《直通名校》专题六 读后续写 第六讲 写生动——细节描写,多Show少Tell(教师版+学生版)-高考英语二轮复习

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名称 《直通名校》专题六 读后续写 第六讲 写生动——细节描写,多Show少Tell(教师版+学生版)-高考英语二轮复习
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第六讲 写生动——细节描写,多Show少Tell
  在续写时,为避免描写过于直接呆板,可采用“多Show少Tell”方法进行细节描写。也就是说,通过形象的文字展示细节,勾勒画面,将读者代入其中。一般而言, “Tell”是对事件的直白总结,而 “Show” 则是通过对人物的语言、神态、心理、外貌或动作以及环境氛围的描写,使场景具体化,让人产生画面感、代入感。“Show”可以使续写从肤浅走向深刻,从枯燥走向生动,从平淡走向感人。
外貌描写——一颦一笑,细致入微
  外貌描写是正面刻画人物的一种写作方法,主要从人物的体貌特征方面进行描写,以揭示人物的思想性格,表现作者的爱憎之情,加深读者对人物的印象。
1.肖像描写
肖像描写即描绘人物的面貌特征,它包括人物的身材、容貌、服饰、打扮以及表情、仪态风度、习惯性特点等。肖像描写的目的是以“形” 传“神”,刻画人物的性格特征,反映人物的内心世界。
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Much to my surprise, Gunter responded with a nod, his eyes brimming with understanding.
令我惊讶的是,甘特点头回应,他的眼睛里充满了理解。
②(2022· 1月浙江卷)The moment I arrived at his ward, his pale face and tired look told everything.
我一到他的病房,他苍白的脸和疲惫的表情就说明了一切。
③(2022· 1月浙江卷)When asked about the secret of our successful project, I grinned, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth and answered without hesitation,“Cooperation!”
当被问及我们项目成功的秘诀时,我咧嘴一笑,露出一副洁白无比的牙齿,毫不犹豫地回答:“合作!”
④Harry had a thin face, black hair, and bright green eyes.
哈瑞脸很瘦,黑色的头发和明亮的绿色眼睛。
2.神态描写
人物的神态体现人物的心理状态。在写作中,对人物五官和眼神等动作和变化的描写可以帮助读者领悟人物的心理。神态描写通常伴随肢体描写,使人物形象立体丰满,栩栩如生。
①(2023· 新课标Ⅰ卷)As I entered, he looked up from his book, a warm smile spreading across his face.
当我进来时,他放下书本抬起头来,脸上洋溢着温暖的微笑。
②(2023· 1月浙江卷)For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side.
有很长一段时间,这个小生物盯着我的眼睛,头从一边转到另一边。
③(2023·1月浙江卷)It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude.
那只鸟似乎在等着我,它那亮晶晶的小眼睛紧盯着我的眼睛,好像在试图表达某种深沉的、说不出口的感激之情。
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)At the sight of this pitiful boy’s pleading look, I bet no one would refuse.
看到这个可怜的男孩恳求的眼神,我敢打赌没有人会拒绝。
⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)He nodded and bit his lip, tears welling up in his eyes.
他点了点头,咬着嘴唇,眼里噙满了泪水。
心理描写——心随念起,念由心生
  心理描写是对人物在特定环境下的内心活动的描写。人物的心理活动可以通过人物的所思所想和内心独白直接呈现,也可以通过景物烘托、人物动作和神态等间接呈现。以下为几种常见的人物心理描写法:
1.直接表述
直接表述一般与特定情景结合,表达人物的内心所想。直接表述通常有标志词,如表达“想”的词(组)有think、feel、want、decide、be aware、perceive、imagine、conceive、wonder、intend、believe、guess、hope等。
①(2023· 新课标Ⅰ卷)Leaving his office that day, I felt a renewed sense of purpose and determination.
那天离开他的办公室时,我感到一种新的使命感和决心。
②(2023· 1月浙江卷)Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how she was getting on now.
离开那间房子时,我不禁想知道她现在过得怎么样了。
③(2022· 6月浙江卷)Although I still felt a little scared of these dangerous people, I knew the burden on their shoulders — without a place called home, without a proper meal. So I truly hoped my smile could be some of the comfort. But hardly could I imagine that serving the salad could become so challenging and tough when facing a number of guests.
