阅读理解题型分类练（三） 推理判断题——隐含推断类
A
（2024·郑州质量预测）It was a cold May morning when I received an email from an old friend inviting me to join a 10-day all-girls surf trip.I knew I had to say yes.The trip seemed simple enough.10 women aged 30 to 45， all complete strangers， were to meet on the coast of Portugal to try something new：surfing in the Atlantic Ocean.I have always loved traveling， so I eagerly sent an email to my boss asking for time off to make the trip.
If there’s one thing I’ve learned over my past 33 years， it’s that adults typically spend their days mastering the things they’ve done before.It seems like we pride ourselves on becoming experts in whatever field we’ve fallen into， knowing more about less.Now， in theory， this is a great strategy， as it allows you to become really good at one particular thing， but it also kind of ends up leaving some skills lacking.
I met my new surfing companions on the grass of the hotel lawn in a small surf town called Ericeira.Despite our different personalities and backgrounds， we were all united in a strong desire to challenge ourselves， learn， tackle and grow.
The shores at Ericeira， where the beginners learn to surf， are shallow and covered with slippery rocks.They make for softer waves but are difficult to ride.
Guided by our amazing coaches， together， we faced the waves.Sometimes， it poured with rain， and the waves crashed around us， but we were still out there.And with every slip and fall， words of encouragement filled the air.Honestly， I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone， but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked.
Learning a new skill taught me the humility （谦虚） that can come from doing badly at something new， and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on.While surfing might not be my lifelong passion， trying it out inspired me to take more risks in life.You never know what you’re capable of if you don’t go out there and try.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过葡萄牙的冲浪之旅，感悟到了突破极限和尝试新事物的价值。
1.What inspired the author to join the surf trip？（ ）
A.Her love for seashore surfing.
B.Her desire to make new friends.
C.Her need to take a break from work.
D.Her passion for exploring something new.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的10 women aged 30 to 45，all complete strangers， were to meet on the coast of Portugal to try something new可知，激发作者去参加冲浪旅行的动机是她想要去尝试一些新事物。
2.What does the author think of adults’ focusing on mastering one field？（ ）
A.It hurts one’s pride.
B.It narrows one’s potential.
C.It promotes one’s career success.
D.It broadens one’s view of the world.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，成年人专注于掌握一个领域能让你变得真正擅长一件特定的事情，但它最终也会让你留下一些技能的缺失。也就是说，成年人专注于掌握一个领域会缩小一个人的潜力。
3.Which words can best describe the author’s surfing experience？（ ）
A.Relaxing but dangerous.
B.Tough and uninteresting.
C.Challenging but rewarding.
D.Surprising and unforgettable.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段内容和第五段第二句可知，这次旅行富有挑战性；再结合第五段中的a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked以及最后一段内容可知，这次旅行让作者很有收获，很值得。
4.What can be inferred about the author？（ ）
A.She used to lack confidence in herself.
B.She determined to become an expert surfer.
C.She discovered her lifelong passion after the trip.
D.She was more willing to try new experiences in life.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的trying it out inspired me to take more risks in life及最后一句可知，尝试冲浪激发了作者在生活中承担更多的风险。如果你不去尝试，你永远不知道你能做什么。由此可以推断，作者更愿意尝试新的生活体验。
【熟词生义】
crash 熟义：v.（使）（车）碰撞，（飞机）坠毁 n.（车辆的）撞车事故，（飞机的）坠毁，失事
生义：v.（很响地）猛撞，猛击
例句：We watched the waves crashing against the rocks.我们看着海浪哗啦哗啦地冲击岩石。
【难句分析】
译文：如果说我在过去的33年里学到了什么，那就是成年人通常会花时间去掌握他们以前做过的事情。
B
（2024·皖豫名校联考）Our brain responds to various stimuli （刺激） by producing chemical messengers called hormones （激素） that travel via the bloodstream to different areas of the body where they lead to specific functions or feelings. One group of hormones， including dopamine and endorphins， has been nicknamed the “feel-good hormones”. The release of each of these chemicals is linked with specific lifestyle， exercise， and dietary choices.
