阅读理解题型分类练（二） 细节理解题——间接信息类
A
（外刊原创·NPR网站）Many parents and teachers today are feeling frustrated because children don’t behave the way they used to in the good old days. What happened？ Why don’t today’s children develop the same kinds of responsibility and motivation that seemed more common in children many years ago？
There are many possible explanations， such as broken homes， too much television， video games， and working mothers. These factors are so common in our society today that the situation would seem rather hopeless if they really explained our current challenges with children. Rudolf Dreikurs had another theory.
There are many major changes that have taken place in society over the past few years that more directly explain the differences in children today.
The first major change is that adults no longer give children an example or model of obedience （顺从）. Adults forget that they no longer act the way they used to in the good old days. Remember when Mom obediently did whatever Dad said because it was the culturally acceptable thing to do？ In the good old days few people questioned the idea that Dad’s decisions were final. Because of the human rights movement， this is no longer true. Mom quit giving the children a model of obedience. This is progress. Many things about the good old days were not so good.
Another major change is that in today’s society children have fewer opportunities to learn responsibility and motivation. Today children are given too much in the name of love without any effort or investment on their part and they develop an entitlement attitude. Too many mothers and fathers believe that good parents protect their children from all disappointment. They rescue or overprotect — thus robbing their children of the opportunity to develop a belief in their capability to handle the ups and downs of life.
Children do not develop responsibility when parents and teachers are too strict and controlling， nor do they develop responsibility when parents and teachers are permissive （纵容的）. Children learn responsibility when they have opportunities to learn valuable social and life skills for good character in an atmosphere of kindness， firmness， dignity， and respect.
1.Rudolf Dreikurs’s theory intends to .（ ）
A.tell us what changes have taken place
B.prove today’s children lack motivation
C.analyse how our society has been developing
D.explain why today’s children don’t behave well
2.What attitude does the author take towards Mom’s obedience？（ ）
A.Curious. B.Doubtful.
C.Negative. D.Favourable.
3.Why do children today lack a sense of responsibility？（ ）
A.They are influenced by the Internet world.
B.They get too much care from their parents.
C.They are affected by the social environment.
D.They don’t receive good education at school.
4.What do children need most according to the author？（ ）
A.Teachers’ strict discipline.
B.Chances to learn and grow up.
C.Parents’ constant encouragement.
D.Being treated with respect and dignity.
B
（2024·广州综合测试）When adult humans meet a baby， many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched （更高音的）， sing-song voice.This shift， known as parentese， is not unique to humans — it has also been observed in animals like monkeys and gorillas.Now， scientists are adding one more species to that list：bottlenose dolphins.
Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups.They communicate in a unique way：every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID card， usually by its first birthday.But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle？For babies， it might have something to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery， researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make.
Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose dolphins.When the mother dolphins were near their young， they continued to make their signature sound， but at a higher frequency.They also used a wider range of frequencies than they did when their babies were not nearby.
This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls by themselves.Since dolphin babies often spend some years with their mothers before living on their own， it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to communicate.At the very least， the higher-pitched whistle likely gets the babies’ attention.“It’s important for a baby to know，‘Oh， Mum’s talking to me now，’” says marine biologist June Mann.
This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans.“It is absolutely essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate，” says Mann.“I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of others， which is what happens in humans.”
5.What do the underlined words “this mystery” in Paragraph 2 refer to？（ ）
A.Why dolphins live and play in groups.
B.How dolphins develop their unique sounds.
C.What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess.
D.Whether dolphins can use parentese like humans.
6.How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins？（ ）
A.By analyzing mother dolphins’ sound features.
B.By recording parent-child interaction frequencies.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D.By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.
7.What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young？（ ）
A.To help them learn to talk.
B.To teach them hunting skills.
C.To express worry and care.
D.To distract their attention.
8.What is the purpose of the text？（ ）
A.To compare the parentese of humans and dolphins.
B.To illustrate the development of dolphin intelligence.
C.To share new findings about dolphin communication.
D.To highlight the value of studying dolphins’ language.
3 / 3阅读理解题型分类练（二） 细节理解题——间接信息类
A
（外刊原创·NPR网站）Many parents and teachers today are feeling frustrated because children don’t behave the way they used to in the good old days. What happened？ Why don’t today’s children develop the same kinds of responsibility and motivation that seemed more common in children many years ago？
There are many possible explanations， such as broken homes， too much television， video games， and working mothers. These factors are so common in our society today that the situation would seem rather hopeless if they really explained our current challenges with children. Rudolf Dreikurs had another theory.
There are many major changes that have taken place in society over the past few years that more directly explain the differences in children today.
The first major change is that adults no longer give children an example or model of obedience （顺从）. Adults forget that they no longer act the way they used to in the good old days. Remember when Mom obediently did whatever Dad said because it was the culturally acceptable thing to do？ In the good old days few people questioned the idea that Dad’s decisions were final. Because of the human rights movement， this is no longer true. Mom quit giving the children a model of obedience. This is progress. Many things about the good old days were not so good.
Another major change is that in today’s society children have fewer opportunities to learn responsibility and motivation. Today children are given too much in the name of love without any effort or investment on their part and they develop an entitlement attitude. Too many mothers and fathers believe that good parents protect their children from all disappointment. They rescue or overprotect — thus robbing their children of the opportunity to develop a belief in their capability to handle the ups and downs of life.