虽然我仍然有点害怕这些危险的人,但我知道他们肩上的担子——没有一个可称之为家的地方,没有一顿像样的饭。所以我真的希望我的微笑能带来些许安慰。但我很难想象,当面对许多客人时,提供沙拉会变得如此具有挑战性和艰难。
④(2022· 1月浙江卷)When Dr. Henderson was assigning (指定) project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with.
当亨德森博士为他的心理学课分配项目伙伴时,我私下希望他能让我和我最好的朋友搭档,或者至少和一个我可以和其玩得开心的同学搭档。
2.内心独白
内心独白类似于电影中人物思考时的画外音,是反应人物内心世界的一种重要手段。内心独白一般使用第一人称,通常使用抒情笔法展示人物的内心矛盾和思想斗争。在读后续写中,人物内心独白不一定占用太多的篇幅,可以通过简单的几句话展现人物的心理状态。
①(2023· 1月浙江卷)Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty?
也许她在窗边挣扎太久了,太累了?还是太渴了?
②(2023· 1月浙江卷)Memories with the hummingbird occurred to me when I walked to the blackberry-lined path. Was she alright? Would she remember me?
当我走到黑莓小径时,我想起了与蜂鸟的往事。它还好吗?它会记得我吗?
3.间接呈现
间接呈现常用反向表达、修辞手法等手段来描述人物内心的喜怒哀乐。
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A flood of sympathy and sadness emerged in my heart.
一股同情和悲伤涌上我的心头。
②(2021·1月浙江卷)The air inside the pumpkin was full of my anxious breath.
这个南瓜里的空气充满了我焦虑的气息。
③Her imagination was busy, her reflections were pleasant, and the pain of a sprained ankle was disregarded.
她浮想联翩,心里觉得美滋滋的,早把脚踝的伤痛抛到九霄云外。
动作描写——一举一动,跃然纸上
  人物的动作描写可以展现人物的内心活动,表现人物的性格特征,塑造人物形象并推动情节发展。精准的动作描写能够更加细致地反映人物的心理情绪变化,更加生动地刻画人物的内心世界。
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Having made an apology to him, I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him and pay him back the money I owed him.
我向他道歉后,要求晚一点把打车费给他,答应给他打电话,把欠他的钱还给他。
②(2023·1月浙江卷)Hands waving, I dashed towards the bird, yelling to make myself noticed. She hovered cheerfully and lowered to stand on my shoulder.
我挥舞着双手,冲向那只鸟,大叫着让它注意到我。它高兴地盘旋着,然后飞下来站在我的肩上。
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. As the gun rang out, David and other runners began to run. His small body rocked from side to side as he swung his feet forward. His legs were trembling and drops of sweat were running down his cheeks. He held his fists, gritted his teeth and kept running.
我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。当枪声响起时,大卫和其他跑步者开始奔跑。当他向前摆动双脚时,他的小身体左右摇晃。他的腿在颤抖,汗珠顺着他的脸颊滚落下来。他握紧拳头,咬紧牙关,继续奔跑。
环境描写——身临其境,场景再现
  环境描写可以烘托氛围,折射出人物的心理状态,与人物的思想感情密不可分。环境描写通过对情节的发展变化进行铺垫和暗示,从而丰富文章内容。恰到好处的环境描写会使读者身临其境,使文章更加引人入胜。
1.自然环境
自然环境包括天气和自然景物。作者往往通过对自然景物的描写借景抒情、融情于景。在进行自然环境描写时,可以通过描写故事中的人物对环境的主观感受,一般为感官感受,让读者身临其境,感知人物的情感变化。
①After a while Uncle Paul and his farmhouse were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
过了一会儿,保罗叔叔和他的农舍就消失在视线中。周围是如此的宁静,褐色的岩石、深绿色的松树和傍晚的阳光混合在一起,创造出了一个神奇的场景。它看起来像一块为我们准备的漂亮的编织毯铺在地上。
②The sky remains bright, bathed in a vivid orange glow.
天空依然明亮,沐浴在鲜艳的橙黄色光芒中。
③Lightning ripped the cloudy night sky.
闪电划破乌云密布的夜空。
④The snow was falling and big snowflakes drifted with the wind like feathers.
雪在不停地下着,鹅毛似的雪花随风飘舞。
2.人文环境
人文环境描写可以准确传达故事人物的心境或情绪。我们可以运用一个地方的时代特点,凸显人们的生活方式;运用一个地方的文化底蕴,凸显人物的自豪感;运用优美的自然风光,凸显热爱之情;运用人物的日常生活环境,凸显主人公的内心与生活。
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The steaming porridge goes well with the rising sun outside of the window, promising a happy Mother’s Day. 
