阅读理解题型分类练（十二） 词义猜测题——代词指代类
A
（2024·合肥最后一卷）Colorado’s Grays Peak rises 14，278 feet above sea level， high enough that trees can’t grow towards the top， though there are plenty of bushes， rocks， etc.It was in this unforgiving place that Bev Wedelstedt was unlucky enough to have a bitter experience.
It was August 2018， and Wedelstedt， 56， was on her way back down the trail （小路） with three friends.A storm was upon， and they were anxious to get off the mountain.When they approached a rocky drop of a couple of feet， Wedelstedt decided that instead of walking down slowly — the safe way to go — she would leap.Then she landed on her left leg and heard a snap （啪嗒声）.
Every step after that was painful.Before long， she had to stop.As one friend ran down to get help， a number of other hikers， all strangers， attempted to help her down the narrow trail by walking on either side of her to support her weight， but that proved slow and dangerous.
Finally， one hiker， Matt， asked her， “How do you feel about a fireman’s carry？” Before she knew it， he lifted her over his shoulder.Matt clearly couldn’t carry her all the way down by himself.So six hikers and one of her friends followed.Three hours and two mountainous miles later， this human conveyor belt finally met the ambulance men， who took Wedelstedt to the hospital.
Now Wedelstedt has mostly recovered from her ill-fated hike， but she knows she’ll never shake one thing from that day： the memory of the band of strangers who came to her rescue.“I told them I wanted to meet a lot of guys， but this isn’t the way I wanted to do it.I’m still in awe now，” she said.
1.What is the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To call on readers to take a trip there.
B.To introduce the scenery of Grays Peak.
C.To show the difficult situation for hikers.
D.To describe Wedelstedt’s favourite travel.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？（ ）
A.Walking down the rocky mountain.
B.Supporting Wedelstedt to walk.
C.Leaping from the mountain top.
D.Keeping Wedelstedt on the trail.
3.How did strangers help Wedelstedt？（ ）
A.By giving her encouragement.
B.By supporting her on both sides.
C.By following her all the way.
D.By carrying her by turns.
4.What does Wedelstedt want to convey in the last paragraph？（ ）
A.She is still scared nowadays.
B.She will forget the sad event.
C.She has a fresh good memory.
D.She is respectful to the strangers.
B
（外刊原创·BBC网站）B.F.Skinner， a famous psychologist and Harvard University professor， came up with an idea after conducting a series of experiments.He showed that pigeons become more addicted to pecking （啄食） a button that delivers seeds if they don’t know when the seeds will be given.
Like pigeons pecking at that button， we tap away on our phones， often disappointed but sometimes getting something that we find exciting， like a good article， and that keeps us coming back.
“In this way you will lose hours of your day， days of your week， months of your life on things that you didn’t even really care about，” he says.
So， is there a way to stop our minds from wandering off？
Nir Eyal， a best-selling author who studies habit formation and an expert on consumer behaviour， knows all the tricks tech companies use to capture our attention.He used to teach them how to do it.
He says you can get back your time and concentration with his help.And he says it’s up to individuals， because “our government is not going to save us， and neither are the tech companies”.
He has a four-step plan to stop getting distracted （分心） by technology.
Step 1 — Manage your own heart： When we’re distracted， we’re normally looking to escape from something uncomfortable.Try to work out what it is and manage it.
Step 2 — Make time for distraction： Set aside time in your day to be distracted — that way it won’t feel like your time is being invaded.Give yourself a set hour that’s “social media time”.
Step 3 — Remove the noise around you： Turn off your notifications and the rings， pings and dings that tell you what to do.
Step 4 — Use an app to prevent distraction： Get a technology app that tries to limit the amount of time you spend on your phone.The key factor is self-awareness： once you realise you’re being distracted by your phone or tablet， you start putting it down.
5.What’s the author’s purpose of giving the example of pigeons？（ ）
A.To show we’re addicted to phones.
B.To show pigeons can’t live without seeds.
C.To explain the theory of conditioned response.
D.To reveal the similarities between man and animals.
6.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to？（ ）
A.Attention. B.Habit formation.
C.Consumer behaviour. D.Capturing our attention.
7.What does Nir Eyal stress when it comes to stopping getting distracted？ （ ）
A.Personal effort.
B.Government support.
C.Help from tech companies.
D.The tricks tech companies use.
8.Which step encourages us to avoid distractions from the outside？（ ）
A.Step 1. B.Step 2.
C.Step 3. D.Step 4.
2 / 3阅读理解题型分类练（十二） 词义猜测题——代词指代类
A
（2024·合肥最后一卷）Colorado’s Grays Peak rises 14，278 feet above sea level， high enough that trees can’t grow towards the top， though there are plenty of bushes， rocks， etc.It was in this unforgiving place that Bev Wedelstedt was unlucky enough to have a bitter experience.
It was August 2018， and Wedelstedt， 56， was on her way back down the trail （小路） with three friends.A storm was upon， and they were anxious to get off the mountain.When they approached a rocky drop of a couple of feet， Wedelstedt decided that instead of walking down slowly — the safe way to go — she would leap.Then she landed on her left leg and heard a snap （啪嗒声）.
Every step after that was painful.Before long， she had to stop.As one friend ran down to get help， a number of other hikers， all strangers， attempted to help her down the narrow trail by walking on either side of her to support her weight， but that proved slow and dangerous.
