阅读理解题型分类练（五） 推理判断题——观点态度类
A
（2024·甘肃诊断）Old dogs may not have an easy time learning new tricks， but it’s not a problem for cockatoos （凤头鹦鹉）.In fact， researchers believe they teach one another.In Sydney， Australia， these birds have learned to lift the lids of rubbish bins.Then they can enjoy the treats inside.At first only birds in a few suburbs of Sydney could do the trick.But nearly two years later，the technique spread to birds in 44 suburbs.Cockatoos proved to be smart birds and good learners.
Cockatoos are some of the most fascinating birds in the world.Members of the parrot family， they live in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia.Their striking good looks， intelligence and social nature make them popular pets.
One of the most distinctive features of cockatoos is the crest （羽冠） of feathers on their heads.The birds can raise or lower these feathers at will.If it is excited or scared， a cockatoo will raise its crest to show its emotions.
Cockatoos have powerful beaks （喙） that they use to open seeds and nuts — or rubbish bin lids.They are also versed in using tools.In the wild， some cockatoos use sticks to get insects out of tree bark.Others use small stones to crack open hard-shelled nuts.
Cockatoos are also very social.In the wild， they form large flocks of up to several hundred individuals.They make different sounds to communicate with one another.They engage in playful behaviours such as dancing and cleaning each other’s feathers.
As pets， the birds can form strong bonds with their owners and be entertaining companions.But cockatoos can be challenging pets to keep.They require a lot of attention and social interaction.If they don’t get them， they can become bored and destroy things.Cockatoos live long lives — around 70 years — making keeping one a serious responsibility.
Rather than committing to caring for one at home， enjoy the birds in the wild.Who knows what trick they will learn next！
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了凤头鹦鹉不仅外表美丽，而且内在充满智慧，擅长社交的优点，同时建议人们去野外观赏它们。
1.What is Paragraph 1 aimed at？（ ）
A.Clarifying the weakness of old dogs.
B.Explaining the techniques of cockatoos.
C.Introducing a study in Sydney， Australia.
D.Confirming the intelligence of cockatoos.
解析：D 目的意图题。根据第一段中的the technique spread to birds in 44 suburbs以及最后一句可知，凤头鹦鹉能学会技能，它们非常聪明且是很好的学习者，所以第一段的写作目的是展示凤头鹦鹉的才智。
2.What does the underlined word “versed” in Paragraph 4 mean？（ ）
A.Skillful. B.Inexperienced.
C.Interested. D.Hard-working.
解析：A 词义猜测题。根据第四段最后两句可知，一些凤头鹦鹉可以用木棍抠出树皮下的昆虫。还有一些可以用小石头砸开坚硬的坚果。由此可见，它们非常“擅长”使用工具。
3.What is the author’s attitude to keeping a cockatoo at home？（ ）
A.Optimistic. B.Disapproving.
C.Indifferent. D.Unclear.
解析：B 观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句可知，与其全心全意在家里照顾鸟儿，不如在野外欣赏鸟儿。由此可见，作者不支持在家饲养凤头鹦鹉。
4.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Pets — Trick or Treat
B.Cockatoos — Beauty and Brains
C.Pets — Dogs or Cockatoos
D.Cockatoos — Social but Shy
解析：B 标题归纳题。本文第一段讲到了凤头鹦鹉是smart birds and good learners，第二段讲到了它们有striking good looks，intelligence，第四段讲到了它们versed in using tools，第五段讲到了它们喜欢社交，最后两段则讲到了它们不太适合作为宠物被饲养。综合可知，B项适合作本文的标题。
B
（2024·杭州质检）Is forgiveness against our human nature？ To answer this question， we need to ask a further question：What is the essence of our humanity？ For the sake of simplicity， people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness， Droll （1984） made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature， much to their harm.In his opinion， forgivers are compromising their wellbeing as they offer mercy to others， who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation， mutual respect， and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings， we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love， our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to have more power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example， how well has slavery （奴隶制） worked as a mode of social harmony？
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans， forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness， shown through scientific studies， is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged （不和的） accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note， when we take a classical realism philosophical perspective， that of Aristotle， we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive， but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving， its actual appropriation in conflict situations， develops with practice.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章从人性角度论述了两种关于原谅的观点，说明了原谅的好处，指出原谅是可以通过训练提升的。
5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness？（ ）
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.Forgiveness has negative effects on us.
解析：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Droll认为原谅别人的人在宽恕他人的时候，也在损害自己的幸福，而被宽恕的人可能会利用他们。
6.What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate？（ ）
A.To forgive is to love.
B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow.
D.To give is to receive.
解析：B 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，支配他人的意志并不能促成和谐的互动。由此可以推断，作者举奴隶制这个例子是为了说明“支配他人就是伤害”。
7.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness？（ ）
A.Favorable. B.Opposed.
C.Objective. D.Skeptical.
