阅读理解题型分类练（十） 词义猜测题——单词猜测类
A
（2024·贵阳质量监测）It all started with a simple question： “Can I paint your portrait？”
In the summer of 2015， Brian Peterson and his wife， Vanessa， just moved to Santa Ana， California.Outside the couple’s fourth-floor apartment， a messy homeless man was often shouting on the street corner， sometimes keeping them awake at night.Peterson， 28， would pass the guy on his way to his job as a car designer at Kia Corporation， but they never spoke.
One day， Peterson was relaxing in his living room， reading the book Love Does， about the power of love in action， when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man.Inspired by the book’s sympathetic message， Peterson made an unexpected decision： He was going to go outside and introduce himself.
In that first conversation， Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris.He’d moved to southern California from Kentucky to pursue a career in music， but he soon fell on hard times and ended up living on the street for more than a decade.
“It was the weirdest thing to me，” Peterson recalled later on the podcast （播客） Top Artist.“I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn’t shaved in probably a year， had overgrown fingernails， and probably hadn’t had a shower in close to a year.But his story， the life inside of him， inspired me.” And even though Peterson， a graduate of the Cleveland Institute of Art， hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in about eight years， he asked if he could paint Faris’s portrait.Faris said yes.
Peterson’s connection with Faris led to the creation of Faces of Santa Ana， a nonprofit organization that befriends unhoused community members and paints portraits of them.Using a black-and-white photo taken with his phone， Peterson selects colors based on the subject’s personality and story， resulting in powerful portraits.He sells the large paintings， signed by both the subject and the artist， for a few thousand dollars.Half of the profits go into a “love account” for the models， helping them start again.Faris used his portrait funds to fulfill his musical dreams by recording an album.
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To explain the portrait.
B.To express a request.
C.To ask a question.
D.To introduce the topic.
2.How did Peterson feel when just arriving at his new home？（ ）
A.Worried. B.Bothered.
C.Delighted. D.Relaxed.
3.What does the underlined word “weirdest” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？（ ）
A.Strangest. B.Hardest.
C.Most frequent. D.Most beautiful.
4.What caused the foundation of Faces of Santa Ana？（ ）
A.Peterson’s relation to Faris.
B.Profits from selling paintings.
C.Colors based on the personality.
D.Peterson’s powerful portraits.
B
（2024·太原模拟）Pick up any packaged processed food， and there’s a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be the “natural flavor”.The ingredient sounds good， particularly in contrast to “artificial flavors”.But what exactly does the natural flavor mean？ It refers to extracts （提取物） got from natural sources like plants， meat or seafood.When consumers see the “natural flavor” on a label， they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottles.They know even though natural flavors must come from natural sources， it needn’t all come from the plant or meat.For example， orange flavors might contain not only orange extracts， but also extracts from bark and grass.Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.
So if flavors like orange are needed， why not just use oranges？ The answer comes down to “availability， cost and sustainability”， according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota.“If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda，” Reineccius says， “you don’t have any grapes for wine making；the products are going to be exorbitant；besides， what do you do with the by-products you create after you’ve squeezed all the juice out of the grapes？”
Actually， while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients， artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially.The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing.“Many of these products have health titles，” says Platkin， professor from Hunter College.“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier， though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.Natural flavors may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.”
Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavors are， so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavors”.Reineccius also offers some simple guidance：“Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavors’.Buy it because you like it.”
5.Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.It comes from 100% original fruit.
B.It is nothing but advertising tricks.
C.It certainly contains extracts made in the lab.
D.It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors.
6.What does the underlined word “exorbitant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（ ）
A.Popular. B.Expensive.
C.Durable. D.Innovative.
7.Why do companies use natural flavors in their products？（ ）
A.To cut the costs.
B.To promote the sales.
C.To advocate a healthy diet.
D.To avoid food safety issues.
8.What can we conclude from the text？（ ）
A.Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives.
B.Natural flavors are more environmentally friendly.
C.Customers are misled for ignoring labels on packaging.
D.Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think.
2 / 3阅读理解题型分类练（十） 词义猜测题——单词猜测类
A
（2024·贵阳质量监测）It all started with a simple question： “Can I paint your portrait？”
In the summer of 2015， Brian Peterson and his wife， Vanessa， just moved to Santa Ana， California.Outside the couple’s fourth-floor apartment， a messy homeless man was often shouting on the street corner， sometimes keeping them awake at night.Peterson， 28， would pass the guy on his way to his job as a car designer at Kia Corporation， but they never spoke.
One day， Peterson was relaxing in his living room， reading the book Love Does， about the power of love in action， when his quiet was disturbed by the homeless man.Inspired by the book’s sympathetic message， Peterson made an unexpected decision： He was going to go outside and introduce himself.
In that first conversation， Peterson learned that the man’s name was Matt Faris.He’d moved to southern California from Kentucky to pursue a career in music， but he soon fell on hard times and ended up living on the street for more than a decade.
“It was the weirdest thing to me，” Peterson recalled later on the podcast （播客） Top Artist.“I saw beauty on the face of a man who hadn’t shaved in probably a year， had overgrown fingernails， and probably hadn’t had a shower in close to a year.But his story， the life inside of him， inspired me.” And even though Peterson， a graduate of the Cleveland Institute of Art， hadn’t picked up a paintbrush in about eight years， he asked if he could paint Faris’s portrait.Faris said yes.
