第一讲 依据设空位置 确定解题方向
句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式，正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空上下文的提示作用来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。本讲主要是从设空位置及其所承担的语意关系层面来讲解做题技法，帮助学生灵活运用解题技法，游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。
一、设空在段首——考查段落主旨或承上启下
若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词-ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。
技巧（一） 把握形似，确定段落标题句
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
·Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world， it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.38.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights？
·39.（ ） Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You’ll compete with fewer tourists， save money， experience a different side of a popular place， and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower.
A.Visit during off-peak times. B.So， should we stop traveling？
C.Travel for you and no one else. G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
解题思路 设空处位于段首，考查段落标题句。观察其他段落标题句均为祈使句及结构相同的原则，选项可缩小范围至A项、C项和 G项。根据下文skipping major holidays or rush hour可知，本段建议跳过假期或高峰时间旅行，A项（在非高峰时段去旅游）适合作本段的小标题。
参考答案 A
方法总结
技巧（二） 根据一致，确定段落主题句
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷节选）
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus （同义词词典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.37.It takes no account of the context. Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
38.（ ） It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
C.But I still don’t want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
解题思路 本题考查段落主题句。 设空处与下文It should give you a precise definition of each word ... how the word is pronounced.有紧密的递进关系，该段主要讲述了词典不仅仅提供单词的拼写，还提供其他信息。
参考答案 E
方法总结
技巧（三） 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
【典例】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷节选）
Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago， they eat great food and never gain weight.38.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39.（ ） On our first morning in Paris， I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost 18！
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians.
解题思路 根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味；本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项（那不是法国人比我们吃得少的唯一原因）符合语境，且E项中的That指代上文论述过的原因。
参考答案 E
方法总结
二、设空在段中——根据“七种关系”确定答案
当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。
技巧（一） 根据总分关系确定答案
【典例】 （2023·全国乙卷节选）
Why are indoor plants good for you？
Will Spoelstra， who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens， says， “38.（ ）. I find during the winter months， plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity， focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases， such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best.
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer
解题思路 根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了在室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用Will Spoelstra的话可以总结全段，引发下文分别论述种植绿植的好处，形成总分结构。
参考答案 C
方法总结
技巧（二） 根据解释关系确定答案
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege （荣幸）.Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.40.（ ） You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
D.Can overtourism be avoided then？
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F.You’ll find yourself virtually alone， or close to it.
G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
解题思路 根据空前的Do your part可知，设空处讲的应该是如何为景区贡献自己的力量。 G项（考虑为你正在游览的社区作一些贡献）既能进一步解释上文如何Do your part，又能解释下文为何自己能跟当地人感到亲近，符合上下文语境。
参考答案 G
方法总结
技巧（三） 根据例证关系确定答案
【典例】 （2023·全国甲卷节选）
Make yourself wait
Instant gratification （满足） may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time， but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 38.（ ）. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice， the more you start to apply it to other， more annoying situations.
A.Find your causes
B.Start with small tasks
C.Accept the uncomfortable
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry
E.It can also help us practice more patience
F.This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
解题思路 根据本空前的the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice可知，设空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后的Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.则进一步列举了生活中可以尝试的小事。B项（从小任务开始）承上启下，并且能与下文形成例证关系。
参考答案 B
方法总结
技巧（四） 根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词汇有but、 however/whereas、 nevertheless （然而，不过）、 though、 yet、 in spite of、 at any rate （无论如何）、 in any case （无论如何，不管怎样）、 on the contrary、 by contrast （相反，相比之下）、 by comparison （相比之下）、 otherwise、 not ... but、 as well等。
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷节选）
In addition， I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary， picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course， with its 2，672 pages， it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163，000 words， plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39.（ ） However， if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage， there’s nothing better.
A.I don’t often use this dictionary.
B.It takes no account of the context.
C.But I still don’t want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
解题思路 下文中的However， if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage， there’s nothing better.与该空形成转折关系，由此可知，设空处应该说明作者平时并不经常使用该词典。
参考答案 A
方法总结
技巧（五） 根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连接词汇有as a result/consequently、 thus/therefore、 so、 so （such） ...that ...等。
【典例】 （2024·全国甲卷节选）
Take your time.It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.37.（ ） It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food， so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
B.We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C.Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work.
