探究二 “无提示词类”解题攻略
第一讲 明晰并列连词与各种从句,解决连接词疑难
对连词的考查主要涉及并列句和各种从句,是高考语法填空的重点和难点,也是学生的易错点。分析句子成分,牢记从句规则用法是解题的关键。
具体的解题步骤为:
(1)首先,判断该空后面是不是一个句子。如果是句子,就确定用连词;否则就可能填介词或冠词;
(2)其次,判断该空前后句子的逻辑关系,再确定用哪个连词。语法填空是基于语篇的考查,因此准确理解上下文之间的逻辑关系至关重要;
(3)最后,判断该空所填词在句子中所充当的句子成分,这样有利于准确确定连词或引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。需要指出的是,在《张道真英语语法大全》一书中,引导定语从句的关系词也被称为从属连词。
一、思维定向——如何确定是否填连词
解题攻略
第一步:如何确定并列连词
如果两个单词、短语、句子相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果关系时,填并列连词。
第二步:如何确定引导词
如果设空处引导从句,则首先要看它所引导的是哪一种从句,然后根据引导词的种类和功能来确定填哪一个引导词。
典例印证
【典例】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)...Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【分析】 第一步:如何确定并列连词。
分析句子结构可知,hear the Chinese language 和see how Tang’s play was being performed是并列关系。
第二步:如何确定填哪种并列连词。
此处意为“埃德蒙森说:‘听到中国语言,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,这是非常令人兴奋的。’”,空格前后表示并列关系,应用并列连词。
参考答案 and
二、解题规则——判断连词的4种技法
技法(一) 并列连词——关系分析法+句型法
当空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个单词、短语或主谓结构完整的句子等,而且并列成分相互之间存在并列、转折、选择、因果等关系时,设空处一般填并列连词and、 but、 or、 so等。
快捷思维
1.关系分析法
分析设空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系,确定用哪个连词。
(1)表示并列或递进关系的连词有and、 both ...and ...、 not only ...but (also) ... 等;
(2)表示选择关系的连词有or、 either ...or ...、 neither ...nor ...等;
(3)表示转折或对比关系的连词有but、 while、 not ...but ...等;
(4)表示因果关系的连词有so、 for等;
(5)表示让步关系的连词有although、 though和while等。
典例印证
1.(2024·1月浙江卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home you can’t use what you’ve bought while it’s still fresh.
2.During a performance, the actors will dance and sing, following lively rhythms. Highly skilled and interesting acts such as stilt (高跷) walking carrying a wedding sedan chair (花轿) are also included.
3.(2024·济宁模拟)Striking a balance between respecting animals’ dignity and providing visitors with enjoyable experiences is a challenging task, Shen’s team has successfully achieved it.
4.Liu’s most famous work, The Three-Body Problem, was published in 2008. American author Ken Liu’s 2014 translation won the 2015 Hugo Award for Best Novel Liu Cixin thus became the first author from Asia to win Best Novel.
快捷思维
2.句型法
(1)祈使句+and/or+陈述句
(2)be doing sth when ...
正在做某事,那时……
be about to do sth when ...
正要做某事,那时……
hardly ...when ...
一……就……
典例印证
5.Still, eat well and enjoy yourself every day in life, you will get a worthwhile reward.
6.One day, the cow was eating grass it began to rain heavily.
7.Hardly had we arrived at the farm we saw many oranges hanging from the branches.
1.or 考查连词。either ...or ...意为“要么……要么……”,为固定句式,所以此处应用连词or。
2.and 考查连词。根据句子谓语are included可知,句子主语是stilt walking和carrying a wedding sedan chair,它们是并列关系。故填and。
3.but 考查连词。根据句意可知,两个分句之间是转折关系。故填but。
4.and 考查连词。本空前后是两个意义并列的分句,因此这里填入并列连词and来连接它们。
5.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知,此处为固定句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,故填and。
6.when 考查连词。be doing sth when ...为固定句式,意为“正在做某事,那时……”。
7.when 考查连词。hardly ...when ...为固定句式,意为“一……就……”。
技法(二) 定语从句——4步法确定关系词
快捷思维
第一步:确定是定语从句
分析句子结构,设空处无提示词,设空后的句子不完整,且对设空前的某一名词、代词或整个主句起限定作用,就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。
典例印证
1.(2024·济宁模拟)Eager to explore more of Plymouth’s charm, we set out for West Hoe Park the next day, provided a spacious play area for children, equipped with plentiful delights.
