高考英语二轮复习专题二七选五第二节根据逻辑关系课件

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专题二 七选五
第二节 根据逻辑关系
从逻辑关系上来看，句子之间有并列、递进、类比、转折、让步、
对比、解释、例证、因果等关系，有时甚至包含不止一种关系。因此，
理解七选五的材料时，一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。
如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生可以利用其进行推理判断；
如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，考生需要全面理解文章大意，
根据上下文语境弄清文章内在的逻辑关系，作出正确的判断。
类型一 并列、递进
例 （2024·全国甲卷·片段）
Control emotional（情绪的） eating. ___ Many of us also turn to
food to deal with unpleasant emotions such as sadness, loneliness, or
boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can
regain control over the food you eat and your feelings.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
√
思路点拨
第一步：根据设空位置判断设空处为段中句；
第二步：根据下文also判定设空处与下文为递进关系，故两句主语
应保持一致，故锁定选项B、D、F； 第三步：根据本段主旨句“控制
情绪化进食”以及下文“我们中的许多人也会求助于食物来处理不愉快
的情绪”可推断正确答案。
练 （2025·全国一卷·片段）
Catherine Murphy, a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat,
makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order. She goes
back and forth between machines to make the drinks. ___ As the
customer grabs the drink from her hand, she smiles and says, “Hello,
how is your day ” Even when the line is getting longer, she doesn't
let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for
class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working
anywhere else.
√
[解析] 空前介绍Murphy穿梭于机器之间做饮品,空后提到顾客从她的手
中接过饮品。D项（完成一份订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字）与前后
文构成连贯动作: Murphy 制作饮品→喊顾客名字→顾客领取饮品。
类型二 类比、转折、让步、对比
例 （2024·全国甲卷·片段）
What is moderation（适度） Basically, it means eating only as
much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end
of a meal, but not too full. ___ But it doesn't mean saying goodbye
to the foods you love.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
√
思路点拨
第一步：根据设空位置判断设空处为段中句；
第二步：根据下文But判定设空处与下文为转折关系； 第三步：
根据空后的内容“适度并不意味着告别你喜欢的食物”可推断，空处应
讲适度意味着什么，由此可确定正确答案。
练 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段）
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford
Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99
pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It
contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic
phrases. ___ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to
look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
√
[解析] 本空为段中句。根据空后的“However”可知，设空处与下文为转
折关系；空后提到没有什么东西比这个纸质字典更好的了，这是好的
含义，由此推断，设空处是不好的、消极的方面，或者是一个贬义的
句子，A项“我不经常使用这本字典”在褒贬和转折逻辑方面与原文完美
契合：我不经常使用这本字典，但是，如果我需要查一个词的词源或
者查找它的用法示例，那就没有什么比它更好的了。
类型三 解释、例证
例证是指某句话是为了证明另一句话所阐述的观点而举的例子。
例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳（从例子到观点）和推
理（从观点到例子）。
例 （经典高考·片段）
There are three main types of cryptography. ___ For example, the
first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden
message “Meet me.”
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break
them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word
spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand
for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for
specific letters of the alphabet.
√
思路点拨
第一步：根据设空位置判断设空处为段中句；
第二步：根据空后标志词语“For example”可判断，设空处与空后
内容为例证关系；
第三步：根据本段主旨句和空后的“the first letters” “spell out”
“the hidden message”可推断正确答案。
练 （2025·广东广州二模·片段）
Medicine is complex. ___ For instance, the cause of a cough
in a healthy 25-year-old might be different from that in a 65-year-old
smoker. Yet, they might find the same search results. People may also
not know the exact terms to search for. A search for “bloating
（腹胀）” might suggest eating more slowly or avoiding dairy
products, which can help if bloating is from too much air, but not so
if it's from fluid （液体） build-up. Only after seeing a doctor and
undergoing a physical examination would it be identified as “ascites
（腹腔积水）”.
A. So is this trend bound to continue
B. But is online medical advice actually reliable
C. These pages may be created by profit-driven companies.
D. An even bigger issue is the rise of medical misinformation.
E. Online articles often fail to consider each person's unique situation.
F. Unfortunately, it's not always easy to figure out a website's
intentions.
G. Reliable sources are usually written by doctors or hosted on trusted
sites.
√
[解析] 根据空后的“For instance”可知，设空处与空后内容为例证关系；
空后例子“一个健康的25岁的人咳嗽的原因可能与一个65岁的吸烟者不
同。然而，他们可能会找到相同的搜索结果”说明了互联网不会考虑个
体因素，E项“网络文章往往没有考虑到每个人的独特情况”符合语境。
类型四 因果
因果关系是指前后句有着原因和结果的关系，这种关系往往说明
了前因后果或前果后因的情况。
例 （2025·全国一卷·片段）
Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes
every day to get to work on time. ___ “I do so because I like to
make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning,”
Murphy said. Being a mother and wife has helped her become the
woman she is. She believes she is here to serve.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order, she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks, it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for
class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working
anywhere else.