热气腾腾的粥与窗外冉冉升起的太阳很相配,预示着一个快乐的母亲节。
②It was so quiet in the bedroom that the sound of a needle falling on the ground could be heard.
卧室里很安静,连一根针掉在地上的声音都听得见。
3.人物活动场景
人物活动场景描写是以人物为中心的环境描写,通过特定环境下的人物神态和行为描写来表现人物心理状态,达到以场景传情的目的。
①(2022· 6月浙江卷)Most of them wore clothes that were torn and dirty. Some looked like they had totally given up on life, while others seemed to be making the best of the situation, smiling and joking. Some were better off than others, but they all needed a good meal and a warm place to eat.
他们大多数人穿着又破又脏的衣服。有些人看起来完全放弃了生活,而另一些人似乎在充分利用这种处境,微笑着开玩笑。有些人比其他人富裕,但他们都需要一顿美餐和一个温暖的地方吃饭。
②Soon the Meredith household was filled with laughter. The aroma spread out for miles. Neighbors popped their heads out of their windows in search of its source.
很快,梅雷迪斯一家充满了笑声。香气蔓延了数英里。邻居们从窗户探出头来寻找它的源头。
对话描写——未见其人,先闻其声
  对话描写可以鲜明地展示人物的性格,生动地表现人物的思想感情,深刻地反映人物的内心世界,使读者“闻其声,如见其人”。
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In a moment of desperation, I mustered the courage to ask, “Could it be possible for me to pay for the ride when I return from Prague?”
在绝望的时刻,我鼓起勇气问:“能不能让我从布拉格回来后再付车费?”
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Giggling instantly with a broad smile spreading on his face,“Congratulations! I knew you had it in you,” he said warmly. “Thank you,” I replied, with a mixture of gratitude and excitement.
他立刻咯咯地笑了起来,脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。“祝贺你!我就知道你有这种能力,”他热情地说。“谢谢您。”我带着感激和兴奋的心情回答。
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said,“Great. Now, write it again.”
当我把这篇文章交给老师时,他读了一遍,大笑起来,说:“太好了。现在,再写一遍。”
5 / 5第六讲 写生动——细节描写,多Show少Tell
  在续写时,为避免描写过于直接呆板,可采用“多Show少Tell”方法进行细节描写。也就是说,通过形象的文字展示细节,勾勒画面,将读者代入其中。一般而言, “Tell”是对事件的直白总结,而 “Show” 则是通过对人物的语言、神态、心理、外貌或动作以及环境氛围的描写,使场景具体化,让人产生画面感、代入感。“Show”可以使续写从肤浅走向深刻,从枯燥走向生动,从平淡走向感人。
外貌描写——一颦一笑,细致入微
  外貌描写是正面刻画人物的一种写作方法,主要从人物的体貌特征方面进行描写,以揭示人物的思想性格,表现作者的爱憎之情,加深读者对人物的印象。
1.肖像描写
肖像描写即描绘人物的面貌特征,它包括人物的身材、容貌、服饰、打扮以及表情、仪态风度、习惯性特点等。肖像描写的目的是以“形” 传“神”,刻画人物的性格特征,反映人物的内心世界。
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Much to my surprise, Gunter responded with a nod, his eyes brimming with understanding.
令我惊讶的是,甘特点头回应,他的眼睛里充满了理解。
②(2022· 1月浙江卷)The moment I arrived at his ward, his pale face and tired look told everything.
我一到他的病房,他苍白的脸和疲惫的表情就说明了一切。
③(2022· 1月浙江卷)When asked about the secret of our successful project, I grinned, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth and answered without hesitation,“Cooperation!”
当被问及我们项目成功的秘诀时,我咧嘴一笑,露出一副洁白无比的牙齿,毫不犹豫地回答:“合作!”
④Harry had a thin face, black hair, and bright green eyes.
哈瑞脸很瘦,黑色的头发和明亮的绿色眼睛。
2.神态描写
人物的神态体现人物的心理状态。在写作中,对人物五官和眼神等动作和变化的描写可以帮助读者领悟人物的心理。神态描写通常伴随肢体描写,使人物形象立体丰满,栩栩如生。
①(2023· 新课标Ⅰ卷)As I entered, he looked up from his book, a warm smile spreading across his face.
当我进来时,他放下书本抬起头来,脸上洋溢着温暖的微笑。
②(2023· 1月浙江卷)For a very long moment, this tiny creature looked into my eyes, turning her head from side to side.