解析：A 观点态度题。根据第三段和第四段第二句可知，作者认为原谅可以减少仇恨，恢复和谐，打破愤怒的循环，愈合关系，将人们再次联系在一起，且人们应该学习原谅并提升原谅的能力。由此推断，作者对原谅持支持的态度。
8.What is the main idea of the last paragraph？（ ）
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
解析：C 段落大意题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，我们不一定天生就有原谅的能力，但我们有潜力学习原谅并提升我们原谅的能力，原谅是随着练习而发展的。由此推断，本段主要说明原谅是可以通过练习提升的。
【熟词生义】
compromise 熟义：v.妥协，让步 生义：v.损害
例句：This dangerous drug can further compromise an already weakened immune system.
这个危险药物可能进一步损害本已脆弱的免疫系统。
【难句分析】
译文：从第二个观点来看，作为人类，原谅在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性中起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，原谅的结果之一是仇恨的减少和和谐的恢复。
3 / 4阅读理解题型分类练（五） 推理判断题——观点态度类
A
（2024·甘肃诊断）Old dogs may not have an easy time learning new tricks， but it’s not a problem for cockatoos （凤头鹦鹉）.In fact， researchers believe they teach one another.In Sydney， Australia， these birds have learned to lift the lids of rubbish bins.Then they can enjoy the treats inside.At first only birds in a few suburbs of Sydney could do the trick.But nearly two years later， the technique spread to birds in 44 suburbs.Cockatoos proved to be smart birds and good learners.
Cockatoos are some of the most fascinating birds in the world.Members of the parrot family， they live in Australia and parts of Southeast Asia.Their striking good looks， intelligence and social nature make them popular pets.
One of the most distinctive features of cockatoos is the crest （羽冠） of feathers on their heads.The birds can raise or lower these feathers at will.If it is excited or scared， a cockatoo will raise its crest to show its emotions.
Cockatoos have powerful beaks （喙） that they use to open seeds and nuts — or rubbish bin lids.They are also versed in using tools.In the wild， some cockatoos use sticks to get insects out of tree bark.Others use small stones to crack open hard-shelled nuts.
Cockatoos are also very social.In the wild， they form large flocks of up to several hundred individuals.They make different sounds to communicate with one another.They engage in playful behaviours such as dancing and cleaning each other’s feathers.
As pets， the birds can form strong bonds with their owners and be entertaining companions.But cockatoos can be challenging pets to keep.They require a lot of attention and social interaction.If they don’t get them， they can become bored and destroy things.Cockatoos live long lives — around 70 years — making keeping one a serious responsibility.
Rather than committing to caring for one at home， enjoy the birds in the wild.Who knows what trick they will learn next！
1.What is Paragraph 1 aimed at？（ ）
A.Clarifying the weakness of old dogs.
B.Explaining the techniques of cockatoos.
C.Introducing a study in Sydney， Australia.
D.Confirming the intelligence of cockatoos.
2.What does the underlined word “versed” in Paragraph 4 mean？（ ）
A.Skillful. B.Inexperienced.
C.Interested. D.Hard-working.
3.What is the author’s attitude to keeping a cockatoo at home？（ ）
A.Optimistic. B.Disapproving.
C.Indifferent. D.Unclear.
4.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text？（ ）
A.Pets — Trick or Treat
B.Cockatoos — Beauty and Brains
C.Pets — Dogs or Cockatoos
D.Cockatoos — Social but Shy
B
（2024·杭州质检）Is forgiveness against our human nature？ To answer this question， we need to ask a further question：What is the essence of our humanity？ For the sake of simplicity， people consider two distinctly different views of humanity.The first view involves dominance and power.In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness， Droll （1984） made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows.Those who forgive are against their basic nature， much to their harm.In his opinion， forgivers are compromising their wellbeing as they offer mercy to others， who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation， mutual respect， and even love as the basis of who we are as humans.Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings， we need both to receive love from and offer love to others.Without love， our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart.Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to have more power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.For example， how well has slavery （奴隶制） worked as a mode of social harmony？
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans， forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness， shown through scientific studies， is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony.Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger.At least to an extent the people from whom you are estranged （不和的） accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments.Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note， when we take a classical realism philosophical perspective， that of Aristotle， we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality.We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive， but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.The actuality of forgiving， its actual appropriation in conflict situations， develops with practice.
5.What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness？（ ）
A.People should offer mercy to others.
B.Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C.Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D.Forgiveness has negative effects on us.
6.What does the example in Paragraph 2 illustrate？（ ）
A.To forgive is to love.
B.To dominate is to harm.
C.To fight is to grow.
D.To give is to receive.
7.What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness？（ ）
A.Favorable.
B.Opposed.
C.Objective.
D.Skeptical.
8.What is the main idea of the last paragraph？（ ）
A.Forgiveness is in our nature.
B.Forgiveness grows with time.
C.It takes practice to forgive.
D.Actuality is based on potentiality.
2 / 3