D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E.Instead， surround yourself with healthy choices.
F.For many of us， moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
解题思路 根据主旨句可知，本段围绕慢慢吃展开，本空后进一步说明了狼吞虎咽对身体不好的原因：大脑需要时间来告诉身体已经摄入足够的食物。C项（不要在上班路上狼吞虎咽）呼应下文解释的原因，符合语境。
参考答案 C
方法总结
技巧（六） 根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连接词汇有also、 further、 furthermore、 similarly、 moreover、 in addition、 what’s more、 too、 either、 neither、 not only ...but also ...、 the more ...the more ...等。
【典例1】 （2024·1月浙江卷节选）
In the past few years， online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.36.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. But are all online courses created equal？ How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you？ 37.（ ） We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses.
C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education？
D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F.If you take an online course， what can you do to ensure the best possible grade？
解题思路 本空前是两个问句，该空承接前面两个问句，且语意应递进，锁定两个问句选项C和F。F项（如果你参加在线课程，你能做什么来确保获得最好的成绩？）是对前面两个问句的进一步补充，符合语境。
参考答案 F
【典例2】 （2023·全国乙卷节选）
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much， but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36.（ ）， but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood （心情）， reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more， indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive.
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
解题思路 本空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增强记忆力来提升人们的幸福感，且本空后的but与B项中的Not only在意思上构成递进关系。
参考答案 B
方法总结
技巧（七） 根据并列关系确定答案
【典例】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷节选）
So， how do you find a workout partner？
First of all， decide what you want from that person.37.（ ） Or do you just want to be physically fit， able to move with strength and flexibility？ Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport？
E.How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice？
解题思路 选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句Or do you just want to be physically fit ...？可知，设空处与后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。
参考答案 D
方法总结
三、设空在段尾——考查总结概括或过渡衔接
技巧（一） 段落过渡句
【典例】 （2023·全国甲卷节选）
Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person
Here’s a riddle：What do traffic jams， long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？ There’s one answer： 36.（ ）.
C.Accept the uncomfortable
D.All this adds up to a state of hurry
E.It can also help us practice more patience
F.This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable
G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
解题思路 根据本空前的There’s one answer可知，本空要回答前面的问题。同时，根据文章标题关键词Patient和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。G项承上启下，自然过渡。
参考答案 G
方法总结
技巧（二） 补充信息、举例说明句
【典例】 （2023·全国乙卷节选）
Why are indoor plants good for you？
Will Spoelstra， who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens， says， “38.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors. I find during the winter months， plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity， focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases， such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39.（ ）.
D.Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
解题思路 设空处位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消除一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。E项中的和平百合和绿萝正是效果最好的植物。
参考答案 E
方法总结
技巧（三） 总结句
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason： they’re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places， it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape， culture or food deeply draws you.37.（ ）
A.Visit during off-peak times.
B.So， should we stop traveling？
C.Travel for you and no one else.
D.Can overtourism be avoided then？
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
解题思路 本段小标题是“谨慎选择”，空前讲述了只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物深深吸引你时才去。设空处在段末，应紧扣本段标题，总结全段主旨，C项（为自己而非他人旅游）总结上文，符合语境。
参考答案 C
方法总结
Test 1
Gratitude， which is a positive emotional state， can have a profound impact on our mental， emotional， and physical wellbeing.
Gratitude offers us a way of embracing all that makes our lives what they are. 1.（ ）； it includes the willingness to expand our attention so that we perceive （感知） more of the goodness we are always receiving.
Robert Emmons is one of the world’s leading experts on the science of gratitude. 2.（ ）. The first is an affirmation of goodness： People can learn to wake up to the good around them and notice the gifts they have received. The second part of gratitude is recognizing that the source of this goodness rests outside of oneself — that we receive these gifts from other people， and sometimes from fate， or the natural world. 3.（ ）.
In one study involving nearly 300 adults seeking counseling services at a university， one group wrote a gratitude letter each week for three weeks. The gratitude group reported significantly better mental health （compared to the control group） at follow-up， 12 weeks after the last writing exercise. 4.（ ）. A study of this practice found that people who wrote down three things that had gone well in their day and identified the causes of those good things were significantly happier and less depressed.
