第五讲 求奇崛——3条途径，营造一波三折
“文似看山不喜平”。平铺直叙的描写往往让人打不起精神，心生倦意；而悬念迭出的故事安排则让人欲罢不能。我们可通过图示来看一下“一波三折”式故事情节安排的重要性。
如何让文章做到起伏有悬念，可采用以下几条途径：
一、增加外部冲突
增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的达到故事高潮的方式。冲突带来紧迫感，将故事推向顶点。
1.人物之间的冲突
【示例】 On the fourth or fifth night， we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time， Mom suddenly got a great idea： Why didn’t we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up a tent there？ David and I became nervous.
分析：开车找旅馆——徒劳无功——母亲建议搭帐篷——David和“我”倍感紧张，心有不悦（母子的观点不一）
2.人物与环境之间的冲突
【示例】 （2021·1月浙江卷）It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard， my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle， but it was no use. “I can’t get it out！” I shouted， my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
分析：当“我”使劲拽（自己的头），“我”的鼻子被南瓜卡住了——“我”转动头部试图找合适的角度，但没用——“我”大喊，声音在封闭的空间里显得异常响亮（“我”的头部被卡在南瓜里：“我”与南瓜“大战”）
3.形势变得紧急，决策刻不容缓
【示例】 A few minutes later， the bear headed back to our camp.The bear roared at us， our frightened mouths wide open. My mind was blank in panic. I just stood there in a daze. The bear launched an attack to the fence， roaring.My hand holding the camera began to shake.
分析：熊回到了“我们”的营地——熊向“我们”吼叫——“我”陷入恐慌，头脑一片空白——“我”站在那里发呆——熊咆哮着向栅栏发起攻击——“我”握着相机的手开始发抖（此情此景，决策刻不容缓）
4.增加意外情节，营造困难境地
【示例】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time， she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute， the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully， Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear！ The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
分析：锅太热了，面包几秒钟内就变黑了（障碍1） ——粥溢出，把火扑灭了（障碍2）——炉子一片狼藉（障碍3）——杰夫的手碰到了火炉，疼得大叫（障碍4）——锅里的面包又变黑了（障碍5）
二、放大内心冲突
放大内心冲突（文中角色的内心斗争）有助于抓住读者的心，让读者感同身受，同时有助于增强故事的感染力。
【示例1】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）We sat down next to each other， but David wouldn’t look at me. He buried his head in his hands， sobbing.“Do you fear the audience will laugh at you？” I asked.He nodded and bit his lip， tears welling up in his eyes.
分析：David不看“我”——埋头抽泣——点头咬唇，热泪盈眶 （David渴望参加越野跑比赛，但又极度不自信的内心矛盾得以体现）
【示例2】 （2022·1月浙江卷）Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully， I failed to do so for fear that I would hold him back. I just kept nodding when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way or that way. I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views， so I didn’t want to waste our time to discuss. I started to wait to leave immediately we arrived at the place， and so did he. I just hoped that the presentation day could come earlier.
分析：“我”想分享观点但害怕犯错——点头附议，不想浪费时间讨论——彼此希望合作结束——“我”期盼展示的日子快点到来（作者通过直白内心想法的方式，更真实地呈现了自己内心矛盾冲突的逐渐升级：害怕合作——不想合作——期盼合作早点结束）
【示例3】 Immediately， an absolute darkness ruled the forest. Jane， exhausted and scared， lay down near a stone， missing her family at a distance. All the fantastic memory crowded in and she couldn’t help crying， “Hadn’t I quarrelled with Tom， walked away and climbed to the high place， I wouldn’t be trapped in this awful place， confronted with the danger of dying.” She regretted with endless anxiety， and then became asleep with shining tears in her eyes.
分析：Jane独自行走，夜色渐黑——独处森林——阴森恐怖——后悔莫及（作者通过内心独白的方式，使用“往昔对比＋虚拟语气使用＋旁白描写”的方式将冲突逐渐放大）
三、使用环境描写增加不确定性
充分利用环境描写可以烘托人物心情，增加表达效果。当故事中人物在遇到困难时，我们可以加大笔墨来描写故事环境。
【示例】 （2021·6月浙江卷）The pay day arrived at last. Excitement swept over me， for it was the first time I had got paid for my work. While walking back home， I felt the flowers lining the path look like angels， swaying in the wind， dancing in the sun. I conceived many plans about how to dispose of my earnings. I needed a new football ... I intended ... Bounding into the yard， I noticed my parents standing beside the old truck with glum looks. I realized something unpleasant happened.“How much do we still need to pay for a new truck？” asked my mother anxiously.
