《直通名校》无提示此类语法填空 语法项目(三) 厘清句子成分 确定介词(教师版)-高考英语二轮复习

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名称 《直通名校》无提示此类语法填空 语法项目(三) 厘清句子成分 确定介词(教师版)-高考英语二轮复习
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语法项目(三) 厘清句子成分 确定介词
  高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及含介词的固定搭配上。语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格,即没有提示词,这对学生正确理解句意和知识的掌握提出了较高的要求。因此,学生应在掌握介词基本用法的同时,注意总结和积累其与名词、形容词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意义和用法。
一、思维定向——如何确定是否填介词
解题攻略
第一步:确定是否填介词
 首先,分析句子结构,发现名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般填介词。
第二步:根据句意及固定搭配确定答案
 分析句子结构,发现设空处在名词前后时,应考虑名词与介词的搭配;
分析句子结构,发现设空处在不及物动词后名词前时,应考虑动词与介词的搭配;
分析句子结构,发现设空处在形容词后名词前时,应考虑形容词与介词的搭配。
典例印证
【典例】 (2024·全国甲卷)This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved       all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park.
【分析】 第一步:确定填介词。分析句子结构可知,此处考查介词的用法。
第二步:确定答案。句意:这个地区拥有独特而令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园加以保护,让全国人民都能享受自然之美。根据句意可知,空处表示目的,应用介词for。
参考答案 for
二、解题规则——判断介词的两大策略
快捷思维
策略1:辨逻辑,联想恰当介词
(1)表示时间的in、 on和at
①in表示在某段较长的时间内(如世纪、年代、月份等)或泛指上午、下午、晚上等;
②on表示在具体的日子或具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上等;
③at表示某个时间点、时刻等。
(2)表示交通方式的by和on/in
①by后可直接跟涉及或不涉及交通工具的名词,名词前不加冠词;
②on/in后跟交通工具时,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。
(3)表示“用……”的by、 in和with
①by后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式;
②in多用于表示语言、材料的名词前;
③with多用于表示工具或身体器官的名词前。
(4)of表示“……的”
“of+n.”相当于该名词对应的形容词。
(5)as 表示“作为”。
(6)from 表示“自,从”。
(7)despite/in spite of表示 “尽管”。
典例印证
1.(2024·温州模拟)China Post issued a set of six special stamps based on this painting       18 May 2022. This set of stamps, designed by Xing Wenwei, fully reproduces the artistic conception of the original painting, creating a unique visual effect.
2.(2024·浙江金华十校模拟)The event showed the lasting appeal       Chinese traditions and their ability to go beyond borders, uniting people from diverse backgrounds in celebration and appreciation.
3.(2024·江西部分高中联考)Weifang has a long history of kite making,      some records suggesting the first wooden kite was invented there during the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,000 years ago.
4.(2024·河南名校模拟)       more than three decades, the Postal Service has issued stamps highlighting the Lunar New Year, and it has been some of the most successful stamp releases in the long history of the Postal Service, which has various workplaces in the United States, and its customer base is as diverse as the country itself.
快捷思维
策略2:抓核心词,联想适当搭配
(1)与动词搭配
remind sb of sth   提醒某人某事
go back to/date from 追溯到
consist of 由……组成
come about 发生
belong to 属于
account for 占……比例;说明……的原因
(2)介词短语搭配
by accident     偶然
in trouble 陷入困境,陷入麻烦
in honour of 为了纪念
in turn 依次,转而
in return 作为报答
on board 在船上(飞机上、火车上)
on average 平均
on the contrary 相反
(3)形容词与介词搭配
be curious about ... 对……感到好奇
be associated with ... 与……有关
be rich in ... 在……方面丰富
be similar to ... 与……相似
be famous for ... 因……而著名
典例印证
5.(2024·山东实验中学模拟)Many tourism officials are using techniques to promote cultural tourism, leaving netizens screaming in amusement. Shifting from online hype to offline engagement, tourism authorities in other provinces also compete      tourists.
6.(2024·枣庄二调)In each city, she met around 10 women of various professional backgrounds to talk       depth before taking photos and filming them.
7.(2024·邯郸部分示范性高中模拟)Giant panda Fu Bao arrived at Chengdu on Wednesday night after being delivered on a chartered flight (包机) from South Korea. The panda is       good health and will be subjected to a month-long quarantine (隔离) period until it meets the public again.
8.(2024·承德部分示范性高中模拟)The huge apes likely looked similar       the modern orangutan (猩猩). It survived for around 2 million years in the forested land of China’s Guangxi area.
9.(2024·辽宁名校联盟)Themed “Echoes of Ancient Tang Poems”, the concert brought the Tang Dynasty back       life with ancient poems interpreted by international musicians.
1.on 考查介词。表示在具体某一天应用介词on。
2.of 考查介词。此处表示所属关系,应用介词of。
3.with 考查介词。这里是一个由“with+名词+动词-ing形式”构成的with复合结构,在句中作状语,表示补充说明。
4.For 考查介词。“for+时间段”表示“一段时间”,for more than three decades,意为“三十多年来”。
5.for 考查介词。compete for意为“竞争得到……”,为固定搭配。
6.in 考查介词。in depth意为“深入地;全面地”,固定搭配。
7.in 考查介词。in good health意为“身体健康”,为固定搭配。故填in。
8.to 考查介词。be similar to意为“与……相似”,为固定搭配。
9.to 考查介词。bring ...back to life意为“使……恢复活力”,为固定搭配。
Test 1
  The 20th World Kite Championship has seen 1.       total of 137 teams comprising 465 participants from 46 countries and regions compete in Weifang.
