语法项目(二) 根据一致关系、句子成分 确定代词
近几年,高考语法填空对代词的考查主要集中在其基本用法上,因此这类试题一般较为简单。学生在解题时要根据语境、句意判断人称和数,仔细阅读上下文,根据代词具体指代的对象和在句中充当的成分,确定代词。未来高考对代词的考查将继续侧重代词的基本用法,会加强语境的真实性和复杂性。
一、思维定向——如何确定是否填代词
解题攻略
第一步:确定是否填代词
无提示词时,如果设空处在句中作主语或宾语,则应该填代词。
第二步:判断填哪个代词
无提示词时,代词考查的三种情况:①指代上文提到的人或物;
②作形式主语或形式宾语的it;
③引起强调句(It is/was ...that ...)的it。在无提示词的情况下,高考代词的考查多为后两种情况。
典例印证
【典例】 (2024·唐山模拟)This overlapping nature leaves openings in the front and back of the skirt, making very suitable for horse-riding.
【分析】 第一步:确定填代词。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少宾语,因此本空应该填代词。
第二步:判断填哪个代词。此处make缺少宾语,指代the skirt,应该使用代词it,从而避免重复出现the skirt。
参考答案 it
二、解题规则——判断代词的3种策略
快捷思维
策略1:句意清,指代明
无提示词类填空,当句中缺少主语或宾语时,多考查代词it。
(1)如果设空处上文出现了单数名词,并且设空处作主语,可根据代指的情况用he、 she或it;
(2)如果设空处上文出现了单数名词,并且设空处作宾语,可根据代指的情况用him、 her或it;
(3)如果设空处上文出现了复数名词,并且设空处作主语,用they;
(4)如果设空处上文出现了复数名词,并且设空处作宾语,用them。
典例印证
1.(2024·成都二诊)Tea is an essential part of Chinese culture and tradition. is common in Chinese people’s daily life, as steeped (浸泡的) or boiled tea is served in families, workplaces, tea houses, and restaurants, to name a few.
2.(2024·河北省大联考)As a scientist, the emperor was interested in the new liquid, drank some, and found very refreshing.
3.(2024·衡水中学一调)Running for more than 20,000 kilometers, the Great Wall is a historical landmark of unparalleled glory, but climbing is hard work.
快捷思维
策略2:熟记不定代词的区别
(1)another泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数;
(2)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,常用结构:some ...others ...;
(3)the other指两者中的另一个,表示特指;
(4)that指代上文出现的单数名词或不可数名词;
(5)those指代上文出现的复数名词。
典例印证
4.(2024·长沙雅礼中学检测)When a young man reached 18 or 20 years old, the capping ceremony, consisting of several procedures, would be held. The hair of the young man should be done up and pinned, and after three caps of different materials should be placed on the youth’s head.
5.(2024·淄博模拟)It’s extremely dry here, with the amount of annual evaporation (蒸发) being more than 60 times of the annual rainfall.
6.(2024·广州综合测试)Some people love to read books. They can’t get enough of the printed words. have a big appetite for making and eating food.
快捷思维
策略3:it的用法
(1)指代天气、时间、距离等;
(2)代替上文提到过的事物;
(3)可作形式主语或形式宾语;
(4)常用的固定句型:
①it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分
正是……某事(物)/某人……
②it+be+adj.+of/for sb to do sth
对某人来说做某事是……的
③it is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth
做某事不好/没用/浪费时间
④sb hates/likes/enjoys it that ...
某人讨厌/喜欢……
⑤when it comes to ...当谈到……
⑥as sb puts it 正如某人所言
⑦make it成功
典例印证
7.(2024·太原模拟)Laozi believed water had diverse virtues including justice, courage and righteousness, so was suggested that people should learn from water and cultivate their sense of morality.
8.Because symptoms of work anxiety are very physically-based, becomes difficult to stay on task when working. Your body begins redirecting the mind away from what it’s supposed to be working on and into the worries trying to win your attention.
9.(2024·石家庄教学质量检测)However, it was the pagoda (塔) always fascinated me. Years ago, I went to China. Whenever I’m back to London, I always pay it a visit.
10.(2024·齐鲁名校联盟联考)Even so, was not until the 1910s that there were some noticeable results in promoting a common unified language in China.
1.It 考查代词。设空处代指上文的名词Tea,应用代词It。
2.it 考查代词。根据句意可知,此处指代上文提到的liquid,应用代词it。
3.it 考查代词。设空处指代上文中的the Great Wall,应用代词it。
4.that 考查代词。设空处作介词的宾语,且指代上文的行为,应用代词that。
5.that 考查代词。此处意为“年降雨量”,是同类异物特指,设空处用代词that替代前面提到的the amount。
6.Others 考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处为some ...others ...固定结构,注意句首首字母大写。
7.it 考查代词。设空处为形式主语,句中that引导的从句是真正的主语,故填it。
8.it 考查代词。设空处为形式主语,后面的动词不定式短语to stay on task when working作真正的主语。故填it。
9.that 考查代词。此处为强调句:it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。
10.it 考查代词。it was not until ...that ...是强调句,意为“直到……才……”。
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