2.(2024·河北省一模)They set up their easels (画架) and carefully paint the nice houses and locals come to life in just a few brushstrokes.
快捷思维
第二步:分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
在先行词的后面出现逗号的是非限制性定语从句。
(1)that不能引导非限制性定语从句;
(2)which引导非限制性定语从句,可以代表主句的全部或部分内容;
(3)as引导非限制性定语从句,可置于句首、句中或句末,意为“正如”。
典例印证
3.(2024·潍坊模拟)He also taught the Wing Chun style to his student, Bruce Lee, who would go on to act in the beloved Hong Kong kung fu movies helped make Chinese martial arts famous around the world.
4.(2024·河北省二模)“Participating in the Science Olympiad has been the most valuable experience allows us to explore fun science concepts,” added Golditch.
5.(2024·沧州模拟)Having referred to other related historical resources, it combines cartoons, dances as well as on-the-spot video shooting with the interpretation of experts, leads audiences into a fanciful world.
快捷思维
第三步:寻找先行词,判断属性
(1)先行词指人用that/who/whom/whose引导;
(2)先行词指物用that/which/whose引导;
(3)表示时间/地点/原因用when/where/why引导。
典例印证
6.(2024·日照模拟)The 16 dancers come from the Chaoshan region of South China’s Guangdong Province, the place the dance originated, and traveled to England to spread wishes of good fortune in the Year of the Dragon to people in the United Kingdom.
7.(2024·昆明模拟)Dating from the Song Dynasty, it gained popularity among women during the later Ming and Qing dynasties, men also wore Mamianqun in informal settings.
8.(2024·烟台、德州模拟)Through the coin hole you can stick some feathers, function is to delay the rising and falling of the shuttlecock.
快捷思维
第四步:判断从句中所缺成分,确定关系词
(1)缺少主语用that/which/who;
(2)缺少动词的宾语用that/which/who/whom;
(3)缺少介词的宾语用whom/which;
(4)缺少定语用whose;
(5)缺少时间、地点或原因状语时,分别用when、 where、 why。
典例印证
9.(2024·陕西部分学校适应性考试)“Like many foreigners had never been here, I knew nothing about the historic city except for terracotta warriors at that time,” recalled the 41-year-old scholar from North Yorkshire in Britain.
10.(2024·云南省“3诊联考”)It is one of the country’s oldest lantern fairs, locals go to enjoy the festive atmosphere and wish each other well.
11.“ChatGPT features strong semantic (语义的) understanding and logical capabilities based on context, but it has higher requirements for algorithms (算法) and computing power, relies on considerable capital investments,” Pan said.
