《直通名校》完形填空三讲 防微杜渐，全篇思读，拉分题目智取（教师版）-高考英语二轮复习
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| 名称 | 《直通名校》完形填空三讲 防微杜渐，全篇思读，拉分题目智取（教师版）-高考英语二轮复习 |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 80.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-28 00:00:00 | ||
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第三讲 防微杜渐，全篇思读，拉分题目智取
高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③文中人物的情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应提升思维品质和推理能力。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后决断。
易错点（一） 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理判断，从而作出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再作判定。
【典例】 （2024·1月浙江卷节选）
... Perhaps most 47.remarkable， however， was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor ...
It would have been easy to 51.rely on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed， 52 ， and admirable person prevented me doing so ...
52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled
C.warm-hearted D.self-educated
解题思路 本题是典型的语篇层次题，仅凭题目所在的句子无法确定答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。此处呼应上文的this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor，表示这个年轻人自学成才。well-behaved行为端正的；multi-skilled多技能的；warm-hearted热心的；self-educated自学的。
参考答案 D
易错点（二） 因不能正确区分形近词或近义词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或近义词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。
【典例】 （2024·全国甲卷节选）
... The only opportunity （机会） she could seize to 47.study was when her brother was having Chinese 48.lessons with the family tutor.She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table， listening 49 .
49.A.closely B.directly
C.nervously D.freely
解题思路 四个选项形式相似、词性相同，部分学生容易因混淆而失分。根据上文描述奶奶无法去学校上学可知，奶奶唯一的学习机会是旁听哥哥的中文课，每次都会认真听。closely由close加-ly词缀派生而来，意为“仔细地”。
参考答案 A
易错点（三） 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
【典例】 （2024·1月浙江卷节选）
It would have been easy to 51.rely on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed， 52.self-educated， and admirable person prevented me doing so.In the course of a couple of hours， he 53.showed me just how much one can gain from 54.traveling with an open mind， and a willingness to 55 with locals from all walks of life.
55.A.cooperate B.side
C.negotiate D.engage
解题思路 根据上文描述的作者与年轻人的交谈和下文的with locals from all walks of life可知，此处表示和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……建立密切关系”。cooperate合作；side支持；negotiate协商。 对于学生而言，这四个词含义较为生僻，较难选出正确答案。
参考答案 D
易错点（四） 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“生义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago， I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France， but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 41 ， Italy was the clear winner.
41.A.study B.rent C.visit D.settle
解题思路 根据上文可知，作者喜欢在法国旅游，但如果挑选长住的地方，意大利更胜一筹。settle为多义词，既可表示“解决”，又可表示“定居，安顿；（使）平静下来”。
参考答案 D
易错点（五） 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如我们的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能让学生形成一些思维定式。这些思维定式往往导致我们作出错误的选择。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
（1）学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思，而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例：不能用succeed to do sth表达“成功做某事”。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词形转化。
（2）学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例：学习wait for后，有些学生在遇到wait后面接介词时，就选择for。但在He stopped his car to wait at the red light.中不用for。解题时要注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系，整句理解和整段把握。
【典例】 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
The flight was 53.uneventful， and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day， she 54 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 55.thankful and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
54.A.returned B.fought C.flew D.agreed
解题思路 根据上下文可知，作者带着狗到达了堪萨斯城，后面的行程由Karen带着狗继续飞往弗吉尼亚。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到with就下意识地以为选择agree with这个固定搭配，从而误选。
参考答案 C
（2024·杭州模拟）For the past 18 years， my daughter has been around me all the time. Now that she is in college， the 1 of our relationship has totally changed and our relationship is completely 2 . I’m not going to be there every morning to have breakfast with her. I won’t know when she’s mad or when she’s happy. Here’s a little story of our new 3 .