  The event 2.      (hold) during the weekend in conjunction with (与……一起) the city’s 41st International Kite Festival and 2024 Kite Carnival, 3.      (make) Weifang a real hotspot for kite artisans and lovers this spring.
  4.      (know) as China’s “kite capital”, Weifang boasts a long history of manufacturing and flying kites.The tradition of kite-flying in Weifang can be traced back 5.       the Song Dynasty when it began to gain popularity among the general public.It further flourished during the Ming Dynasty and became a widespread practice during the Qing Dynasty, 6.       kites were flown across the country.Weifang kites are well-known for 7.       (they) graceful designs, brilliant craftsmanship and bright colors.
  To boost public 8.      (participate) this year, the city integrated the kite festival with a carnival, with the aim of holding regular kite-themed 9.       (activity) throughout the year.
  Hundreds of kite lovers from around the world came to China’s “kite capital”. Kites of all shapes and sizes 10.       (be) flying in the sky during the 41st Weifang International Kite Festival.A kite in the shape of the China-Europe freight train attracted all people’s attention in particular.
语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。2024年4月20日,第20届世界风筝锦标赛暨第41届潍坊国际风筝会在潍坊的世界风筝公园举行,共有来自46个国家和地区的137支队伍、465人参赛。
1.a 考查冠词。a total of是一个固定短语,表示“总共;总计”。
2.was held 考查动词的时态和语态。这里表示“第41届潍坊国际风筝会被举办”,且发生在过去,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。
3.making 考查非谓语动词。由于逗号后面部分表示补充说明,且此处前面句子与make之间是主动关系,因此用动词-ing形式作结果状语。
4.Known 考查非谓语动词。这里表示“潍坊以‘风筝之都’被人们所知”,因此用表示被动概念的过去分词作状语。注意句首单词首字母要大写。
5.to 考查介词。这里be traced back to相当于be dated back to,表示“追溯到”。
6.when 考查定语从句。本空前面的the Qing Dynasty是一个先行词,这里应用关系副词when引导一个非限制性定语从句来修饰它。
7.their 考查代词。本空后面是三个并列的名词短语,因此这里应用形容词性物主代词来修饰它们。
8.participation 考查词形转换。本空前面是动词boost,因此这里应用名词作其宾语。
9.activities 考查名词复数。这里提到的与风筝相关的活动显然是很多种,因此应用名词复数形式。
10.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句主语是Kites,且根据语境可知表示过去,因此这里应用were。
Test 2
  Although campuses 1.         (encourage) to lift pandemic-related restrictions on public access more than a year ago, some universities still have limits in place while others have thrown their gates open to the public.
  The different approaches to campus access have sparked fierce online debate, 2.       many arguing that universities have a responsibility to interact with the public and share their facilities. However, other netizens believe some controls are necessary 3.       (ensure) the smooth running and security of the institutions.
  Xiong Bingqi, director of the 21st Century Education Research Institute, said a “4.      (suit) degree of openness” should be balanced with maintaining 5.       healthy learning environment and the orderly operations of universities.
  Although the majority of public opinion seems to support opening public access to university campuses, some people are worried about order and management 6.       (issue). Concerns have also been raised 7.       “scalpers (黄牛)” might turn limited entry into a “business”, which could pose a threat to campus security.
  Many supporters of fully reopening campuses often compare the situation in China with Western countries 8.        most universities are described as having no walls or gates.
  As a matter of fact, the degree of openness 9.       (vary) according to the circumstances.While institutions allow visitors to enter their campuses, an entry card is usually needed to gain access to these places, 10.       (strike) a balance between an open campus and maintaining orderly education.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。大学校园是否应该对外开放,人们对此有不同的意见。
1.were encouraged 考查时态和语态。本句时间状语为a year ago,且表示大学校园“被鼓励”解除进入校园的限制,因此这里用一般过去时的被动语态。
2.with 考查介词。这里是一个“with+名词/代词+动词-ing形式”构成的with复合结构,表示补充说明或伴随情况。
3.to ensure 考查非谓语动词。这里表示大学校园需要一些管控措施的目的是“确保机构的正常运行和安全”,因此用动词不定式作目的状语。
4.suitable 考查词形转换。本空后面的degree是一个名词,因此这里需要一个形容词来作其定语。
5.a 考查冠词。a healthy learning environment表示“一个健康的学习环境”。
6.issues 考查名词复数。根据语境可知,这里指“各种秩序与管理问题”,应该用可数名词issue的复数形式。
7.that 考查同位语从句。本空后面的“scalpers (黄牛)” might turn limited entry into a “business”是前面名词Concerns的具体内容,因此这里用that引导一个同位语从句。
8.where 考查定语从句。本空前面的先行词Western countries表示地点,且引导后面定语从句的关系词在从句中作状语,因此这里用关系副词where。
9.varies 考查时态。本句在陈述一个现存的客观事实,因此应该用一般现在时。
10.striking 考查非谓语动词。本句逗号前面是一个意义相对完整的句子,逗号后面是一种补充说明,且表示主动概念,因此这里用动词-ing形式作状语。
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