有很长一段时间,这个小生物盯着我的眼睛,头从一边转到另一边。
③(2023·1月浙江卷)It seemed that the bird was waiting for me, its beady eyes locked on mine as if trying to convey some deep, unspoken gratitude.
那只鸟似乎在等着我,它那亮晶晶的小眼睛紧盯着我的眼睛,好像在试图表达某种深沉的、说不出口的感激之情。
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)At the sight of this pitiful boy’s pleading look, I bet no one would refuse.
看到这个可怜的男孩恳求的眼神,我敢打赌没有人会拒绝。
⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)He nodded and bit his lip, tears welling up in his eyes.
他点了点头,咬着嘴唇,眼里噙满了泪水。
心理描写——心随念起,念由心生
  心理描写是对人物在特定环境下的内心活动的描写。人物的心理活动可以通过人物的所思所想和内心独白直接呈现,也可以通过景物烘托、人物动作和神态等间接呈现。以下为几种常见的人物心理描写法:
1.直接表述
直接表述一般与特定情景结合,表达人物的内心所想。直接表述通常有标志词,如表达“想”的词(组)有think、feel、want、decide、be aware、perceive、imagine、conceive、wonder、intend、believe、guess、hope等。
①(2023· 新课标Ⅰ卷)Leaving his office that day, I felt a renewed sense of purpose and determination.
那天离开他的办公室时,我感到一种新的使命感和决心。
②(2023· 1月浙江卷)Leaving the house, I couldn’t help wondering how she was getting on now.
离开那间房子时,我不禁想知道她现在过得怎么样了。
③(2022· 6月浙江卷)Although I still felt a little scared of these dangerous people, I knew the burden on their shoulders — without a place called home, without a proper meal. So I truly hoped my smile could be some of the comfort. But hardly could I imagine that serving the salad could become so challenging and tough when facing a number of guests.
虽然我仍然有点害怕这些危险的人,但我知道他们肩上的担子——没有一个可称之为家的地方,没有一顿像样的饭。所以我真的希望我的微笑能带来些许安慰。但我很难想象,当面对许多客人时,提供沙拉会变得如此具有挑战性和艰难。
④(2022· 1月浙江卷)When Dr. Henderson was assigning (指定) project mates for his psychology class, I secretly hoped that he would pair me with my best friend or at least a classmate I could have some fun with.
当亨德森博士为他的心理学课分配项目伙伴时,我私下希望他能让我和我最好的朋友搭档,或者至少和一个我可以和其玩得开心的同学搭档。
2.内心独白
内心独白类似于电影中人物思考时的画外音,是反应人物内心世界的一种重要手段。内心独白一般使用第一人称,通常使用抒情笔法展示人物的内心矛盾和思想斗争。在读后续写中,人物内心独白不一定占用太多的篇幅,可以通过简单的几句话展现人物的心理状态。
①(2023· 1月浙江卷)Perhaps she had been struggling against the window too long and was too tired? Or too thirsty?
也许她在窗边挣扎太久了,太累了?还是太渴了?
②(2023· 1月浙江卷)Memories with the hummingbird occurred to me when I walked to the blackberry-lined path. Was she alright? Would she remember me?
当我走到黑莓小径时,我想起了与蜂鸟的往事。它还好吗?它会记得我吗?
3.间接呈现
间接呈现常用反向表达、修辞手法等手段来描述人物内心的喜怒哀乐。
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)A flood of sympathy and sadness emerged in my heart.
一股同情和悲伤涌上我的心头。
②(2021·1月浙江卷)The air inside the pumpkin was full of my anxious breath.
这个南瓜里的空气充满了我焦虑的气息。
③Her imagination was busy, her reflections were pleasant, and the pain of a sprained ankle was disregarded.
她浮想联翩,心里觉得美滋滋的,早把脚踝的伤痛抛到九霄云外。
动作描写——一举一动,跃然纸上
  人物的动作描写可以展现人物的内心活动,表现人物的性格特征,塑造人物形象并推动情节发展。精准的动作描写能够更加细致地反映人物的心理情绪变化,更加生动地刻画人物的内心世界。
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Having made an apology to him, I asked him for a delay in payment and promised to call him and pay him back the money I owed him.
我向他道歉后,要求晚一点把打车费给他,答应给他打电话,把欠他的钱还给他。
②(2023·1月浙江卷)Hands waving, I dashed towards the bird, yelling to make myself noticed. She hovered cheerfully and lowered to stand on my shoulder.