A week ago， my daughter wanted to 4 so she called me during the day as I was in meetings. I tried to 5 her later on， but she was in class. At midnight， she reached out 6 to ask if we could talk. Well， guess what？ I was 7 . I thought we would talk the next day， but she was not 8 .
Research shows that parents are 9 when their children are grown up， but for me that is when I start to get concerned. I am always left to 10 ： How can I， as a parent， remain 11 to my daughter to guide， support and love through life’s changes？
We may have to 12 the way we communicate. My daughter encouraged me to go digital. That’s how I ventured into the world of social media， following her updates and occasionally sharing my own experiences. Through this 13 presence， the physical gap is 14 and I feel I still have an active role in her life. This experience serves as a reminder that 15 ， however scary， holds the promise of growth in our shared journey.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与女儿的关系随着女儿进入大学而发生的变化，以及作者如何适应这种变化并努力维持与女儿的联系。
1.A.problem B.progress
C.goal D.context
解析：D 根据上文For the past 18 years， my daughter has been around me all the time. Now that she is in college可知，作者和女儿的关系背景发生了变化。
2.A.cold B.special
C.different D.casual
解析：C 根据上下文可知，作者和女儿的关系与以前不同了。
3.A.normal B.idea
C.approach D.solution
解析：A 根据下文A week ago， my daughter wanted ... she was in class.可知，此处是作者与女儿相处的新常态。
4.A.catch up B.take over
C.check out D.break away
解析：A 根据下文ask if we could talk可知，女儿想聊天了解作者的情况。catch up了解（已发生的事情）。
5.A.affect B.understand
C.contact D.persuade
解析：C 根据下文but she was in class可知，作者试图联系女儿。
6.A.by taxi B.by text
C.in private D.in person
解析：B 根据下文ask if we could talk并结合时间是半夜可知，女儿通过短信询问作者能否聊天。
7.A.stupid B.angry
C.excited D.asleep
解析：D 根据上文At midnight可知，作者已经睡着了。
8.A.available B.interested
C.ready D.guilty
解析：A 根据上文I thought we would talk the next day， but ...可知，作者的女儿没空了。
9.A.saddest B.busiest
C.happiest D.best
解析：C 根据下文but for me that is when I start to get concerned可知，此处表示“最幸福的”。
10.A.decide B.wonder
C.investigate D.distinguish
解析：B 根据下文How can I， as a parent， remain ... support and love through life’s changes？可知，下文说的是作者试图弄明白的问题。
11.A.kind B.appreciative
C.sensitive D.relevant
解析：D 根据下文to guide， support and love through life’s changes可知，作者希望自己能够通过继续指导、支持和关爱女儿来和她的生活保持关联。relevant相关的，有关的。
12.A.voice B.ignore
C.shift D.continue
解析：C 根据下文My daughter encouraged me to go digital.可知，此处表示要改变沟通的方式。
13.A.human B.virtual
C.physical D.permanent
解析：B 根据上文My daughter encouraged me to go digital.可知，作者接受女儿的建议，使用数字工具，通过虚拟的方式仍然得以在女儿的生活中扮演着一个积极的角色。
14.A.widened B.formed
C.broken D.bridged
解析：D 根据上文the physical gap以及下文I feel I still have an active role in her life可知，作者通过使用数字工具，得以缩短物理上的距离，仍然在女儿的生活中扮演着一个积极的角色。bridge the gap是一个习语，表示“缩短距离，缩小差距；消除隔阂”。
15.A.college B.relationship
C.change D.communication
解析：C 根据上文可知，作者的女儿去上大学，两人的关系发生了变化，但是作者采取措施积极应对了这一变化。
6 / 6
高考具有选拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中总有2～3道较难的题目成为学生取得高分的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；②干扰项迷惑性较强；③文中人物的情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，学生除了需要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应提升思维品质和推理能力。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让学生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后决断。
易错点（一） 因缺乏全篇关联思维而错选
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这就要求学生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理判断，从而作出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再作判定。
【典例】 （2024·1月浙江卷节选）
... Perhaps most 47.remarkable， however， was the fact that this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor ...
