候变暖。因此C项适合作文章标题。
词汇 积累 contributor n. 促成因素 shrink v. 变小，减少 roughly adv. 粗略地 detect v. 发现；检测 decline n. 下降，减少
熟词 生义 translate
难句 解读 译文：科学家们表示，根据一项新的研究，犹他州日益干涸的大盐湖正在成为导致气候变暖的全球温室气体排放的一个重要因素。
10 / 10第三讲 主旨大意题——把握文脉明主题
主旨大意题是阅读理解中最难的题目，因为该类题目不仅考查略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对归纳概括能力提出了较高的要求。该类题目在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要从文章中提炼、提取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。因此，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完、读懂文章后再作判断，建议学生将此类题目放到最后来做。
一、主旨大意题命题特征
（一）熟知题型特点与设问方式
1.命题解读
（1）主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容的深层次理解、概括能力，它要求在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
（2）标题归纳题要求学生选出文章的最佳标题，文章大意题和段落大意题考查文章或段落的主旨大意。
2.题型特点
（1）把握主旨大意题常见的设问方式
What is the best title for the text？
What is the passage mainly about？
Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
Which is the most suitable title for the text？
What is the first paragraph mainly about？
（2）掌握主旨大意题的考查角度
①标题归纳题、文章大意题；
②段落大意题。
（二）明了主旨大意题的正确选项和干扰选项的特征
正确选项特征 1.涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段。 2.确定的范围恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小。 3.精确性强，不会改变原文语言表意的程度及感彩。 4.含有文章关键词或者有象征意义的事物。
干扰选项特征 以偏概全 只阐述了局部信息或文章内容的某一个方面
主题过大 归纳概括过于宽泛，超出了文章实际所讨论的内容
断章取义 以次要的事实或细节代替全文的主要观点
无中生有 与文章内容毫不相干或与文章内容相悖
二、破解3类主旨大意题
类型（一） 标题归纳题
标题归纳题要求在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意最佳标题的特点：概括性强，言简而意赅；精准性强，不改变原文的意义和感彩；覆盖性强，能概括全文内容并提炼文章主旨。
理解标题的3大特点 巧用3大方法确定文章标题
1.正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。 2.反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们作标题写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文对照，一一排除不符选项。 3.研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等，排除过于具体化、细节化、绝对化的选项。
【典例】 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读D篇） The Stanford marshmallow （棉花糖） test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s.Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room.A single sugary treat， selected by the child， was placed on a table.Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat， they would be given a second treat.Then they were left alone in the room.Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success. As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day.We’re not tempted （诱惑） by sugary treats， but by our computers， phones， and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers. We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world， and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction.But as we’ve reshaped the world around us， dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories， we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago， and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat. A similar process is at work in our response to information.Our formative environment as a species was information-poor， so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information.But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment.We are now ceaselessly bombarded （轰炸） with new information.Therefore， just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption， we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption， resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively. 35.Which of the following is the best title for the text？ A.Eat Less， Read More B.The Bitter Truth about Early Humans C.The Later， the Better D.The Marshmallow Test for Grown-ups
解题导引 第一步 读文章，理清结构 第二步 析选项，斟酌判断 A少吃多读。不符合全文立意断章取义，理解片面B早期人类痛苦的真相。 本文提及人类祖先的生存环境和大脑反应机制只是为下文服务，并非全文主旨断章取义，理解片面C越晚越好。 本文未提及相关内容无中生有，生搬硬套D成年人面临的棉花糖实验。 本文围绕棉花糖实验展开，先从针对孩子的测试引入，再类比到成年人面临的信息轰炸和不良信息带来的诱惑，因此全文着重介绍了成年人面临的棉花糖实验涵盖性强，覆盖全文
第三步 对比选项得出答案 参考答案 D
类型（二） 文章大意题
文章大意是作者在文章中所要表达的主要内容，是全文的核心思想，也是作者在文章中通过行文逻辑和各种细节来阐明的中心话题。掌握寻找文章主题的3个小技巧，可以快速确定文章大意。解答文章大意题，找准文章的主题句是关键。下面介绍两种快速找出主题句的方法。
主题 句法 1.根据文体和写作手法来定位主题句 2.根据行文标志来定位主题句 转折词段落中出现表示转折的词语，如but、 however、 in fact、 actually等，转折词后的句子很可能是主题句总结词表示总结或结论的词语，如therefore、 thus、 in short、 conclude 等，总结词后的内容往往是文章的主题句疑问句若首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是文章的主题句
高频 词法 若全文中无明显主题句时，我们可以利用文章中出现的高频词找出文章主题句。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫作主题词。抓住它，便容易抓住文章的中心
逆向思 维法 在两个选项看上去都十分正确且无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容相比较，接近的即为正确选项
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C篇） We all know fresh is best when it comes to food.However， most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey， Babylon Micro-Farm （BMF） shortens it even more. BMF is an indoor garden system.It can be set up for a family.Additionally， it could serve a larger audience such as a hospital， restaurant or school.The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly supply of fresh greens. 解题导引 第一步 读文章，概括文意
Specifically， it’s a farm that relies on new technology.By connecting through the Cloud， BMF is remotely monitored.Also， there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time.Because the system is automated， it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants.Rather than watering rows of soil， the system provides just the right amount to each plant.After harvest， users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pod （容器） to get the next growth cycle started. Moreover， having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions （排放） from transporting plants from soil to salad.In addition， there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute traditional farms and the surrounding environment. BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives.About half of them walk or bike to work.Inside the office， they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.“We are passionate about reducing waste， carbon and chemicals in our environment，” said a BMF employee. 31.What does the text mainly talk about？ A.BMF’s major strengths. B.BMF’s general management. C.BMF’s global influence. D.BMF’s technical standards. 第二步 析选项，斟酌判断 ABMF的主要优势。 本文第一段介绍BMF缩短了食物到餐桌的运输过程，第二至第四段介绍BMF的创新设计系统及其相关优势，最后一段介绍员工的可持续发展理念，该选项符合文意涵盖性强，覆盖全文BBMF的综合管理。 文中仅简要提及BMF的自动化系统，目的是介绍BMF的优点，本选项以偏概全，不符合文意以偏概全，断章取义CBMF的全球影响力。 文中未提及相关内容无中生有，生搬硬套DBMF的技术标准。 文中未提及相关内容无中生有，生搬硬套