When and how much of these hormones are released is determined， in part， by one’s baseline association with a specific food or activity. For example， Anna Lembke， a physician and professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine， says she loves chocolate， so when she thinks about eating it， the brain releases a hit of dopamine giving her a feeling of pleasure. “That naturally creates the motivation to do the work to get it，” she explains. This means that because of her baseline association with the treat， the hormone not only rewards her when she eats chocolate， but also pushes her to find more of it when she thinks of it.
But chemicals like dopamine are not meant to be present all the time and must “turn off” to do their job the next time an opportunity arises. “If a lion’s dopamine were always on， it would run after everything and wouldn’t have the energy to win when it saw a good chance，” explains Loretta Graziano Breuning， a professor at California State University， and author of Habits of a Happy Brain.
Regardless of which behaviour triggers （引发） each hormone， Breuning says each chemical is designed to only “be released in short periods”. Once the chemical is metabolized （代谢）， she says， “the good feeling is over.”
Breuning explains that the rush that comes from endorphins and dopamine endure for less time. Regardless of the duration of each “natural high”， our bodies eventually return to their baseline levels until reward or motivation is needed or sought out anew. In this way， Breuning says we always have to do more to get more.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。我们的大脑对各种刺激作出反应，产生一种叫作激素的化学物质。其中一组激素，包括多巴胺和内啡肽，被戏称为“令人快乐的激素”。这些化学物质的释放都与我们特定的生活方式、锻炼和饮食选择有关。
5.What can we learn about the release of dopamine and endorphins？（ ）
A.It’s a complete natural process.
B.It is linked with our personality.
C.It depends on human behaviour.
D.It brings us a feeling of discomfort.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段可知，多巴胺和内啡肽的释放与我们特定的生活方式、锻炼和饮食选择有关，它们不是自发产生的。
6.What does the author try to tell us by giving the example of Anna Lembke？（ ）
A.How we get dopamine.
B.Why we need dopamine.
C.The power of motivation.
D.The functions of dopamine.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，作者列举Anna Lembke的例子主要是说明多巴胺这种激素不仅会对我们的行为作出奖励，而且会激励我们作出新的努力。奖励和激励都属于多巴胺的功能。
7.Why should we turn off our dopamine according to Loretta Graziano Breuning？（ ）
A.To relax ourselves. B.To stay motivated.
C.To preserve energy. D.To be in high spirits.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者以狮子为例说明，如果狮子的多巴胺一直处于分泌状态，它就会不停地追逐一切（消耗能量），导致后面需要捕捉猎物时没有能量可用。由此判断，关闭多巴胺释放是为了保存能量。
8.Which of the following best describes our pursuing dopamine？（ ）
A.It is an endless circle.
B.It is a temporary urge.
C.It has negative effects on us.
D.It can be satisfied completely.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，我们体内多巴胺的释放总是很短暂的，当它消失后我们又会追求新释放的多巴胺。由此陷入一个“得到——失去——再得到——再失去”的无限循环当中。
3 / 4阅读理解题型分类练（三） 推理判断题——隐含推断类
A
（2024·郑州质量预测）It was a cold May morning when I received an email from an old friend inviting me to join a 10-day all-girls surf trip.I knew I had to say yes.The trip seemed simple enough.10 women aged 30 to 45， all complete strangers， were to meet on the coast of Portugal to try something new：surfing in the Atlantic Ocean.I have always loved traveling， so I eagerly sent an email to my boss asking for time off to make the trip.
If there’s one thing I’ve learned over my past 33 years， it’s that adults typically spend their days mastering the things they’ve done before.It seems like we pride ourselves on becoming experts in whatever field we’ve fallen into， knowing more about less.Now， in theory， this is a great strategy， as it allows you to become really good at one particular thing， but it also kind of ends up leaving some skills lacking.
I met my new surfing companions on the grass of the hotel lawn in a small surf town called Ericeira.Despite our different personalities and backgrounds， we were all united in a strong desire to challenge ourselves， learn， tackle and grow.