1.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词West Hoe Park,关系代词在从句中作主语且指物,故填which。
2.that 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为the nice houses and locals,既有人也有物,在定语从句中作主语。故填that。
3.that/which 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为Hong Kong kung fu movies,关系代词在从句中充当主语,故填that/which。
4.that 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,先行词为the most valuable experience,指物,且有最高级修饰。故填that。
5.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词指代前面整个句子且在从句中作主语。故填which。
6.where 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, the dance originated是定语从句,从句中缺少状语,先行词是the place,应用关系副词引导。故填where。
7.when 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the later Ming and Qing dynasties,关系词作从句的时间状语,应用关系副词引导。故填when。
8.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为关系代词whose引导的非限制性定语从句,whose在从句中作function的定语。
9.who/that 考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词many foreigners,并且从句中缺少主语,故填who/that。
10.where 考查定语从句。这里先行词是lantern fairs,表示抽象地点,作从句的地点状语。故填where。
11.which 考查定语从句。这里表示ChatGPT对算法和计算能力有更高的要求,这要依赖于大量的资本投资。关系代词which引导一个非限制性定语从句,指代前面提到的ChatGPT。
技法(三) 名词性从句——搞定名词性从句4方向
设空处无提示词,先确定主句的主谓结构,再确定设空处和设空后的内容在主句中充当的成分:主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
快捷思维 典例印证
方向1:从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整 分析句子结构,从句中不缺任何成分且句子意义完整,应考虑that引导同位语从句、表语从句或宾语从句,此时that没有词义,也不作任何成分。 1.(2024·山东实验中学模拟)The essence of this “fancy rat-race” lies in the fact various regional cultural tourism initiatives are targeted at the Spring Festival tourist boom, using hype to attract tourists and boost the local economies.
方向2:从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整 分析句子结构,从句中不缺任何成分,但句意中缺少“是否”的意思时,则应考虑whether引导各种名词性从句,if可以用于引导及物动词后的宾语从句。 2.In considering vacation destinations, the problem is you’ll visit a bustling city for excitement or a serene beach for relaxation.
方向3:从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语 分析句子结构,从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语,考虑用连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。 3.(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in is now northwestern Wyoming.
方向4:从句中缺少状语 分析句子结构并结合句意判断,从句中缺少状语,考虑用连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。 4.(2024·武汉模拟) this is actually achieved is an interesting process. First of all, a series of holes are drilled into the ice of about a meter and a half thick.
1.that 考查名词性从句。本句是that引导的同位语从句,解释fact的内容。
2.whether 考查名词性从句。下文中的or一词暗示这里应用whether,构成whether ...or ...句式。这里whether引导一个表语从句。
3.what 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作主语,故填what。
4.How 考查名词性从句。设空处引导名词性从句作整句的主语,结合下文描述具体的步骤可知,从句中缺少方式状语,设空处需表达“怎样”,应用连接副词how作引导词。
技法(四) 状语从句——句意法+固定句式法
快捷思维
1.句意法确定状语从句引导词
(1)while/when/as/since引导时间状语从句;
(2)before/after引导时间状语从句;
(3)if/unless/once引导条件状语从句;
(4)though/although/while引导让步状语从句;
(5)in case 引导目的或条件状语从句;
(6)where/when 引导地点/时间状语从句;
(7)whatever/whenever/however/whichever/wherever引导让步状语从句。
典例印证
1.(2024·湖北省三模)The cultural trip, however, showed Santoso a view of China art and goods were transported along the Silk Road more than a thousand years ago.
2.(2024·衡水部分高中模拟) the 1911 Revolution ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the female dress survived the political change and, with later improvements, has become the traditional dress for Chinese women.
3.(2024·临汾考前适应性训练)During the height of umbrella popularity in China, you could easily recognize the owners by the designs and colours of their umbrellas — royal family members used yellow or red colours, the wealthy carried blue.
4.(2024·合肥市最后一卷) There are definitely some dangers in riding a two-wheeled scooter. confident the rider may be, larger vehicles on the road may pose a threat to them.
快捷思维
2.固定句式法确定状语从句引导词
(1)so/such ... that ...
如此……以至于……
(2)not ... until ...直到……才……
(3)It will/won’t be+一段时间+before ...
过了多长时间才/没过多长时间就……
(4)It is some time+since ...
自从……以来已经多长时间了
(5)whether ...or (not) ...
无论……还是……
典例印证
5. you want to book high speed train tickets (G train, D train or C train), or purchase normal train tickets (like T, Z or K train), you can check the latest train routes & schedules, seat classes and prices and as well as buy tickets on this website.
6.(2024·苏、锡、常、镇四市调研)Without complex decoration(s), it combines buildings with scenery so well the whole garden appears to be naturally endowed (赋予).
