高考英语二轮复习专题三完形填空第三节利用生活常识和文化背景课件

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专题三 完形填空
第三节 利用生活常识和文化背景
类型一 生活常识
完形填空所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文。
这些文章贴近考生的生活，会涉及对生活常识的考查。考生要准确理
解语境，根据生活常识选出正确答案。
例 （2025·全国二卷·片段）
“Hold on: Consider failure as a ___ to success and never give
up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “Help others: Lift others up on
your journey. Success is sweeter when shared.”
D
A. green light B. road block
C. passing mark D. stepping stone
思路点拨
常言道“失败是成功之母”，根据生活常识可知，你可以把失败看
作是成功道路上的垫脚石，不要轻言放弃。
练 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段）
Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my
door to ___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.
A
A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order
[解析] 本题贴近考生的生活，根据生活常识可知，因为要下雨，所以
邻居来到“我”家提醒（remind）“我”关车窗。
类型二 文化背景
完形填空的语篇常常渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识，有的选项
设置与文化背景相关，这就要求考生有较宽的知识面，特别是对英语
国家文化的敏感度和鉴别力，这样才能准确理解文意。
例 （2024·全国甲卷·片段）
Born just before WWⅡ, my grandmother experienced an entirely
different childhood lifestyle from mine. She did not have a chance to
go to school. Like in typical families, where boys were favored much
more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do ___. The
only opportunity（机会） she could seize to study was when her
brother was having Chinese lessons with the family tutor.
D
A. gardening B. homework C. business D. housework
思路点拨
本题具有较强的文化和时代背景，根据空前的“Like in typical
families, where boys were favored much more than girls”可知，在旧
社会，男孩子更受家庭重视，他们会去接受教育，而奶奶作为女孩子，
只能待在家里做家务。
练 （2025·河北承德二模·片段）
My family recently moved from America to Italy...
...
We did not hire a guide, which was respected by the guides, but
totally incomprehensible to many of the locals. I viewed hiking with a
guide as an ___ of poor wilderness skills. But, through conversations
with other hikers and guests, I came to understand the way many
Italians approached visiting the park. They came to learn and see
beauty but not necessarily to be alone and to feel the thrill （兴奋感）
of independently surviving in nature.
B
A. explanation B. admission C. observation D. intervention
[解析] 根据第一段中的“My family recently moved from America to
Italy”可知，作者一家是美国人，结合文化背景可知，美国人通常认为
自己热衷于冒险，具有独立性。由此可推断出，作者会觉得雇导游就
意味着承认（admission）自己野外生存技能不足。
强化训练
A
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·浙江1月卷）
Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction. It's . .1. .. A few months
ago, the 30-year-old teacher decided it was time to put her . .2. . to
good use. She signed up on the website Bookalokal, and now
welcomes . .3. . into her Brussels flat twice a week for dinner parties.
Ribeiro . .4. . ?35 per person for what is usually a three-course
meal that can last up to three hours. For Ribeiro, it has become a
perfect platform for . .5. . her hobby of buying food, . .6. . new recipes
and holding dinner parties.
“It's a great opportunity to share my passion for food and to . .7. .
new people,” said Ribeiro. Sometimes she prepares traditional Brazilian
dishes . .8. . her native home; other times she . .9. . dinner courses with
her favorite beers.
The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a
great deal of freedom, as . .10. . to a restaurant where the service
is . .11. ., the menu is known in advance, and the meal is expected to
be no . .12. ..
“But it's also a great . .13. ., for it can sometimes take days
to . .14. . a single event,” Ribeiro said. “This platform is not only . .15. .
for professional cooks, but also for those willing to discover new
experiences.”#1.7
1. ( ) A. reading B. traveling C. cooking D. teaching
C
[解析] 空前的“It”指代首句中的“a healthy addiction”，再结合后面的
“dinner parties”“a three-course meal” “her hobby of buying food, 6
new recipes and holding dinner parties” “share my passion for food”
等信息可推知，Ribeiro这种健康的嗜好是烹饪（cooking）。
2. ( ) A. hobby B. energy C. education D. money
A
[解析] 根据上文中的“Manuela Ribeiro has a healthy addiction. It's 1.”