The shores at Ericeira， where the beginners learn to surf， are shallow and covered with slippery rocks.They make for softer waves but are difficult to ride.
Guided by our amazing coaches， together， we faced the waves.Sometimes， it poured with rain， and the waves crashed around us， but we were still out there.And with every slip and fall， words of encouragement filled the air.Honestly， I probably spent most of my days frozen to the bone， but that didn’t matter because a new level of genuine joy and personal achievement had been unlocked.
Learning a new skill taught me the humility （谦虚） that can come from doing badly at something new， and the pride that develops when you finally manage to grasp something you’ve been working on.While surfing might not be my lifelong passion， trying it out inspired me to take more risks in life.You never know what you’re capable of if you don’t go out there and try.
1.What inspired the author to join the surf trip？（ ）
A.Her love for seashore surfing.
B.Her desire to make new friends.
C.Her need to take a break from work.
D.Her passion for exploring something new.
2.What does the author think of adults’ focusing on mastering one field？（ ）
A.It hurts one’s pride.
B.It narrows one’s potential.
C.It promotes one’s career success.
D.It broadens one’s view of the world.
3.Which words can best describe the author’s surfing experience？（ ）
A.Relaxing but dangerous.
B.Tough and uninteresting.
C.Challenging but rewarding.
D.Surprising and unforgettable.
4.What can be inferred about the author？（ ）
A.She used to lack confidence in herself.
B.She determined to become an expert surfer.
C.She discovered her lifelong passion after the trip.
D.She was more willing to try new experiences in life.
B
（2024·皖豫名校联考）Our brain responds to various stimuli （刺激） by producing chemical messengers called hormones （激素） that travel via the bloodstream to different areas of the body where they lead to specific functions or feelings. One group of hormones， including dopamine and endorphins， has been nicknamed the “feel-good hormones”. The release of each of these chemicals is linked with specific lifestyle， exercise， and dietary choices.
When and how much of these hormones are released is determined， in part， by one’s baseline association with a specific food or activity. For example， Anna Lembke， a physician and professor of psychiatry at Stanford University School of Medicine， says she loves chocolate， so when she thinks about eating it， the brain releases a hit of dopamine giving her a feeling of pleasure. “That naturally creates the motivation to do the work to get it，” she explains. This means that because of her baseline association with the treat， the hormone not only rewards her when she eats chocolate， but also pushes her to find more of it when she thinks of it.
But chemicals like dopamine are not meant to be present all the time and must “turn off” to do their job the next time an opportunity arises. “If a lion’s dopamine were always on， it would run after everything and wouldn’t have the energy to win when it saw a good chance，” explains Loretta Graziano Breuning， a professor at California State University， and author of Habits of a Happy Brain.
Regardless of which behaviour triggers （引发） each hormone， Breuning says each chemical is designed to only “be released in short periods”. Once the chemical is metabolized （代谢）， she says， “the good feeling is over.”
Breuning explains that the rush that comes from endorphins and dopamine endure for less time. Regardless of the duration of each “natural high”， our bodies eventually return to their baseline levels until reward or motivation is needed or sought out anew. In this way， Breuning says we always have to do more to get more.
5.What can we learn about the release of dopamine and endorphins？（ ）
A.It’s a complete natural process.
B.It is linked with our personality.
C.It depends on human behaviour.
D.It brings us a feeling of discomfort.
6.What does the author try to tell us by giving the example of Anna Lembke？（ ）
A.How we get dopamine.
B.Why we need dopamine.
C.The power of motivation.
D.The functions of dopamine.
7.Why should we turn off our dopamine according to Loretta Graziano Breuning？（ ）
A.To relax ourselves.
B.To stay motivated.
C.To preserve energy.
D.To be in high spirits.
8.Which of the following best describes our pursuing dopamine？（ ）
A.It is an endless circle.
B.It is a temporary urge.
C.It has negative effects on us.
D.It can be satisfied completely.
2 / 3
