高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三节词句猜测课件

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专题一 阅读理解
第三节 词句猜测
词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本
意或引申义的能力，可以以考查生词的意义、考查熟词的生义、对代
词所指代内容的判断、根据上下文推断短语和句子的含义的形式出现。
常见设题方式有：
1.What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
2.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
3.Which best explains the phrase “take...up a notch” in paragraph 3
4.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
5.What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean
类型一 单词或短语意思猜测题
例1 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·C片段）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for
adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires
you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At
the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of
carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
Q. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3
mean ( )
A
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
思路点拨
第一步：根据画线单词前缀de-（除去；取消）可初步猜测词义；
第二步：再根据画线词后面的“step away from”并对比选项可确定
词义。
例2 （2025·全国一卷·B片段）
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive
piece on a health-related topic of their choice. This time they found
the exercise much more interesting. For the next two assignments, a
personal-narrative unit followed by a creative-writing workshop, I only
required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre （体裁）
and that it contain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students
took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each,
with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
Q. What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3
mean ( )
B
A. Mixed. B. Amazing. C. Similar. D. Disturbing.
思路点拨
第一步：根据画线词所在句的主语The results确定猜测词义的关键
是分析对学生作品结果的描述；
第二步：根据画线词下文中的具体描述“diverse topics”“10 to 20
pages each”“with characters that broadened my view and touched my
heart”可推断结果是正面的，“staggering”表达了对成果的惊叹，从而确
定词义。
练1 （2025·湖北襄阳五中三模·D片段）
By representing these values （数值） in a discrepant way—
intentionally using physically larger size of numbers on the page for
lower-calorie options, and smaller size of numbers for high-calorie
foods—businesses can shift customers' preferences toward healthier
food, according to Ruiying Cai from Washington State University.
Q. What does the underlined word “discrepant” in paragraph 2
mean ( )
C
A. Creative. B. Relative. C. Inconsistent. D. Misleading.
[解析] 根据画线单词前缀dis-可初步推断本词具有否定的意思，再根据
后文提及的“using physically larger size of numbers on the page for
lower-calorie options, and smaller size of numbers for high-calorie
foods（在页面上，用较大的字号显示低热量食品选项，而用较小的字
号显示高热量食品）”可推知，discrepant意为“不一致的”。
练2 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·D片段）
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to
process as the computer code（代码） that powers AI but, thankfully,
Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience
translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the
practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and
which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI.
Q. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2
probably mean ( )
C
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
[解析] 先看短语本身，“in the wrong hands”字面意思是“在不合适的
人手里”；接着抓转折词“but”，“but”前说这本书会像驱动人工智能的计
算机代码一样难懂，背后是“不合适的人”的假设，“but”后则明确
Campbell有20多年经验，能把复杂内容写得易懂，说明她是“合适的人”，
由此能推出“wrong hands”就是Campbell的反面，也就是没能力把书写
明白的人。故选C。
类型二 代词指代题
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、逻辑或话题转换频繁的
语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代
对象。#1
例 （2024·浙江1月卷·B片段）
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to
make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago,
right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose
was...2006. I was conducting auditions（试演） for my play in my
tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented
actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws
over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more “young
professional”.
Q. What does the word “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer
to ( )
B
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
思路点拨
第一步：定位“it”在文中的位置，锁定其前1—2句内容。因“it”为
单数，从“the play”“the shared house”等前文中的单数名词里筛选；
第二步：将“the play”“the shared house”代入“it”处，看句意是否合
理、与前后内容是否连贯。排除代入后语义/逻辑不符的“the play”
（与房屋布置语境无关），由此可知答案。
练 （经典高考·C片段）
“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,”
said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-
held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said，
“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell
phone.”
Q. What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph
refer to ( )
D
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
[解析] 画线词something之后有定语“on the books that can change
people's behavior”，由此判断，something是指可以改变人们行为的书面
东西。再结合下文Félix W. Ortiz说的话“如果这个文本分析仪法案变成
法律的话，人们就会更加害怕把手放在手机上了”可推知，something指
代的是法律。故选D。
类型三 句意猜测题
例 （经典高考·C片段）
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of
British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards
left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local
skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe
meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam （横杆）, I fell onto the stones,
damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up:
Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my
friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's
what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
Q. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably
mean ( )
B
A. Be careful! B. Well done!
C. No way! D. Don't worry!
思路点拨
第一步：找出画线句子在文章中的位置。锁定其后关键内容，明
确该场景与“完成滑板动作”相关；
第二步：前文提及safe有“cool”, “hello”, “don't worry”的含义，此
处语境为“我”成功完成动作后，朋友敲板大喊。结合“landing tricks
（完成动作）”这一积极结果可知safe为正面回应；
第三步：将符合正面回应的选项代入，符合“成功完成动作后朋友
欢呼”的逻辑的即为正确选项。
练 （2025·浙江宁波联考）
Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son
of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who
cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings,
he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated
from high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in
World War Ⅱ and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at
the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston,
and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell
behind—but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-
class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books.
Q. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean ( )
A
A. He stayed humble and rooted.
B. He struggled with his identity.
C. His success originated from his roots.
D. He felt torn about his background.
[解析] 根据画线句的下文“Deep down, he saw himself simply as a
working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books.”可知，父
亲虽通过教育改变命运，但内心仍坚定地认可自己的普通出身。由此
可知，画线句表示他始终保持着谦逊，不忘根本。故选A。
强化训练
A
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·全国二卷·B）
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's
Hospital Stanford （LPCH）. “Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm
a teacher,” says Ho. “People get in their minds an idea of what
teachers do, but that's not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients
also become students. The hospital school is free of parents, doctors,
and medical procedures. It's a place of learning. About half of Ho's
students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a
year. Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing
them to return to school is an increasingly important component of
care.