Finally， one hiker， Matt， asked her， “How do you feel about a fireman’s carry？” Before she knew it， he lifted her over his shoulder.Matt clearly couldn’t carry her all the way down by himself.So six hikers and one of her friends followed.Three hours and two mountainous miles later， this human conveyor belt finally met the ambulance men， who took Wedelstedt to the hospital.
Now Wedelstedt has mostly recovered from her ill-fated hike， but she knows she’ll never shake one thing from that day： the memory of the band of strangers who came to her rescue.“I told them I wanted to meet a lot of guys， but this isn’t the way I wanted to do it.I’m still in awe now，” she said.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Wedelstedt在下山时不幸伤到了左腿，得到一群陌生人的帮助，她的朋友以及其他的登山客组成一条“人肉”传送带，用接力的方式将她背下山，这使得Wedelstedt终生难忘他们的帮助。
1.What is the author’s purpose of writing the first paragraph？（ ）
A.To call on readers to take a trip there.
B.To introduce the scenery of Grays Peak.
C.To show the difficult situation for hikers.
D.To describe Wedelstedt’s favourite travel.
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第一段中Colorado’s Grays Peak rises 14，278 feet above sea level ...和第二段Wedelstedt受伤可知，第一段主要展示科罗拉多州的格雷斯峰对徒步旅行者来说条件很艰苦。
2.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to？（ ）
A.Walking down the rocky mountain.
B.Supporting Wedelstedt to walk.
C.Leaping from the mountain top.
D.Keeping Wedelstedt on the trail.
解析：B 代词指代题。根据第三段语境可知，that指代上文已提到的内容，上文讲到其他人试图搀扶着她下山。因此that指代“支撑Wedelstedt行走”。
3.How did strangers help Wedelstedt？（ ）
A.By giving her encouragement.
B.By supporting her on both sides.
C.By following her all the way.
D.By carrying her by turns.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第四段中this human conveyor belt finally met the ambulance men， who took Wedelstedt to the hospital可知，陌生人通过轮流扛着Wedelstedt下山来帮助她。
4.What does Wedelstedt want to convey in the last paragraph？（ ）
A.She is still scared nowadays.
B.She will forget the sad event.
C.She has a fresh good memory.
D.She is respectful to the strangers.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中but she knows she’ll never shake one thing from that day： the memory of the band of strangers who came to her rescue可知，Wedelstedt终生难忘陌生人的帮助，对他们表示尊敬。
B
（外刊原创·BBC网站）B.F.Skinner， a famous psychologist and Harvard University professor， came up with an idea after conducting a series of experiments.He showed that pigeons become more addicted to pecking （啄食） a button that delivers seeds if they don’t know when the seeds will be given.
Like pigeons pecking at that button， we tap away on our phones， often disappointed but sometimes getting something that we find exciting， like a good article， and that keeps us coming back.
“In this way you will lose hours of your day， days of your week， months of your life on things that you didn’t even really care about，” he says.
So， is there a way to stop our minds from wandering off？
Nir Eyal， a best-selling author who studies habit formation and an expert on consumer behaviour， knows all the tricks tech companies use to capture our attention.He used to teach them how to do it.
He says you can get back your time and concentration with his help.And he says it’s up to individuals， because “our government is not going to save us， and neither are the tech companies”.
He has a four-step plan to stop getting distracted （分心） by technology.
Step 1 — Manage your own heart： When we’re distracted， we’re normally looking to escape from something uncomfortable.Try to work out what it is and manage it.
Step 2 — Make time for distraction： Set aside time in your day to be distracted — that way it won’t feel like your time is being invaded.Give yourself a set hour that’s “social media time”.
Step 3 — Remove the noise around you： Turn off your notifications and the rings， pings and dings that tell you what to do.
Step 4 — Use an app to prevent distraction： Get a technology app that tries to limit the amount of time you spend on your phone.The key factor is self-awareness： once you realise you’re being distracted by your phone or tablet， you start putting it down.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。由于电子产品的干扰，我们越来越难以专注。我们应该怎样拒绝这些干扰呢？
5.What’s the author’s purpose of giving the example of pigeons？（ ）
A.To show we’re addicted to phones.
B.To show pigeons can’t live without seeds.
C.To explain the theory of conditioned response.
D.To reveal the similarities between man and animals.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，作者列举鸽子啄按钮上瘾一例，是为了下文说明我们人类对手机的上瘾。
6.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to？（ ）
A.Attention.
B.Habit formation.
C.Consumer behaviour.
D.Capturing our attention.
解析：D 代词指代题。上文说Nir Eyal熟知科技公司为争夺人们注意力所惯用的那些伎俩，接下来说他曾经教那些公司做此事。显然it是指上文提到的capture our attention。
7.What does Nir Eyal stress when it comes to stopping getting distracted？ （ ）
A.Personal effort.
B.Government support.
C.Help from tech companies.
D.The tricks tech companies use.
解析：A 推理判断题。根据第六段可知，Nir Eyal指出，在夺回注意力的这场战斗中，政府和科技公司都靠不住，关键要靠自己。
8.Which step encourages us to avoid distractions from the outside？（ ）
A.Step 1. B.Step 2.
C.Step 3. D.Step 4.
解析：C 细节理解题。根据四个步骤的介绍可知，第三条建议我们关掉手机的各种通知功能，拒绝来自外界的干扰。
3 / 4