我挥舞着双手,冲向那只鸟,大叫着让它注意到我。它高兴地盘旋着,然后飞下来站在我的肩上。
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. As the gun rang out, David and other runners began to run. His small body rocked from side to side as he swung his feet forward. His legs were trembling and drops of sweat were running down his cheeks. He held his fists, gritted his teeth and kept running.
我看着大卫和其他选手一起走到起跑线上。当枪声响起时,大卫和其他跑步者开始奔跑。当他向前摆动双脚时,他的小身体左右摇晃。他的腿在颤抖,汗珠顺着他的脸颊滚落下来。他握紧拳头,咬紧牙关,继续奔跑。
环境描写——身临其境,场景再现
  环境描写可以烘托氛围,折射出人物的心理状态,与人物的思想感情密不可分。环境描写通过对情节的发展变化进行铺垫和暗示,从而丰富文章内容。恰到好处的环境描写会使读者身临其境,使文章更加引人入胜。
1.自然环境
自然环境包括天气和自然景物。作者往往通过对自然景物的描写借景抒情、融情于景。在进行自然环境描写时,可以通过描写故事中的人物对环境的主观感受,一般为感官感受,让读者身临其境,感知人物的情感变化。
①After a while Uncle Paul and his farmhouse were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
过了一会儿,保罗叔叔和他的农舍就消失在视线中。周围是如此的宁静,褐色的岩石、深绿色的松树和傍晚的阳光混合在一起,创造出了一个神奇的场景。它看起来像一块为我们准备的漂亮的编织毯铺在地上。
②The sky remains bright, bathed in a vivid orange glow.
天空依然明亮,沐浴在鲜艳的橙黄色光芒中。
③Lightning ripped the cloudy night sky.
闪电划破乌云密布的夜空。
④The snow was falling and big snowflakes drifted with the wind like feathers.
雪在不停地下着,鹅毛似的雪花随风飘舞。
2.人文环境
人文环境描写可以准确传达故事人物的心境或情绪。我们可以运用一个地方的时代特点,凸显人们的生活方式;运用一个地方的文化底蕴,凸显人物的自豪感;运用优美的自然风光,凸显热爱之情;运用人物的日常生活环境,凸显主人公的内心与生活。
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The steaming porridge goes well with the rising sun outside of the window, promising a happy Mother’s Day. 
热气腾腾的粥与窗外冉冉升起的太阳很相配,预示着一个快乐的母亲节。
②It was so quiet in the bedroom that the sound of a needle falling on the ground could be heard.
卧室里很安静,连一根针掉在地上的声音都听得见。
3.人物活动场景
人物活动场景描写是以人物为中心的环境描写,通过特定环境下的人物神态和行为描写来表现人物心理状态,达到以场景传情的目的。
①(2022· 6月浙江卷)Most of them wore clothes that were torn and dirty. Some looked like they had totally given up on life, while others seemed to be making the best of the situation, smiling and joking. Some were better off than others, but they all needed a good meal and a warm place to eat.
他们大多数人穿着又破又脏的衣服。有些人看起来完全放弃了生活,而另一些人似乎在充分利用这种处境,微笑着开玩笑。有些人比其他人富裕,但他们都需要一顿美餐和一个温暖的地方吃饭。
②Soon the Meredith household was filled with laughter. The aroma spread out for miles. Neighbors popped their heads out of their windows in search of its source.
很快,梅雷迪斯一家充满了笑声。香气蔓延了数英里。邻居们从窗户探出头来寻找它的源头。
对话描写——未见其人,先闻其声
  对话描写可以鲜明地展示人物的性格,生动地表现人物的思想感情,深刻地反映人物的内心世界,使读者“闻其声,如见其人”。
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In a moment of desperation, I mustered the courage to ask, “Could it be possible for me to pay for the ride when I return from Prague?”
在绝望的时刻,我鼓起勇气问:“能不能让我从布拉格回来后再付车费?”
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Giggling instantly with a broad smile spreading on his face,“Congratulations! I knew you had it in you,” he said warmly. “Thank you,” I replied, with a mixture of gratitude and excitement.
他立刻咯咯地笑了起来,脸上洋溢着灿烂的笑容。“祝贺你!我就知道你有这种能力,”他热情地说。“谢谢您。”我带着感激和兴奋的心情回答。
③(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I handed in the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said,“Great. Now, write it again.”
当我把这篇文章交给老师时,他读了一遍,大笑起来,说:“太好了。现在,再写一遍。”
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