阅读理解题型分类练（十一） 词义猜测题——短语猜测类
A
（2024·广州综合测试）There’s a classic short story in which a young man travels years ahead and meets his future self.Narratives like this have always been related to science fiction.But what if you could meet your future self？
I’m a psychologist and professor.My research over the past 15 years isn’t far from this theme.I’ve largely focused on how people think about and relate to their future selves， and explored the reasons why we have such a hard time making long-term decisions.In my research， I’ve learnt that we often imagine our future selves like strangers， which can impede us in making long-term choices.One way to bridge the emotional gap is to think of future selves in more concrete and vivid ways， like writing letters to and from one’s future self， which can strengthen the connection between current and future selves.
Admittedly， having people engage in an imagined conversation is a far cry from actually meeting one’s future self.But it’s believed that far richer interactions may happen in the near future through artificial intelligence （AI）.It wouldn’t be predicting exactly what choices you’d make.It’d be more about showing your potential， based on the lives of people similar to you：not just one possible life for you， but rather， the most possible life path for you.Such interactions could offer valuable insights into our potential future selves.
So， to return to my original question：if you could time-travel to meet your future self， what aspects of your life would you want to know more about？I realized， through thorough reflections， that the most powerful questions would be ones that helped me make better choices today — questions exploring personal growth， regrets and unfulfilled actions.
Actually， you don’t need to wait for time travel or advanced AI for answers that you can act on.Through my research， I’ve learnt that simply taking a bit of time to picture this meeting can help you make better choices now.All you need is a little imagination， and the willingness to put yourself in the shoes of a person you currently treat as a stranger.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一位心理学家和教授如何通过研究人们怎样思考与未来的自己建立联系，并探讨了人们为何难以做出长期决策。
1.Why is it difficult for people to make long-term decisions according to the author？（ ）
A.Technology for time travel is not available.
B.Strangers cannot help with decision-making.
C.Writing letters to one’s future self is impractical.
D.People find it hard to connect with their distant selves.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的In my research ...future selves like strangers ...long-term choices.以及下文给出的和未来的自己建立联系的建议可知，人们难以作出长期的决定是因为不容易和未来遥远的自己建立联系。
2.What does the underlined phrase “a far cry from” in Paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A.Contradictory to. B.Very different from.
C.Not as convenient as. D.Less popular than.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据下文中的But it’s believed that far richer interactions ...through artificial intelligence （AI）.可知，让人们进行想象中的对话与真正见到未来的自己相去甚远，也就是说想象的与现实的十分不同。a far cry from与very different from同义。
3.Which question would the author most probably ask his future self？（ ）
A.Why hasn’t my hard work ever paid off？
B.What can AI do to help us become better people？
C.If given the chance， what would you have done differently？
D.How can I succeed without going through all the difficulties in life？
解析：C 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，作者意识到，最有力的问题将是那些帮助自己今天作出更好选择的问题，也就是探索个人成长、遗憾和未实现的行动的问题。由此推断，作者最有可能问未来的自己的问题是“如果有机会，你会做些什么不同的事情？”
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Time Travel： What if You Met Your Future Self？
B.My Research：How Do People View Their Future Selves？
C.Emotional Gap：Why Can’t We Talk with Our Future Selves？
D.Artificial Intelligence：Is It Possible to Meet Your Future Self？
解析：A 标题归纳题。结合全文内容可知，本文开头由“一个经典短篇小说讲述一个年轻人穿越多年，遇见未来的自己”引出话题——如果我们遇见未来的自己会怎样？因此A项为文章最佳标题。
B
（2024·九省联考）In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People， Dale Carnegie wrote：“I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common， but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights， which is how we often think of them.Like physical fights， verbal （言语的） fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win， you end up no better off.You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like， say， tennis tournaments.Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered.Everybody else loses.This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However， there are ways to win an argument every time.When you state your position， formulate （阐述） an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.When you talk with someone who takes a stand， ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully.Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections （异议） and listen carefully to their replies.This method will require effort， but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people， learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them.If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了争论的意义并给出了赢得争论的方法。
5.What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of arguments？（ ）
A.Critical. B.Supportive.
C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.
解析：A 观点态度题。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句可知，作者认为Carnegie对争论的厌恶是基于对争论的错误看法的，且首先就忽略了争论的意义。由此推断，作者对Carnegie关于争论的理解是持批判态度的。
6.Why do many people try to avoid arguments？（ ）
A.They lack debating skills.
B.They may feel bad even if they win.
C.They fear being ignored.
D.They are not confident in themselves.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的verbal （言语的） fights can leave both sides bloodied可知，言语冲突会让双方受到伤害；再根据下文可知，即使争论赢了也不会感觉好受，于是人们就会尽力避免争论。
7.What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（ ）
A.Defend. B.Explain.