7.(2024·丽水模拟)The world we live in has been changing with each passing day. It won’t be too many years we see significant advancements in technology that will make all our dreams come true.
1.when 考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处应该填从属连词,表示“当……时候”,应用when引导时间状语从句。
2.Although/Though/While 考查状语从句。根据句意可知,前后两句为转折关系,故填Although/Though/While。
3.while 考查状语从句。根据句意“皇室成员使用黄色或红色的伞,而富裕的人则使用蓝色的伞”可知,这里应用一个连词来表示两者之间的对比关系。故填while。
4.However 考查状语从句。设空处引导让步状语从句,修饰形容词confident,表示“无论多么”,故填However。
5.Whether 考查状语从句。本句后面出现的or purchase normal train tickets暗示这里应该填入Whether一词,引导一个让步状语从句。whether ...or ...表示“无论……还是……”,为固定用法。
6.that 考查状语从句。so ...that ...为固定句型,表示“如此……以至于……”。
7.before 考查固定句式。“It won’t be ...before...”表示“用不了多久将……”。
The little-known city of Tianshui, in Northwest China’s Gansu Province, is experiencing a tourism boom fueled by 1. (it) signature dish, the fiery malatang hotpot.
Featuring a mix of vegetables, meats and seafood 2. (boil) in a spicy broth (汤), it has become an unexpected Internet sensation, drawing visitors from across China.
Tianshui 3. (welcome) 7.54 million tourists since February, generating tourism revenue (收入) of 4.37 billion yuan ($600 million), according to the provincial culture and tourism department.
A photo of 4. visibly exhausted Haiying Malatang staff member went viral online, sparking lighthearted discussion and highlighting its overwhelming popularity.
Ha Haiying, the owner of the restaurant, has been running the restaurant for more than 20 years. Amid the bustling frenzy, Ha’s daily life has transformed 5. (dramatical), with her revenue rising quickly and sleep 6. (decrease) to a mere four hours per night.
Since early March, videos and photos of Tianshui malatang have been going viral on social media platforms. It all started when a netizen released a seven-second video on 13 February 7. attracted millions of views.
The secret to Tianshui malatang’s success? Flavor and affordability, according to Ha. She owes the unique taste 8. the special Gansu pepper (辣椒).
The spicy delight isn’t the only draw, however. The sudden increase in malatang consumption 9. (have) led to a corresponding rise in visitors to Tianshui’s key 10. (attraction), including the Maijishan Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a temple dedicated to Fuxi, the legendary ancestor of the Chinese nation.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。位于中国西北部甘肃省鲜为人知的天水市,因其麻辣烫而掀起了一股旅游热潮。
1.its 考查代词。本空后面是名词词组signature dish (招牌菜),因此这里应用形容词性物主代词来修饰它。
2.boiled 考查非谓语动词。这里表示“在辣汤里被煮的蔬菜、肉和海鲜”,因此用表达被动概念的过去分词作后置定语。
3.has welcomed 考查时态。本句时间状语为since February,因此这里用现在完成时。
4.a 考查冠词。本空后面的核心词是可数名词member,且空后visibly的发音以辅音音素开头,因此用不定冠词a来修饰它,这里表示“一名员工”。
5.dramatically 考查词形转换。本空前面是谓语动词transformed,因此应用副词来修饰它。
6.decreasing 考查非谓语动词。这里是一个由“with+名词+动词-ing形式”构成的with复合结构,decreasing与前面的rising是两个并列的动词-ing形式。
7.which/that 考查定语从句。本空前面的a seven-second video是一个先行词,这里由关系代词which/that引导一个定语从句,它在从句中作主语。
8.to 考查介词。owe ... to ...是一个固定搭配,表示“将……归功于……”。
9.has 考查主谓一致。本句主语为The sudden increase,视为第三人称单数,因此这里用助动词has。
10.attractions 考查名词复数。这里attraction是一个可数名词,表示“旅游景点”,根据语境可知,应用其复数形式。
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