分析：“我”领到第一份工资——心情非常兴奋——不愉快的事情发生（通过描写作者回家路上看到的风景来衬托作者的兴奋心情，同时又反衬了下面不愉快事情的发生，通过对比强化了故事氛围）
2 / 3第五讲 求奇崛——3条途径，营造一波三折
“文似看山不喜平”。平铺直叙的描写往往让人打不起精神，心生倦意；而悬念迭出的故事安排则让人欲罢不能。我们可通过图示来看一下“一波三折”式故事情节安排的重要性。
如何让文章做到起伏有悬念，可采用以下几条途径：
一、增加外部冲突
增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的达到故事高潮的方式。冲突带来紧迫感，将故事推向顶点。
1.人物之间的冲突
【示例】 On the fourth or fifth night， we had trouble finding a hotel with a vacancy. After driving in vain for some time， Mom suddenly got a great idea： Why didn’t we find a house with a likely-looking backyard and ask if we could set up a tent there？ David and I became nervous.
分析：开车找旅馆——徒劳无功——母亲建议搭帐篷——David和“我”倍感紧张，心有不悦（母子的观点不一）
2.人物与环境之间的冲突
【示例】 （2021·1月浙江卷）It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less straightforward than getting in. When I pulled hard， my nose got in the way. I got into a panic as I pressed firmly against the table and moved my head around trying to find the right angle， but it was no use. “I can’t get it out！” I shouted， my voice sounding unnaturally loud in the enclosed space.
分析：当“我”使劲拽（自己的头），“我”的鼻子被南瓜卡住了——“我”转动头部试图找合适的角度，但没用——“我”大喊，声音在封闭的空间里显得异常响亮（“我”的头部被卡在南瓜里：“我”与南瓜“大战”）
3.形势变得紧急，决策刻不容缓
【示例】 A few minutes later， the bear headed back to our camp.The bear roared at us， our frightened mouths wide open. My mind was blank in panic. I just stood there in a daze. The bear launched an attack to the fence， roaring.My hand holding the camera began to shake.
分析：熊回到了“我们”的营地——熊向“我们”吼叫——“我”陷入恐慌，头脑一片空白——“我”站在那里发呆——熊咆哮着向栅栏发起攻击——“我”握着相机的手开始发抖（此情此景，决策刻不容缓）
4.增加意外情节，营造困难境地
【示例】 （2021·新高考Ⅰ卷）The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time， she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute， the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully， Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff’s hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear！ The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
分析：锅太热了，面包几秒钟内就变黑了（障碍1） ——粥溢出，把火扑灭了（障碍2）——炉子一片狼藉（障碍3）——杰夫的手碰到了火炉，疼得大叫（障碍4）——锅里的面包又变黑了（障碍5）
二、放大内心冲突
放大内心冲突（文中角色的内心斗争）有助于抓住读者的心，让读者感同身受，同时有助于增强故事的感染力。
【示例1】 （2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）We sat down next to each other， but David wouldn’t look at me. He buried his head in his hands， sobbing.“Do you fear the audience will laugh at you？” I asked.He nodded and bit his lip， tears welling up in his eyes.
分析：David不看“我”——埋头抽泣——点头咬唇，热泪盈眶 （David渴望参加越野跑比赛，但又极度不自信的内心矛盾得以体现）
【示例2】 （2022·1月浙江卷）Though I wanted to share my ideas with him fully， I failed to do so for fear that I would hold him back. I just kept nodding when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way or that way. I thought it was impossible to persuade him into accepting my views， so I didn’t want to waste our time to discuss. I started to wait to leave immediately we arrived at the place， and so did he. I just hoped that the presentation day could come earlier.
分析：“我”想分享观点但害怕犯错——点头附议，不想浪费时间讨论——彼此希望合作结束——“我”期盼展示的日子快点到来（作者通过直白内心想法的方式，更真实地呈现了自己内心矛盾冲突的逐渐升级：害怕合作——不想合作——期盼合作早点结束）
【示例3】 Immediately， an absolute darkness ruled the forest. Jane， exhausted and scared， lay down near a stone， missing her family at a distance. All the fantastic memory crowded in and she couldn’t help crying， “Hadn’t I quarrelled with Tom， walked away and climbed to the high place， I wouldn’t be trapped in this awful place， confronted with the danger of dying.” She regretted with endless anxiety， and then became asleep with shining tears in her eyes.
分析：Jane独自行走，夜色渐黑——独处森林——阴森恐怖——后悔莫及（作者通过内心独白的方式，使用“往昔对比＋虚拟语气使用＋旁白描写”的方式将冲突逐渐放大）
三、使用环境描写增加不确定性
充分利用环境描写可以烘托人物心情，增加表达效果。当故事中人物在遇到困难时，我们可以加大笔墨来描写故事环境。
【示例】 （2021·6月浙江卷）The pay day arrived at last. Excitement swept over me， for it was the first time I had got paid for my work. While walking back home， I felt the flowers lining the path look like angels， swaying in the wind， dancing in the sun. I conceived many plans about how to dispose of my earnings. I needed a new football ... I intended ... Bounding into the yard， I noticed my parents standing beside the old truck with glum looks. I realized something unpleasant happened.“How much do we still need to pay for a new truck？” asked my mother anxiously.
分析：“我”领到第一份工资——心情非常兴奋——不愉快的事情发生（通过描写作者回家路上看到的风景来衬托作者的兴奋心情，同时又反衬了下面不愉快事情的发生，通过对比强化了故事氛围）
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