可知，她有一种健康的爱好，此处指Ribeiro决定好好利用她的这种爱
好（hobby）。空处与上文中的“addiction”形成了同义词复现，同时与
第二段中的“hobby”形成了原词复现。
3. ( ) A. coworkers B. students C. relatives D. strangers
D
[解析] 根据第三段中的“new people”可知，到Ribeiro的公寓参加宴会
的人都是陌生人（strangers）。
4. ( ) A. pays B. charges C. owes D. raises
B
[解析] 根据下文中的“?35 per person for what is usually a three-
course meal”可知，这是Manuela Ribeiro为客人提供的晚餐的收费
（charges）标准。“charge+金额+for...”是固定搭配，意为“为……收
费……”。
5. ( ) A. pursuing B. choosing C. discussing D. changing
A
[解析] 根据第四段中的“The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise
her dream”可知，此处表示这成了Ribeiro追求（pursuing）自己的烹饪
爱好的极好平台。
6. ( ) A. passing on B. trying out
C. going over D. taking down
B
[解析] 根据空后的“new recipes”并结合第三段中的“Sometimes she
prepares traditional Brazilian dishes 8 her native home; other times
she 9 dinner courses with her favorite beers.”可知，此处表示尝试
（trying out）新食谱。
7. ( ) A. hire B. help C. meet D. train
C
[解析] 根据首段中的“now welcomes 3 into her Brussels flat twice a
week for dinner parties”可知，Ribeiro欢迎陌生人到她的公寓参加宴会，
所以此处表示结识（meet）新人。
8. ( ) A. in addition to B. in return for
C. in honor of D. in line with
C
[解析] 根据首段中的“her Brussels flat”可知，Ribeiro生活在比利时布
鲁塞尔；再根据空前的“she prepares traditional Brazilian dishes”并结
合文化背景可知，她准备传统巴西菜肴是为了纪念（in honor of）自
己的家乡。in addition to除……以外；in return for作为对……的回报；
in line with与……一致。
9. ( ) A. replaces B. tastes C. orders D. pairs
D
[解析] 此处表示Ribeiro给菜肴搭配她最喜欢的啤酒。pair...with...意为
“给……搭配……”。
10. ( ) A. opposed B. related C. subject D. vital
A
[解析] 根据上文中的“The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her
dream with a great deal of freedom”可知，这个平台使Ribeiro在烹饪
时有很大的自由发挥空间；再结合空后关于餐馆的描述“where the
service is 11, the menu is known in advance, and the meal is
expected to be no 12”可推知，Ribeiro在家准备的宴会与餐馆不同。as
opposed to意为“与……相反，而非……”，表示对比。
11. ( ) A. invaluable B. impersonal
C. unsuitable D. unprofessional
B
[解析] 根据第三段中的“It's a great opportunity to share my passion
for food and to 7 new people”以及上文中的“realise her dream with a
great deal of freedom”可知，Ribeiro在家准备的宴会有很大的自由发挥
空间，能够展示她对食物的热爱并结识新朋友。结合常识可知，相比
之下，餐馆的服务就显得缺乏人情味儿（impersonal）了。
12. ( ) A. surprise B. end C. need D. problem
A
[解析] 根据上文中的“the menu is known in advance”可知，菜单是提
前知道的，由此推知饭菜没有新意（surprise）。
13. ( ) A. lesson B. pleasure C. success D. challenge
D
[解析] 空后的连词for提示前后构成因果关系，空后说有时筹备一次活
动可能需要几天的时间，由此可见，这是一个巨大的挑战（challenge）。
14. ( ) A. celebrate B. record C. attend D. organise
D
[解析] 根据第二段中的“holding dinner parties”可知，此处指组织
（organise）一次活动。
15. ( ) A. selected B. reserved C. evaluated D. requested
B
[解析] 根据下文中的“for professional cooks, but also for those willing
to discover new experiences”可知，这个平台不仅适用于专业厨师，也
适用于乐意发现新体验的人。reserve...for...意为“为……保留……”。
B
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我
（2025·湖南长沙一中二模）
I once worked in the remote but beautiful countryside. All farm
work can, in my experience, . .1. . a person to develop a Spartan
（斯巴达式的，简朴的） spirit.
From the age of eight, I had to contribute my share of . .2. .
along with my parents and two elder brothers. On the hottest summer
days when the air . .3. . flowed, I knelt in a paddy field （稻田）
with my knees deep in mud. The bugs and worms in the water . .4. .
into my skin, and the sun burned upon my . .5. . back. Sweat streamed
down; if a drop ran into the eyes, it would . .6. . tears. So I always
kept my face as low as possible.