Peterson’s connection with Faris led to the creation of Faces of Santa Ana， a nonprofit organization that befriends unhoused community members and paints portraits of them.Using a black-and-white photo taken with his phone， Peterson selects colors based on the subject’s personality and story， resulting in powerful portraits.He sells the large paintings， signed by both the subject and the artist， for a few thousand dollars.Half of the profits go into a “love account” for the models， helping them start again.Faris used his portrait funds to fulfill his musical dreams by recording an album.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Brian Peterson在认识流浪汉Matt Faris后成立了一个非营利性组织，专注于与社区中无家可归的人员交朋友并为他们画肖像，通过售卖肖像所得帮助他们重新站起来。
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To explain the portrait. B.To express a request.
C.To ask a question. D.To introduce the topic.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段的目的是引出本文的主题。主人公Brian Peterson在认识流浪汉Matt Faris后，问了这样的问题，从而创建了一个助人组织。
2.How did Peterson feel when just arriving at his new home？（ ）
A.Worried. B.Bothered.
C.Delighted. D.Relaxed.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，一个邋遢的流浪汉经常在街角大喊大叫，有时会让他们彻夜难眠。由此推断，Peterson刚到他的新家时经常被打扰，会感到烦恼。
3.What does the underlined word “weirdest” in Paragraph 5 probably mean？（ ）
A.Strangest. B.Hardest.
C.Most frequent. D.Most beautiful.
解析：A 词义猜测题。画线词所在句的下一句讲到“我在一个大概一年没刮胡子、指甲长得太长、可能将近一年没洗澡的男人脸上看到了美”，再结合选项可知，此处表示这对作者来说很奇怪。画线词意为“最奇怪的”，与A项意思一致。
4.What caused the foundation of Faces of Santa Ana？（ ）
A.Peterson’s relation to Faris.
B.Profits from selling paintings.
C.Colors based on the personality.
D.Peterson’s powerful portraits.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Peterson’s connection with Faris led to the creation of Faces of Santa Ana可知，Peterson与Faris的联系促成了Santa Ana这一非营利性组织的成立。
【难句分析】
译文：Peterson使用手机拍摄黑白照片，根据拍摄对象的个性和故事选择颜色，从而产生了极具感染力的肖像。
B
（2024·太原模拟）Pick up any packaged processed food， and there’s a decent chance that one of its listed ingredients will be the “natural flavor”.The ingredient sounds good， particularly in contrast to “artificial flavors”.But what exactly does the natural flavor mean？ It refers to extracts （提取物） got from natural sources like plants， meat or seafood.When consumers see the “natural flavor” on a label， they are unlikely to assume that someone is squeezing the juice from oranges into their bottles.They know even though natural flavors must come from natural sources， it needn’t all come from the plant or meat.For example， orange flavors might contain not only orange extracts， but also extracts from bark and grass.Nor is the common belief true that ingredients extracted from nature are necessarily safer than something artificially made.
So if flavors like orange are needed， why not just use oranges？ The answer comes down to “availability， cost and sustainability”， according to flavor chemist Gary Reineccius of the University of Minnesota.“If you’re going to use all your grapes on grape soda，” Reineccius says， “you don’t have any grapes for wine making；the products are going to be exorbitant；besides， what do you do with the by-products you create after you’ve squeezed all the juice out of the grapes？”
Actually， while chemists make natural flavors by extracting chemicals from natural ingredients， artificial flavors are made by creating the same chemicals artificially.The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing.“Many of these products have health titles，” says Platkin， professor from Hunter College.“Consumers may be talked to believe products with natural flavors are healthier， though they’re nutritionally no different from those with artificial flavors.Natural flavors may involve more forest clear-cutting and carbon emissions from transport than flavors created in the lab.”
Platkin suggests getting more transparent labeling on packaging that describes exactly what the natural or artificial flavors are， so consumers are not misled into buying one product over another because of “natural flavors”.Reineccius also offers some simple guidance：“Don’t buy anything because it says ‘natural flavors’.Buy it because you like it.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。食品中的天然香料比“人造香料”更健康吗？文章就此进行了论述。
5.Which is a misunderstanding about the “natural flavor” juice according to Paragraph 1？（ ）
A.It comes from 100% original fruit.
B.It is nothing but advertising tricks.
C.It certainly contains extracts made in the lab.
D.It is absolutely safer than juice with artificial flavors.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句可知，消费者在看食物成分表的时候，看到含有“天然香精”字样时会认为食品好，尤其是和人造香精对比；再根据最后一句可知，大家认为天然香精一定比人造香精要安全，这不是真的。
6.What does the underlined word “exorbitant”in Paragraph 2 probably mean？（ ）
A.Popular. B.Expensive.
C.Durable. D.Innovative.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的The answer comes down to “availability， cost and sustainability”可知，原因分为三个部分。本段中的you don’t have any grapes for wine making对应的是availability； the products are going to be exorbitant 对应的是cost； what do you do with the by-products ...the grapes对应的是sustainability。只有B项可以说明成本。
7.Why do companies use natural flavors in their products？（ ）
A.To cut the costs.
B.To promote the sales.
C.To advocate a healthy diet.
D.To avoid food safety issues.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的The reason why companies bother to use natural flavors rather than artificial flavors is simple：marketing.可知，公司使用天然香精是为了营销。To promote the sales是marketing的同义转换。
8.What can we conclude from the text？（ ）
A.Gary and Platkin hold opposite perspectives.
B.Natural flavors are more environmentally friendly.
C.Customers are misled for ignoring labels on packaging.
D.Natural and artificial flavors are more alike than you think.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Consumers may be talked to believe ...no different from those with artificial flavors.可知，消费者相信有天然香精的产品会更健康，尽管从营养上来讲这些产品和用人造香精的产品没有什么差别。
3 / 4