5.（ ）. When you practice gratitude， you shift your thoughts away from negative emotions and uncomfortable sensations. Instead， you begin to focus on good things that you may have overlooked. Rather than focusing on the misfortune of having a flat tire， for example， you consider how your job has made it possible to pay for repairs. Or you shift your focus to how fortunate you are to have close friends who are willing to drive you home.
A.He defines gratitude as having two parts
B.A little gratitude can do wonders for your mood
C.Gratitude isn’t just a happy feeling for our present lives
D.However， many people don’t realize the power of gratitude
E.Another type of written gratitude practice is counting blessings
F.Gratitude involves showing appreciation for the things that are meaningful to you
G.In other words， gratitude helps people realize they wouldn’t be where they are without the help of others
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。感恩是一种积极向上的情感状态，它会对我们的精神、情感和身体健康产生深远的影响。
1.C 下句是对感恩的进一步解释，说明感恩意味着我们愿意感知更多我们一直在接受的美好，明显有递进的意味，因此C项符合语境，下句开头的it指代C项中的Gratitude。
2.A 下文出现了The first is ... The second part ...，揭示了感恩所包含的两部分内容，因此A项符合语境，A项中的He指代上句中的Robert Emmons。
3.G 上句指出：感恩的第二部分是认识到这种美好的源泉不在我们自己身上——我们从别人那里得到这些礼物，有时来自命运或自然世界。G项是对此句的进一步阐释，符合语境。
4.E 上文介绍了一种感恩实践行为——人们通过每周写一封感谢信来表达感恩；下文则介绍了另一种感恩实践行为——人们通过每天写下三件令自己幸福的事来表达感恩。因此E项符合语境。
5.B 本段主要说明感恩会对我们的心情带来积极的改变和提升，因此B项适合作为本段的主题句。
Test 2
As long as you live， you have an opportunity to change and pursue your life’s purpose. 1.（ ）， you seek to focus on what you want to create rather than dwell on problems. This is a concern for people besides self and family. Studies suggest that helping others can increase your happiness and improve your health.
When you’re doing something for others， you don’t let the little ups and downs of life get to you. 2.（ ）. According to psychologist Susan Krauss Whitbourne， putting others before yourself is a “stealth superpower”. “The most ‘generative’ people have better long-term wellbeing” than people who focus purely on their own happiness.
According to a 2007 AmeriCorps study，“A growing body of research indicates that volunteering provides not just social benefits， but individual health benefits as well.” 3.（ ）： those who volunteer have lower mortality rates （死亡率）， greater functional ability， and lower rates of depression later in life than those who do not volunteer.
4.（ ）. Benefitting from a sense of purpose can come from supporting your family and friends or mentoring someone. To reap the benefits of helping others， you don’t need to save the world， just improve your little corner of it.
It’s never too late to discover what you can do to make others happy and bring it to life through your actions in the world. 5.（ ）. This is because you have amassed the wisdom， skills， and resilience to throw yourself into a project with clarity and energy clout. Your gifts to others will have great value， not only to those who receive them directly but also to everyone their lives touch through an infinite range of time.