C.Conclude. D.Repeat.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中的When you state your position， formulate （阐述） an argument和画线部分前的ask them to give you a reason for their view可知，当你陈述你的立场时，你需要阐述自己的论点；而当别人陈述自己的立场时，你也可以要求他们为自己的观点找出理由并充分“阐述”。由此推测，画线短语spell out意为“阐述，解释”。
8.What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author？（ ）
A.A sense of logic.
B.Solid supporting evidence.
C.Proper manners.
D.Understanding from both sides.
解析：D 推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，如果我们重新调整对争论的看法——从言语斗争或网球比赛到理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们彼此之间获得尊重和理解，那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。由此推断，作者认为“赢得”争论的关键是这种彼此的尊重和理解。
【难句分析】
译文：当你陈述你的立场时，为你所主张的立场阐述一个论点，诚实地问自己你的论点是否好。
译文：如果我们重新调整对争论的看法——从言语斗争或网球比赛到理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们彼此之间获得尊重和理解，那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。
4 / 4阅读理解题型分类练（十一） 词义猜测题——短语猜测类
A
（2024·广州综合测试）There’s a classic short story in which a young man travels years ahead and meets his future self.Narratives like this have always been related to science fiction.But what if you could meet your future self？
I’m a psychologist and professor.My research over the past 15 years isn’t far from this theme.I’ve largely focused on how people think about and relate to their future selves， and explored the reasons why we have such a hard time making long-term decisions.In my research， I’ve learnt that we often imagine our future selves like strangers， which can impede us in making long-term choices.One way to bridge the emotional gap is to think of future selves in more concrete and vivid ways， like writing letters to and from one’s future self， which can strengthen the connection between current and future selves.
Admittedly， having people engage in an imagined conversation is a far cry from actually meeting one’s future self.But it’s believed that far richer interactions may happen in the near future through artificial intelligence （AI）.It wouldn’t be predicting exactly what choices you’d make.It’d be more about showing your potential， based on the lives of people similar to you：not just one possible life for you， but rather， the most possible life path for you.Such interactions could offer valuable insights into our potential future selves.
So， to return to my original question：if you could time-travel to meet your future self， what aspects of your life would you want to know more about？I realized， through thorough reflections， that the most powerful questions would be ones that helped me make better choices today — questions exploring personal growth， regrets and unfulfilled actions.
Actually， you don’t need to wait for time travel or advanced AI for answers that you can act on.Through my research， I’ve learnt that simply taking a bit of time to picture this meeting can help you make better choices now.All you need is a little imagination， and the willingness to put yourself in the shoes of a person you currently treat as a stranger.
1.Why is it difficult for people to make long-term decisions according to the author？（ ）
A.Technology for time travel is not available.
B.Strangers cannot help with decision-making.
C.Writing letters to one’s future self is impractical.
D.People find it hard to connect with their distant selves.
2.What does the underlined phrase “a far cry from” in Paragraph 3 mean？（ ）
A.Contradictory to. B.Very different from.
C.Not as convenient as. D.Less popular than.
3.Which question would the author most probably ask his future self？（ ）
A.Why hasn’t my hard work ever paid off？
B.What can AI do to help us become better people？
C.If given the chance， what would you have done differently？
D.How can I succeed without going through all the difficulties in life？
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Time Travel： What if You Met Your Future Self？
B.My Research：How Do People View Their Future Selves？
C.Emotional Gap：Why Can’t We Talk with Our Future Selves？
D.Artificial Intelligence：Is It Possible to Meet Your Future Self？
B
（2024·九省联考）In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People， Dale Carnegie wrote：“I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument — and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common， but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives — and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights， which is how we often think of them.Like physical fights， verbal （言语的） fights can leave both sides bloodied.Even when you win， you end up no better off.You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions — like， say， tennis tournaments.Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered.Everybody else loses.This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However， there are ways to win an argument every time.When you state your position， formulate （阐述） an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good.When you talk with someone who takes a stand， ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully.Assess its strength and weakness.Raise objections （异议） and listen carefully to their replies.This method will require effort， but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument — not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people， learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them.If we readjust our view of arguments — from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
5.What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of arguments？（ ）
A.Critical. B.Supportive.
C.Tolerant. D.Uncertain.
6.Why do many people try to avoid arguments？（ ）
A.They lack debating skills.
B.They may feel bad even if they win.
C.They fear being ignored.
D.They are not confident in themselves.
7.What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in Paragraph 3 probably mean？（ ）
A.Defend. B.Explain.
C.Conclude. D.Repeat.
8.What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author？（ ）
A.A sense of logic.
B.Solid supporting evidence.
C.Proper manners.
D.Understanding from both sides.
2 / 3