I told myself, “Be . .7. .!” If my parents and brothers could go on
taking it, so could I. . .8. . I pulled myself together and dragged myself
forward. I learned not to be afraid of difficulties and the meaning of
“you reap （收获） what you . .9. .”.
“Judge a man not by his face, but by his . .10. .,” my mother
used to say. The land is . .11. ., as long as you are willing to work on
it. When the wind blew and the rice plants moved like . .12. . in the
sea, breathtakingly beautiful, a deep sense of satisfaction . .13. . in me.
Although later I went into academic research, I shall always
remember what working in the paddy fields taught me: . .14. . your feet
firmly on the ground, never give up and you will be . .15. ..#1.7
1. ( ) A. remind B. warn C. require D. train
D
[解析] 根据文化背景可知，“Spartan spirit”源于古希腊城邦斯巴达所崇
尚的军事文化与价值观，成为现代文化中勇气与毅力的象征。结合生
活常识可知，田间劳作是一种锻炼，能够培养人发展（train）斯巴达式
精神。
2. ( ) A. wealth B. luck C. labour D. wisdom
C
[解析] 根据下文中的“I knelt in a paddy field with my knees deep in
mud”可知，作者从八岁起就和父母以及两个哥哥一起分担劳动
（labour）。
3. ( ) A. gently B. hardly C. heavily D. usually
B
[解析] 本句重点描写“热”，无风的热才是最难耐的热，由此可推知，
此处指空气几乎不（hardly）流动。
4. ( ) A. climbed B. bit C. cut D. fell
B
[解析] 根据生活常识可知，“bugs and worms”通常咬（bit）人。
5. ( ) A. arched B. broad
C. strong D. straightened
A
[解析] 根据上文中的“I knelt in a paddy field with my knees deep in
mud”和生活常识可知，在稻田劳作时，人通常是弓着背的（arched）。
下文中的“So I always kept my face as low as possible.”也是提示。
6. ( ) A. hold B. produce C. drop D. replace
B
[解析] 根据上文中的“Sweat streamed down; if a drop ran into the
eyes”和生活常识可知，汗水流进眼睛会刺激眼睛产生（produce）眼泪。
7. ( ) A. quick B. proud C. quiet D. patient
D
[解析] 根据下文中的“If my parents and brothers could go on taking
it, so could I.”并结合上文描写的炎热且艰苦的劳作环境可知，作者需
要鼓励自己有耐心（patient）。
8. ( ) A. Slowly B. Slightly C. Safely D. Sadly
A
[解析] 根据下文中的“I pulled myself together and dragged myself
forward”可知，作者在自我鼓励后，逐渐（Slowly）振作起来。
9. ( ) A. pick B. find C. sow D. wish
C
[解析] 根据文化背景可知，此处意为“种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆”，惯用表
达为“you reap what you sow”。
10. ( ) A. fields B. books C. neighbors D. clothes
A
[解析] 上文在介绍田间劳作，因此，这里是说不要以貌取人，而要以
他的田地（fields）来评判他。
11. ( ) A. affordable B. acceptable
C. dependable D. livable
C
[解析] 根据上文中的“you reap what you 9”以及下文的“as long as
you are willing to work on it”可知，只要在土地上劳作就会有收获，
说明土地是可依靠的（dependable）。
12. ( ) A. boats B. weeds C. fishes D. waves
D
[解析] 根据上文中的“When the wind blew”以及空后“in the sea”可知，
此处指风吹动的稻田就像海浪（waves）一样，也就是风吹稻“浪”的感觉。
13. ( ) A. welled up B. broke up
C. cooled off D. held off
A
[解析] 根据上文中的“a deep sense of satisfaction”可知，此处指看到
风吹稻田呈现的美景，作者心中涌起（welled up）满足感。break up
结束；cool off冷却下来；hold off推迟。
14. ( ) A. drag B. kick C. plant D. lift
C
[解析] 根据空前的“taught me”及冒号可知，此处指作者明白的道理；
根据上文中的“what working in the paddy fields”以及“I knelt in a
paddy field with my knees deep in mud”可知，作者明白了从事学术
研究和种植水稻一样，要脚踏实地，不辞辛劳。plant feet firmly on
the ground表示“脚踏实地”。
15. ( ) A. promoted B. educated
C. comforted D. rewarded
D
[解析] 根据上文中的“you reap what you 9”可知，脚踏实地、不放弃
就会有收获，也就是会得到回报（rewarded）。