A.If you concentrate on your own life
B.When your purpose is to help others
C.You will improve your own happiness and health
D.You don’t have to do something huge to be of service
E.Instead， you focus on something higher and more meaningful
F.Your older years can be your greatest opportunity to contribute
G.The study concluded that there is a strong relationship between volunteering and health
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。研究表明，帮助他人可以增加你的幸福感并改善你的健康。
1.B 根据下句This is a concern for people besides self and family.可知，这里在讨论“帮助他人”这种情形。因此B项符合语境。
2.E 上句指出“当你帮助他人做事时，你不会……”，下句则应该接着说明“相反，你会……”。因此E项符合语境。
3.G 上文提到了2007年的一项研究，G项则是对这项研究结果的进一步说明，符合语境。
4.D 本段结尾指出：为了从帮助他人中收获好处，你不需要拯救世界，只需要改善你的小角落。D项意思与此一致，正好前后呼应。
5.F 上句It’s never too late to ...显然在谈论帮助他人的时间早晚问题，因此F项符合语境。
13 / 14第一讲 依据设空位置 确定解题方向
句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式，正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和设空上下文的提示作用来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。本讲主要是从设空位置及其所承担的语意关系层面来讲解做题技法，帮助学生灵活运用解题技法，游刃有余地解答阅读七选五。
一、设空在段首——考查段落主旨或承上启下
若是针对段落小标题设空，其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同，选项短小精悍，多为名词词组、动词-ing短语或祈使句。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么是段落主题句；选项要有概括性，要么承接上段，要么是对下文的概括。
技巧（一） 把握形似，确定段落标题句
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选） ·Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world， it’s actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.38.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights？ ·39.（ ） Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You’ll compete with fewer tourists， save money， experience a different side of a popular place， and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A.Visit during off-peak times. B.So， should we stop traveling？ C.Travel for you and no one else. G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 解题思路 设空处位于段首，考查段落标题句。观察其他段落标题句均为祈使句及结构相同的原则，选项可缩小范围至A项、C项和 G项。根据下文skipping major holidays or rush hour可知，本段建议跳过假期或高峰时间旅行，A项（在非高峰时段去旅游）适合作本段的小标题。 参考答案 A 方法总结
技巧（二） 根据一致，确定段落主题句
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷节选） I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus （同义词词典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.37.It takes no account of the context. Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38.（ ） It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. C.But I still don’t want to replace them. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E.Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling. F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. 解题思路 本题考查段落主题句。 设空处与下文It should give you a precise definition of each word ... how the word is pronounced.有紧密的递进关系，该段主要讲述了词典不仅仅提供单词的拼写，还提供其他信息。 参考答案 E 方法总结
技巧（三） 瞻前顾后，确定段落过渡句
【典例】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷节选） Parisians are different from you and me.They never look lazy or untidy.As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago， they eat great food and never gain weight.38.The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.Instead， they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 39.（ ） On our first morning in Paris， I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries.I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon.My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten.But they cost 18！ D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers. E.That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. F.Our aim was to see if we could live， in some way， like real Parisians. 解题思路 根据设空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。根据上文内容可知，设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得少的一个原因是他们的食物美味；本段继续说法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价格昂贵。因此设空处应起到承上启下的作用。分析选项可知，E项（那不是法国人比我们吃得少的唯一原因）符合语境，且E项中的That指代上文论述过的原因。 参考答案 E 方法总结
二、设空在段中——根据“七种关系”确定答案
当设空在段中时，通常考查与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文的衔接。一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，学生就可以利用逻辑关系词来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要学生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。
技巧（一） 根据总分关系确定答案
【典例】 （2023·全国乙卷节选） Why are indoor plants good for you？ Will Spoelstra， who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens， says， “38.（ ）. I find during the winter months， plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity， focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases， such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best. A.All plants are different B.Not only do they look beautiful C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D.Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer
解题思路 根据本段小标题和本段内容可知，本段主要讲述了在室内种植绿植有许多好处，此处引用Will Spoelstra的话可以总结全段，引发下文分别论述种植绿植的好处，形成总分结构。 参考答案 C 方法总结
技巧（二） 根据解释关系确定答案
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选） Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege （荣幸）.Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.40.（ ） You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there. D.Can overtourism be avoided then？ E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F.You’ll find yourself virtually alone， or close to it. G.Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting. 解题思路 根据空前的Do your part可知，设空处讲的应该是如何为景区贡献自己的力量。 G项（考虑为你正在游览的社区作一些贡献）既能进一步解释上文如何Do your part，又能解释下文为何自己能跟当地人感到亲近，符合上下文语境。 参考答案 G 方法总结
技巧（三） 根据例证关系确定答案
【典例】 （2023·全国甲卷节选） Make yourself wait Instant gratification （满足） may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time， but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. 38.（ ）. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice， the more you start to apply it to other， more annoying situations. A.Find your causes B.Start with small tasks C.Accept the uncomfortable D.All this adds up to a state of hurry E.It can also help us practice more patience F.This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 解题思路 根据本空前的the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice可知，设空处讲到的应该是如何练习。空后的Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.则进一步列举了生活中可以尝试的小事。B项（从小任务开始）承上启下，并且能与下文形成例证关系。 参考答案 B 方法总结
技巧（四） 根据转折关系确定答案
