特色微专题 规避5大易错点
解答完形填空时,通读语篇、填后复验是不可或缺的关键一环。因为在逐个“填空”的解题过程中,常会因片段式的阅读,造成“只见树木,不见森林”的断章取义错误。只有通过通读复验,从全局把握,才能发现一些细节错误和逻辑错误,才能确保完美收官。复验时,应规避5大易错点,避免意外失分。
易错点(一) “熟词生义”想不到
高考对“熟词生义”的考查主要放在学生十分熟悉的课标内词汇上。学生可能对某些词汇的常见词义较为熟悉,而想不到这些词汇不常用的词义,即“生义”。命题人有时会对这些词义进行考查。“熟词生义”的意外失分屡见不鲜。
【典例1】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选) ... After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how 46.warm-hearted Italians are.Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to 47.remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.It’s these small 48 of kindness that make a new country feel like home. 48.A.tricks B.promises C.acts D.duties 解题思路 根据上文描写意大利人热心可知,空前举例意大利人分享食物、提醒作者关车窗均为善意的行为。act熟义:v.行动;生义:n.行为。如果学生不知道act可用作名词,就会错选其他选项,因而失分。 参考答案 C
【典例2】 (2024·全国甲卷节选) Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother 43.experienced an entirely different childhood lifestyle from mine.She did not have a chance to go to 44.school.Like in typical families, where boys were 45 much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do 46.housework. 45.A.favored B.tolerated C.trusted D.acknowledged 解题思路 结合上下文可知,在当时的时代背景下,男孩更受偏爱。favor熟义:n.偏好;生义:v.偏爱,偏袒。 参考答案 A
易错点(二) “一词多义”易混淆
我们常说:No words, no English.单词是英语大厦的基石,单词是英语学习的关键。然而,英语中普遍存在的一词多义现象成为我们阅读文章时的绊脚石。高考英语中一词多义的现象也非常普遍,掌握这些词汇的不同含义对于提高阅读理解能力至关重要。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江卷节选) “I’m trying to get more and more people to 49.understand that there are solutions (解决办法),” said Ms.Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 50.retirement.“I say there is no old 51.age, there’s only neglect (忽视).Don’t stand 52.still, do something about it.” Ms.Burdeyney 53 that she was hoping to do more for the research project.“I just want to bring 54.light into people’s eyes and this is just the 55.beginning.There is still a long way to go.” 53.A.commented B.learned C.reminded D.added 解题思路 根据上文said Ms. Burdeyney和下文I just want to bring 54.light into people’s eyes ... to go.可知,该题的上下文都是Burdeyney女士说的话。由此可推知,设空处意为“补充说;继续说”。而选项中的add一词具有“加;添加;增添;补充说;继续说”等词义,属于“一词多义”。 参考答案 D
易错点(三) “难词僻义”常忘却
高考中的“难词僻义”多见于动词、名词、形容词或副词。这些较难词汇大都是课标内易被忽视的单词。它们的拼写和词义较为复杂难记,在语篇中的考查数量相对较少。一旦涉及,学生往往会望而生畏。
【典例1】 (2024·新课标Ⅱ卷节选) As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my 49 quite like Italy.Each town has its own traditional 50.dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. 49.A.ambition B.success C.appetite D.growth 解题思路 根据上文可知,作者喜欢意大利的原因在于意大利的美食能够满足自己的胃口。appetite n.食欲,胃口,是生僻词,学生如果不认识这个生僻词,往往会造成失分。 参考答案 C
【典例2】 (2023·新课标Ⅱ卷节选) In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41.budget. They could not afford to pay for 42.transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and 43 wanted to take her with them. 43.A.desperately B.temporarily C.secretly D.originally 解题思路 根据上文I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka可知,由于他们预算紧张,不能支付狗的运输费用,于是他们在网上发帖子求助,可见他们极其想带上狗。temporarily暂时;secretly秘密地;originally原来;起初。desperately adv.极其,非常,属于“难词僻义”。 参考答案 A
【典例3】 (2022·全国乙卷节选) For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44.interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures.But our 45.surprising research results in child developmental psychology 46 that idea. 46.A.explained B.confirmed C.contradicted D.tested 解题思路 根据上文“长期以来,这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是一种完全‘自我中心的’生物的证据”和本句中的But一词可知,本句意为“我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果与这一观点相矛盾”。再结合选项可判断出,此处考查的是contradict (与……矛盾)这一“难词僻义”。 参考答案 C
易错点(四) “构词知识”没记牢
高考对“构词知识”的考查主要是一些常见词缀(un-, in-, im-, dis-, re-, -ly, -less, -ness, -ful等)的意义、词类转化(动词用作名词,名词用作动词或形容词)和合成词等构词法知识。学生因为不会利用构词法知识在语篇中猜测出这些词的词义而丢分。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江卷节选) ... The research team 44.included Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done 45 work on eye care using stem cells.Seeing a ray of hope, Ms.Burdeyney began raising 46.money for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. 45.A.part-time B.controversial C.voluntary D.ground-breaking 解题思路 根据下文Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising 46.money for the project可知,这个研究团队利用干细胞开展的眼部保健工作取得了很好的成效。再结合选项并利用构词法知识可猜测出,合成词ground-breaking的意思是“开创性的”,即“ground (土地)+breaking (打破)=开创性的”。 参考答案 D
易错点(五) “语篇意识”被忽略
一些学生在解答完形填空题时,只顾匆忙解题,很少甚至从不从整体上思考故事的发展脉络、行文逻辑关系以及文章主旨大意等。这样容易导致在考查语篇意识的题目上失分。
【典例】 (2024·新课标Ⅰ卷节选) I’ve 54.matured a lot since then.I’ve come to accept that whatever 55 I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 55. A.limits B.dates C.goals D.tests 解题思路 本题属于语篇层次题。如果学生仅仅停留在本段和本句,无法确定正确答案。综合全文可知,在跑步和骑行这两次经历中,作者均因受到他人成就的影响而导致结果失败。因此作者在最后一段得出结论:目标应该是为自己而设的。 参考答案 C
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