It would have been easy to 51.rely on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed， 52 ， and admirable person prevented me doing so ...
52.A.well-behaved B.multi-skilled
C.warm-hearted D.self-educated
解题思路 本题是典型的语篇层次题，仅凭题目所在的句子无法确定答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。此处呼应上文的this man spent hours studying every day after hard physical labor，表示这个年轻人自学成才。well-behaved行为端正的；multi-skilled多技能的；warm-hearted热心的；self-educated自学的。
参考答案 D
易错点（二） 因不能正确区分形近词或近义词而错选
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词或近义词让学生辨析，因为词形相近或意义相近，无形中增加了难度，如果学生对这些词掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易错选。
【典例】 （2024·全国甲卷节选）
... The only opportunity （机会） she could seize to 47.study was when her brother was having Chinese 48.lessons with the family tutor.She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table， listening 49 .
49.A.closely B.directly
C.nervously D.freely
解题思路 四个选项形式相似、词性相同，部分学生容易因混淆而失分。根据上文描述奶奶无法去学校上学可知，奶奶唯一的学习机会是旁听哥哥的中文课，每次都会认真听。closely由close加-ly词缀派生而来，意为“仔细地”。
参考答案 A
易错点（三） 因词汇理解障碍而错选
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些学生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造成错选。对于这些词汇，学生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。
【典例】 （2024·1月浙江卷节选）
It would have been easy to 51.rely on my assumptions about this highway builder who had never been more than a few hundred miles from home.But this highly informed， 52.self-educated， and admirable person prevented me doing so.In the course of a couple of hours， he 53.showed me just how much one can gain from 54.traveling with an open mind， and a willingness to 55 with locals from all walks of life.
55.A.cooperate B.side
C.negotiate D.engage
解题思路 根据上文描述的作者与年轻人的交谈和下文的with locals from all walks of life可知，此处表示和各行各业的当地人打交道，应用短语engage with表示“与……建立密切关系”。cooperate合作；side支持；negotiate协商。 对于学生而言，这四个词含义较为生僻，较难选出正确答案。
参考答案 D
易错点（四） 因不明一词多义或熟词生义而错选
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是学生容易失分的一个地方。很多学生由于不懂这些熟词的“生义”而出现思维障碍，造成了不应有的失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助学生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例】 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago， I didn’t think too long.I liked traveling in France， but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 41 ， Italy was the clear winner.
41.A.study B.rent C.visit D.settle
解题思路 根据上文可知，作者喜欢在法国旅游，但如果挑选长住的地方，意大利更胜一筹。settle为多义词，既可表示“解决”，又可表示“定居，安顿；（使）平静下来”。
参考答案 D
易错点（五） 因惯性思维而错选
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如我们的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能让学生形成一些思维定式。这些思维定式往往导致我们作出错误的选择。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
（1）学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
学生往往过于简单化地记忆单词的中文意思，而忽略实际用法及英汉差异。例：不能用succeed to do sth表达“成功做某事”。解题时要关注语境、含义、用法及词形转化。
（2）学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
学生在学习词组时容易受到思维定式影响。例：学习wait for后，有些学生在遇到wait后面接介词时，就选择for。但在He stopped his car to wait at the red light.中不用for。解题时要注意文章结构、上下文逻辑关系，整句理解和整段把握。
【典例】 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷节选）
The flight was 53.uneventful， and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day， she 54 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 55.thankful and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
54.A.returned B.fought C.flew D.agreed
解题思路 根据上下文可知，作者带着狗到达了堪萨斯城，后面的行程由Karen带着狗继续飞往弗吉尼亚。但学生受思维定式影响，可能看到with就下意识地以为选择agree with这个固定搭配，从而误选。
参考答案 C
（2024·杭州模拟）For the past 18 years， my daughter has been around me all the time. Now that she is in college， the 1 of our relationship has totally changed and our relationship is completely 2 . I’m not going to be there every morning to have breakfast with her. I won’t know when she’s mad or when she’s happy. Here’s a little story of our new 3 .