Children do not develop responsibility when parents and teachers are too strict and controlling， nor do they develop responsibility when parents and teachers are permissive （纵容的）. Children learn responsibility when they have opportunities to learn valuable social and life skills for good character in an atmosphere of kindness， firmness， dignity， and respect.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。如今的孩子越来越难管教，其原因是什么？我们应该怎么办呢？
1.Rudolf Dreikurs’s theory intends to .（ ）
A.tell us what changes have taken place
B.prove today’s children lack motivation
C.analyse how our society has been developing
D.explain why today’s children don’t behave well
解析：D 推理判断题。根据第二段可知，对于为什么今天的孩子越来越难管教，作者列举了各种可能的原因和解释，但Rudolf Dreikurs对此另有一番理论。
2.What attitude does the author take towards Mom’s obedience？（ ）
A.Curious. B.Doubtful.
C.Negative. D.Favourable.
解析：C 观点态度题。根据第四段可知，过去母亲在家里是一种非常顺从的形象，如今的母亲不再唯（丈夫之）命是从。作者认为这是一种进步，这说明作者对于过去社会强加给母亲的这种形象并不认可。
3.Why do children today lack a sense of responsibility？（ ）
A.They are influenced by the Internet world.
B.They get too much care from their parents.
C.They are affected by the social environment.
D.They don’t receive good education at school.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知，今天的孩子之所以缺乏责任感，是因为父母给予他们过多的关爱和保护，使得他们丧失了历练的机会。
4.What do children need most according to the author？（ ）
A.Teachers’ strict discipline.
B.Chances to learn and grow up.
C.Parents’ constant encouragement.
D.Being treated with respect and dignity.
解析：B 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，对于孩子来说，过分严格和过分关爱都不可取，我们最需要做的是给他们学习、锻炼和成长的机会。
B
（2024·广州综合测试）When adult humans meet a baby， many can’t help speaking in a higher-pitched （更高音的）， sing-song voice.This shift， known as parentese， is not unique to humans — it has also been observed in animals like monkeys and gorillas.Now， scientists are adding one more species to that list：bottlenose dolphins.
Dolphins are intelligent animals that live and hunt in groups.They communicate in a unique way：every individual produces its own signature sound that acts much like an ID card， usually by its first birthday.But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle？For babies， it might have something to do with listening to Mum.To solve this mystery， researchers examined the sounds mother dolphins make.
Scientists studied 34 years’ worth of recordings of sounds made by 19 female bottlenose dolphins.When the mother dolphins were near their young， they continued to make their signature sound， but at a higher frequency.They also used a wider range of frequencies than they did when their babies were not nearby.
This discovery suggests that using these modifications mother dolphins assist their young in learning how to produce these calls by themselves.Since dolphin babies often spend some years with their mothers before living on their own， it makes sense that this adaptation would help them learn to communicate.At the very least， the higher-pitched whistle likely gets the babies’ attention.“It’s important for a baby to know，‘Oh， Mum’s talking to me now，’” says marine biologist June Mann.
This kind of research could help us understand how language developed in humans.“It is absolutely essential to have basic knowledge about other species and how they communicate，” says Mann.“I would be really interested to see whether dolphins also change their sounds when interacting with babies of others， which is what happens in humans.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。海豚妈妈通过教授幼崽使用独特的声音来教会幼崽说话。文章解释了研究开展的经过以及研究的意义。
5.What do the underlined words “this mystery” in Paragraph 2 refer to？（ ）
A.Why dolphins live and play in groups.
B.How dolphins develop their unique sounds.
C.What aspects of intelligence dolphins possess.
D.Whether dolphins can use parentese like humans.
解析：B 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，每只海豚都会发出自己特有的声音，其作用很像身份证；然后提出疑问：But how does each come up with its distinctive whistle？。接着为了解决这个谜团，研究人员检查了海豚妈妈发出的声音。因此this mystery指的是海豚如何发出独特的声音。
6.How did the researchers carry out their study of dolphins？（ ）
A.By analyzing mother dolphins’ sound features.
B.By recording parent-child interaction frequencies.
C.By measuring the distance between parent and child.
D.By examining the speech organs of mother dolphins.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段的分析可知，研究人员是通过分析海豚妈妈的声音特征来研究海豚的。
7.What is a suggested reason why dolphin mothers use parentese with their young？（ ）
A.To help them learn to talk.
B.To teach them hunting skills.
C.To express worry and care.
D.To distract their attention.
解析：A 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，由于海豚宝宝在独立生活之前经常与母亲一起度过几年，因此这种适应将帮助它们学会交流是有道理的，也就是说，海豚妈妈对待幼崽的这种方式是在帮助它们学会说话。
8.What is the purpose of the text？（ ）
A.To compare the parentese of humans and dolphins.
B.To illustrate the development of dolphin intelligence.
C.To share new findings about dolphin communication.
D.To highlight the value of studying dolphins’ language.
解析：C 目的意图题。本文第一段引出话题“海豚和人类一样用亲子语进行交流”，故本文的目的是分享有关海豚交流的新发现。
【难句分析】
译文：我真的很想知道海豚在与其他海豚的幼崽互动时是否也会改变它们的声音，这种现象在人类中发生。
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