第三步 对比选项得出答案 参考答案 A
类型（三） 段落大意题
段落大意题主要考查段落的主要意思，是对某个段落基本内容的提炼和概括。概括、总结、归纳段落大意就是用准确、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来。
定位段落主题句，首尾兼顾定段意 常用的写作架构
每一文段都要围绕一个特定的主题，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以段落的结构也有一定的规律性。做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即问题所涉及段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B篇节选） “I am not crazy，” says Dr.William Farber， shortly after performing acupuncture （针灸） on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive， it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians （兽医） now practicing “holistic” medicine — combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture， chiropractic （按摩疗法） and herbal medicine. Farber， a graduate of Colorado State University， started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture， an ancient Chinese practice， and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So， after studying the techniques for a couple of years， he began offering them to pets. Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack， Tindale says， she was prepared to put him to sleep， but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse， Nappy， “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment. 26.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about？ A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment. B.The complexity of veterinarians’ work. C.Examples of rare animal diseases. D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine.
解题导引 第一步 首尾兼顾定段意 本文第三段主要介绍两位主人的宠物经过Farber的治疗后，病情有所好转。通过这两个案例，第三段侧面表达了Farber中西医结合的“整体医学”取得了显著成果。 第二步 析选项，斟酌判断 A按摩疗法的步骤。原文未提及相关内容无中生有，生搬硬套B兽医工作的复杂性。原文未提及相关内容无中生有，生搬硬套C罕见动物疾病示例。不符合原文文意偷换概念，歪曲文意D整体医学的有效性。精确概括本段核心主旨涵盖性强，覆盖全段
第三步 对比选项得出答案 参考答案 D
（2024·青岛模拟）Scientists say the drying Great Salt Lake in Utah is now becoming a significant contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions that are causing the climate to warm， according to a new study.★
The Great Salt Lake has shrunk by almost half in recent years.“Human-caused desiccation of Great Salt Lake is exposing huge areas of lake bed and releasing massive quantities of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere，” said Soren Brothers， the museum’s climate change curator.
The researchers found that the drying lake bed emitted 4.1 million tons of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere， which would translate to a 7% increase in Utah’s human-caused emissions.According to scientists， 4 million tons of CO2 is roughly equal to the total annual emissions of 140 commercial planes.
Scientists say the West is as dry as it’s been in 1，200 years.The prolonged drought has been made worse by climate change.Agriculture has also played a huge role in the lake’s decline.Upstream water diversions （改道） for expanding farms and dairies have resulted in less flows into the lake.Utah’s rapid population growth has also been to blame.
The loss of water has serious impacts on the lives of animals and people.Researchers in Utah have begun to detect sharp declines in shorebird populations as a result of brine shrimp dying out.Dust storms and air pollution， born out of a dried up lake bed， is also a major concern for Utah residents.That’s worrisome for the majority of Utah’s 3.3 million population who live near the lake.
The Great Salt Lake’s levels have rebounded （回升） slightly in recent years due to the last two snowy winters.Utah Gov.Spencer Cox promised to prevent the lake from drying up on his watch.“For generations the lake was seen as kind of this dead thing that just happens to be there and will always be there，” Cox told NPR in April.“And now that people are realizing there’s a potential that it might not always be here， that’s gotten people’s attention in a positive way.”
1.What message does the author try to convey by mentioning commercial planes in Paragraph 3？（ ）
A.Much CO2 has been emitted by the drying lake bed.
B.The Great Salt Lake has shrunk rapidly in recent years.
C.The Great Salt Lake is exposing huge areas of lake bed.
D.People in Utah have produced lots of greenhouse gases.
2.What’s the purpose of the fourth paragraph？（ ）
A.To explain some reasons.
B.To provide some evidence.
C.To appeal for some actions.
D.To predict some consequences.
3.What serves as a positive reminder according to Spencer Cox？（ ）
A.The lake will always be there.
B.The lake is likely to disappear.
C.The lake has stopped shrinking.
D.The lake’s levels have rebounded.
4.What would be the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.What Makes the Great Salt Lake Dry Up
B.How the Great Salt Lake Loses Its Water
C.The Drying Great Salt Lake Causes Climate Change
D.The Drying Great Salt Lake Affects Utah People’s Lives
词 汇 积 累 contributor n. 促成因素 shrink v. 变小，减少 roughly adv. 粗略地 detect v. 发现；检测 decline n. 下降，减少 难 句 解 读 译文：科学家们表示，根据一项新的研究，犹他州日益干涸的大盐湖正在成为导致气候变暖的全球温室气体排放的一个重要因素。
熟 词 生 义 translate
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