A week ago， my daughter wanted to 4 so she called me during the day as I was in meetings. I tried to 5 her later on， but she was in class. At midnight， she reached out 6 to ask if we could talk. Well， guess what？ I was 7 . I thought we would talk the next day， but she was not 8 .
Research shows that parents are 9 when their children are grown up， but for me that is when I start to get concerned. I am always left to 10 ： How can I， as a parent， remain 11 to my daughter to guide， support and love through life’s changes？
We may have to 12 the way we communicate. My daughter encouraged me to go digital. That’s how I ventured into the world of social media， following her updates and occasionally sharing my own experiences. Through this 13 presence， the physical gap is 14 and I feel I still have an active role in her life. This experience serves as a reminder that 15 ， however scary， holds the promise of growth in our shared journey.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与女儿的关系随着女儿进入大学而发生的变化，以及作者如何适应这种变化并努力维持与女儿的联系。
1.A.problem B.progress
C.goal D.context
解析：D 根据上文For the past 18 years， my daughter has been around me all the time. Now that she is in college可知，作者和女儿的关系背景发生了变化。
2.A.cold B.special
C.different D.casual
解析：C 根据上下文可知，作者和女儿的关系与以前不同了。
3.A.normal B.idea
C.approach D.solution
解析：A 根据下文A week ago， my daughter wanted ... she was in class.可知，此处是作者与女儿相处的新常态。
4.A.catch up B.take over
C.check out D.break away
解析：A 根据下文ask if we could talk可知，女儿想聊天了解作者的情况。catch up了解（已发生的事情）。
5.A.affect B.understand
C.contact D.persuade
解析：C 根据下文but she was in class可知，作者试图联系女儿。
6.A.by taxi B.by text
C.in private D.in person
解析：B 根据下文ask if we could talk并结合时间是半夜可知，女儿通过短信询问作者能否聊天。
7.A.stupid B.angry
C.excited D.asleep
解析：D 根据上文At midnight可知，作者已经睡着了。
8.A.available B.interested
C.ready D.guilty
解析：A 根据上文I thought we would talk the next day， but ...可知，作者的女儿没空了。
9.A.saddest B.busiest
C.happiest D.best
解析：C 根据下文but for me that is when I start to get concerned可知，此处表示“最幸福的”。
10.A.decide B.wonder
C.investigate D.distinguish
解析：B 根据下文How can I， as a parent， remain ... support and love through life’s changes？可知，下文说的是作者试图弄明白的问题。
11.A.kind B.appreciative
C.sensitive D.relevant
解析：D 根据下文to guide， support and love through life’s changes可知，作者希望自己能够通过继续指导、支持和关爱女儿来和她的生活保持关联。relevant相关的，有关的。
12.A.voice B.ignore
C.shift D.continue
解析：C 根据下文My daughter encouraged me to go digital.可知，此处表示要改变沟通的方式。
13.A.human B.virtual
C.physical D.permanent
解析：B 根据上文My daughter encouraged me to go digital.可知，作者接受女儿的建议，使用数字工具，通过虚拟的方式仍然得以在女儿的生活中扮演着一个积极的角色。
14.A.widened B.formed
C.broken D.bridged
解析：D 根据上文the physical gap以及下文I feel I still have an active role in her life可知，作者通过使用数字工具，得以缩短物理上的距离，仍然在女儿的生活中扮演着一个积极的角色。bridge the gap是一个习语，表示“缩短距离，缩小差距；消除隔阂”。
15.A.college B.relationship
C.change D.communication
解析：C 根据上文可知，作者的女儿去上大学，两人的关系发生了变化，但是作者采取措施积极应对了这一变化。
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