表示转折关系的连接词汇有but、 however/whereas、 nevertheless （然而，不过）、 though、 yet、 in spite of、 at any rate （无论如何）、 in any case （无论如何，不管怎样）、 on the contrary、 by contrast （相反，相比之下）、 by comparison （相比之下）、 otherwise、 not ... but、 as well等。
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷节选） In addition， I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary， picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course， with its 2，672 pages， it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163，000 words， plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39.（ ） However， if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage， there’s nothing better. A.I don’t often use this dictionary. B.It takes no account of the context. C.But I still don’t want to replace them. D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E.Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling. F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G.Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information. 解题思路 下文中的However， if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage， there’s nothing better.与该空形成转折关系，由此可知，设空处应该说明作者平时并不经常使用该词典。 参考答案 A 方法总结
技巧（五） 根据因果关系确定答案
表示因果关系的连接词汇有as a result/consequently、 thus/therefore、 so、 so （such） ...that ...等。
【典例】 （2024·全国甲卷节选） Take your time.It’s important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just something to eat in between meetings.37.（ ） It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body that it has had enough food， so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full. A.Eat properly throughout the day. B.We don’t always eat just to satisfy hunger. C.Don’t swallow a meal on the way to work. D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E.Instead， surround yourself with healthy choices. F.For many of us， moderation means eating less than we do now. G.That won’t lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. 解题思路 根据主旨句可知，本段围绕慢慢吃展开，本空后进一步说明了狼吞虎咽对身体不好的原因：大脑需要时间来告诉身体已经摄入足够的食物。C项（不要在上班路上狼吞虎咽）呼应下文解释的原因，符合语境。 参考答案 C 方法总结
技巧（六） 根据递进关系确定答案
表示递进关系的连接词汇有also、 further、 furthermore、 similarly、 moreover、 in addition、 what’s more、 too、 either、 neither、 not only ...but also ...、 the more ...the more ...等。
【典例1】 （2024·1月浙江卷节选） In the past few years， online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.36.A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. But are all online courses created equal？ How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you？ 37.（ ） We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses. C.Do you know that online courses are also part of your education？ D.Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E.The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F.If you take an online course， what can you do to ensure the best possible grade？ 解题思路 本空前是两个问句，该空承接前面两个问句，且语意应递进，锁定两个问句选项C和F。F项（如果你参加在线课程，你能做什么来确保获得最好的成绩？）是对前面两个问句的进一步补充，符合语境。 参考答案 F
【典例2】 （2023·全国乙卷节选） Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much， but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home. 36.（ ）， but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing by improving their mood （心情）， reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more， indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. A.All plants are different B.Not only do they look beautiful C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D.Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best 解题思路 本空后表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻压力、增强记忆力来提升人们的幸福感，且本空后的but与B项中的Not only在意思上构成递进关系。 参考答案 B 方法总结
技巧（七） 根据并列关系确定答案
【典例】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷节选） So， how do you find a workout partner？ First of all， decide what you want from that person.37.（ ） Or do you just want to be physically fit， able to move with strength and flexibility？ Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. C.You’ll work harder if you train with someone else. D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport？ E.How can you write a good “seeking a training partner” notice？
解题思路 选段第一段提到关于如何找到一个健身伙伴，第二段提到首先要决定你想要从那个人那里得到什么。根据空后一句Or do you just want to be physically fit ...？可知，设空处与后一句之间是并列关系，设空处也应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。 参考答案 D 方法总结
三、设空在段尾——考查总结概括或过渡衔接
技巧（一） 段落过渡句
【典例】 （2023·全国甲卷节选） Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person Here’s a riddle：What do traffic jams， long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？ There’s one answer： 36.（ ）. C.Accept the uncomfortable D.All this adds up to a state of hurry E.It can also help us practice more patience F.This is merely uncomfortable， not intolerable G.They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience 解题思路 根据本空前的There’s one answer可知，本空要回答前面的问题。同时，根据文章标题关键词Patient和常识可知，本句同样需要引出下文对如何多些耐心的讨论。G项承上启下，自然过渡。 参考答案 G 方法总结
技巧（二） 补充信息、举例说明句
【典例】 （2023·全国乙卷节选） Why are indoor plants good for you？ Will Spoelstra， who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens， says， “38.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors. I find during the winter months， plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity， focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases， such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 39.（ ）. D.Instead， they grow better inside， where it is warmer E.Plants like peace lilies and devil’s ivy are among the best F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help 解题思路 设空处位于段尾，与上文存在例证、补充说明关系，上文说盆栽可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气，还可以消除一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物质。E项中的和平百合和绿萝正是效果最好的植物。 参考答案 E 方法总结
技巧（三） 总结句
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选） ·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason： they’re special.With so many online posts featuring the same places， it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape， culture or food deeply draws you.37.（ ） A.Visit during off-peak times. B.So， should we stop traveling？ C.Travel for you and no one else. D.Can overtourism be avoided then？ E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places. 解题思路 本段小标题是“谨慎选择”，空前讲述了只有当目的地的景色、文化或食物深深吸引你时才去。设空处在段末，应紧扣本段标题，总结全段主旨，C项（为自己而非他人旅游）总结上文，符合语境。 参考答案 C 方法总结
Test 1
Gratitude， which is a positive emotional state， can have a profound impact on our mental， emotional， and physical wellbeing.