Still, in room 386, academics don't come first. Physical health
and mental health are thepriority. “If you're scared about something
and thinking only about that, there's no way you're going to be able
to learn,”Ho says. “I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and
that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class. She
generally works with their regular teachers to get lessonsand tests
being used at their home schools. Some teachers don't give the kids
any assignments; they express sympathyinstead. “I feel like it is a
disservice to the kids，” Ho says. “They think their teachers don't
care about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up
with their peers（同龄人） outside the hospital. “I actually think
themedicine is only a small piece for some problems,” says Julie
Good， director of pain management services at LPCH. “It's about
problem-solving around what it means to have a full life.
Those kids have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by
giving kids a way to learn and grow.”#1.7
1. Who does Ho teach at LPCH ( )
A
A. Sick children. B. Young nurses.
C. Medical students. D. Patients' parents.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Kathy Ho teaches high school
inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford （LPCH）.”和第二
段中的“‘Here’ is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH
patients also become students.”可知，Ho在LPCH教生病的孩子。故选A。
2. What is a characteristic of Ho's job ( )
D
A. Prioritizing academics. B. Encouraging innovation.
C. Treating various diseases. D. Playing multiple roles.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a
comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”可知，Ho
称自己是教练、顾问、安慰者，体现了其工作需扮演多种角色。故选D。
★3. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph
4 ( )
C
A. Offering regular lessons. B. Paying extra attention.
C. Assigning no schoolwork. D. Showing no sympathy.
[解析] 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的后一句“They think their
teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”可知，孩子们会以为老师不
关心他们的学业；再结合“Some teachers don't give the kids any
assignments...it is a disservice to the kids...”可知，Ho认为医院老师不
给学生布置作业的做法对他们有害。由此推知，“it”指的是不给孩子们
布置作业这一行为。故选C。
4. How does the hospital school benefit the students according to
Good ( )
B
A. It eases peer pressure.
B. It helps them live in hope.
C. It frees them from aches.
D. It entertains them with stories.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Julie Good 所说的“It's about
problem-solving around what it means to have a full life. Those kids
have dreams. School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a
way to learn and grow.”可推知，Good认为医院学校通过让孩子学习成
长、维系梦想，帮助他们生活在希望中。故选B。
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·江苏南京师大附中三模）
One of the top sources of added sugar in children's diets in
America is in their breakfast cereal （麦片）. A study published in
American Journal of Preventive Medicine shows that advertising drives
sales of high-sugar cereal when it's aimed directly at kids under 12—
but not when it targets adults.
In the study, researchers looked at all cereal purchased by 77,000
U.S. households over a nine-year period, between 2008 and 2017.
They also looked at Nielsen ratings data, which closely monitored all
the ads that people in a household saw—both children and adults.
What they found was a strong relationship between how much
advertising was targeted to kids and how much sugary cereal was
bought by households with children. By contrast, there was no link to
increased purchases when ads targeted adults. And these extensive data
also showed that behaviors that were learned in childhood could track
into adulthood, which could lead to poor health outcomes over a
lifetime.
The study is the first to directly compare the influence of food
advertising exposure by children with that of adults. The findings offer
novel evidence of how food marketing turns children into the
“ultimate weapon” in influencing family spending because they
consistently ask their parents to purchase a concept, which is known
as “pester power”.
The food industry launched the Children's Food and Beverage
Advertising Initiative, a voluntary effort to police itself. The 21
participating food companies made a commitment to cut back on
marketing unhealthy foods to children under 12—later revised to under
13. A new study conducted in 2024 showed that children's exposure
to cereal ads on TV programming aimed at kids has dropped
dramatically.
But Lindsey Smith Taillie, a food policy researcher at the
University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, says these voluntary
efforts aren't making a difference. Advertisements, like kids' eyeballs,
are moving online, making it even harder to know what marketing
children are being exposed to, Taillie notes.#1.7
1. What did the study find about child-targeted food ads ( )
C
A. They had no connection with adults' purchases.
B. They were less effective than adult-targeted ads.
C. They might affect children's health in the long run.
D. They could reduce children's interest in sugary food.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And these extensive data also
showed that behaviors that were learned in childhood could track into
adulthood, which could lead to poor health outcomes over a lifetime.”
可知，研究发现针对儿童的食品广告可能会影响儿童的长期健康。故
选C。
★2. What does the underlined phrase “pester power” in paragraph 3
mean ( )
D
A. Parents' unconditional love.
B. Children's uncontrolled spending.
C. Parents' growing consumption.
D. Children's repeated purchase requests.
[解析] 词句猜测题。根据画线短语前的known as可知，前面内容就是
该短语的意思，前面内容为“they consistently ask their parents to
purchase a concept”，they指代children,由此可推知，pester power指的
是“孩子们反复的购买请求”。故选D。
3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about ( )
B
A. An expectation for further study.
B. The follow-up influence of the study.
C. A limitation of the research method.
D. The potential application of the findings.
[解析] 段落大意题。根据第四段关键信息“A new study conducted in
2024 showed that children's exposure to cereal ads on TV
programming aimed at kids has dropped dramatically.”可知，本段主要
讲了该研究的后续影响。故选B。
4. What is Taillie's attitude toward the voluntary efforts ( )
C
A. Favorable. B. Tolerant.
C. Disapproving. D. Reserved.
[解析] 推理判断题。最后一段由But引出，且Taillie指出“these
voluntary efforts aren't making a difference”并强调广告转向线上更难
监管，由此可知Taillie对自愿活动持否定态度。故选C。