Gratitude offers us a way of embracing all that makes our lives what they are. 1.（ ）； it includes the willingness to expand our attention so that we perceive （感知） more of the goodness we are always receiving.
Robert Emmons is one of the world’s leading experts on the science of gratitude. 2.（ ）. The first is an affirmation of goodness： People can learn to wake up to the good around them and notice the gifts they have received. The second part of gratitude is recognizing that the source of this goodness rests outside of oneself — that we receive these gifts from other people， and sometimes from fate， or the natural world. 3.（ ）.
In one study involving nearly 300 adults seeking counseling services at a university， one group wrote a gratitude letter each week for three weeks. The gratitude group reported significantly better mental health （compared to the control group） at follow-up， 12 weeks after the last writing exercise. 4.（ ）. A study of this practice found that people who wrote down three things that had gone well in their day and identified the causes of those good things were significantly happier and less depressed.
5.（ ）. When you practice gratitude， you shift your thoughts away from negative emotions and uncomfortable sensations. Instead， you begin to focus on good things that you may have overlooked. Rather than focusing on the misfortune of having a flat tire， for example， you consider how your job has made it possible to pay for repairs. Or you shift your focus to how fortunate you are to have close friends who are willing to drive you home.
A.He defines gratitude as having two parts
B.A little gratitude can do wonders for your mood
C.Gratitude isn’t just a happy feeling for our present lives
D.However， many people don’t realize the power of gratitude
E.Another type of written gratitude practice is counting blessings
F.Gratitude involves showing appreciation for the things that are meaningful to you
G.In other words， gratitude helps people realize they wouldn’t be where they are without the help of others
Test 2
As long as you live， you have an opportunity to change and pursue your life’s purpose. 1.（ ）， you seek to focus on what you want to create rather than dwell on problems. This is a concern for people besides self and family. Studies suggest that helping others can increase your happiness and improve your health.
When you’re doing something for others， you don’t let the little ups and downs of life get to you. 2.（ ）. According to psychologist Susan Krauss Whitbourne， putting others before yourself is a “stealth superpower”. “The most ‘generative’ people have better long-term wellbeing” than people who focus purely on their own happiness.
According to a 2007 AmeriCorps study，“A growing body of research indicates that volunteering provides not just social benefits， but individual health benefits as well.” 3.（ ）： those who volunteer have lower mortality rates （死亡率）， greater functional ability， and lower rates of depression later in life than those who do not volunteer.
4.（ ）. Benefitting from a sense of purpose can come from supporting your family and friends or mentoring someone. To reap the benefits of helping others， you don’t need to save the world， just improve your little corner of it.
It’s never too late to discover what you can do to make others happy and bring it to life through your actions in the world. 5.（ ）. This is because you have amassed the wisdom， skills， and resilience to throw yourself into a project with clarity and energy clout. Your gifts to others will have great value， not only to those who receive them directly but also to everyone their lives touch through an infinite range of time.
A.If you concentrate on your own life
B.When your purpose is to help others
C.You will improve your own happiness and health
D.You don’t have to do something huge to be of service
E.Instead， you focus on something higher and more meaningful
F.Your older years can be your greatest opportunity to contribute
G.The study concluded that there is a strong relationship between volunteering and health
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