√
思路点拨
第一步：根据设空位置判断设空处为段中句；
第二步：空后的so是标志词语，指代空处内容，根据空后的
because可判定设空处与空后内容为因果关系；
第三步：根据空后的原因“我喜欢给学生们煮咖啡，我知道他们早
上需要”并结合空前提到的“Murphy 日常准时上班”可推知正确答案。
练 （2025·安徽合肥一模·片段）
The findings reflect the cultural narratives （叙述） surrounding
achievements in each society. In American culture, the “self” is
defined by qualities, and abilities, which are largely fixed. Thus, while
the achievement of others reflects their high ability, it becomes a
mirror to reveal one's own lack of ability. ___ As a result, Chinese
children tend to view others' achievements not as signs of natural
superiority, but as opportunities for learning and self-improvement.
A. It can be a source of motivation.
B. These cultural differences extend to educational practices.
C. Education facilitates personal growth and social progress.
D. They influence our motivations, relationships and actions.
E. Both groups told detailed stories but showed clear differences in
content.
F. Different responses can lead to constructive or destructive reactions
and actions.
G. However, Chinese culture stresses abilities and qualities can
improve through efforts.
√
[解析] 根据空后的“As a result”可知，设空处与下文形成因果关系。前
文提到美国文化认为能力在很大程度上是固定的（fixed），因此他人
的成就像一面镜子，反映出自己能力的不足。后文提到中国孩子将他
人的成就视为学习和自我提升的机会（opportunities for learning and
self-improvement）。设空处需要解释为什么中国孩子会有这种不同的
态度。G项“然而，中国文化强调能力与品质是可以通过努力得到提升
的”直接解释了下文的结果。此处的逻辑为：因为中国文化认为能力可
以提升，所以中国孩子将他人的成就视为学习和自我提升的机会。
强化训练
A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然
（2023·全国乙卷）
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing
much, but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
1.___, but studies have shown that they can promote people's
wellbeing by improving their mood（心情）, reducing stress and
helping their memory. What's more, indoor plants are easy to look
after and are not very expensive.
B
What are indoor plants
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants
that like to grow indoors. Many of these species（物种） are not
ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter.
2.___.
Why are indoor plants good for you
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says,
“3.___. I find during the winter months, plants around the house can
D
C
really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found
that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is
also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them
by removing harmful gases， such as carbon dioxide. They also
remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking. 4.___.
Which plants can you grow
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species
that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets,
E
garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully
grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature—which is
part of the joy of owning plants. “5.___,” Spoelstra says. “It can
bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make
the link between home and nature.”#1.6.1
G
A.All plants are different
B.Not only do they look beautiful
C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D.Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E.Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best
F.Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very
rewarding#7
1. ___
B
[解析] 设空处所在句后半句表明室内绿植还可以通过改善心情、减轻
压力、增进记忆力来提升人们的幸福感,再结合本段最后一句中的
“What's more”可知，本空应介绍室内植物的优点。B项“它们不仅看起
来漂亮”符合语境，且B项中的“Not only”与空后的“but”构成固定搭配，
在意思上构成递进关系。
2. ___
D
[解析] 上文说许多这样的物种不太适宜在英国的室外生长,特别是在冬
季，D项“相反,它们在更温暖的室内长势更好”承接上文，与上文构成
转折关系,符合语境。
3. ___
C
[解析] 下文提到室内植物可以提振情绪，提高创造力、专注力和记忆
力，去除有害气体和一些有害的化学物质，这都是在室内种植绿植的
好处,空处具有概括和引领下文的功能。C项“在室内种植植物有很多好
处”符合语境。
4. ___
E
[解析] 设空处位于段尾,起总结段落主旨或承接上文的作用。上文提到
室内植物可以通过消除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气,还可以
消去一些来自油漆或烹饪的有害化学物，而E项说和平百合和魔鬼藤正
是其中两种效果最好的植物，承接上文，符合语境。
5. ___
G
[解析] 上文介绍的是照顾室内植物的事，空后提到它可以为人们的生
活带来新的兴趣和关注点，并有助于将家庭与自然联系起来。G项“了
解每种植物的习性会很有益处”符合上下文语境。空后“It”指代G项中的
“Learning about the requirements of each plant”。
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·湖南师大附中二模）
Complimenting （赞美） others is a simple yet powerful way to
build better relationships, boost someone's self-esteem, and spread
positive energy. 1.___. Here are some tips to help you become a
master at complimenting others and make someone's day.
F
Be sincere in your words
Sincerity is the foundation of a great compliment. People can
usually tell whether a compliment is genuine or not. 2.___. Instead,
take the time to find something you truly admire about the person.
For example, if you say, “Your hard work on this project really
shows. I can see how much effort you've put in,” it will be much
more meaningful than a casual, insincere “Good job.”
B
3.___
A compliment will feel more special when it's clear you've
noticed something that really matters to the person you're talking to.
For example, if your mother-in-law spends a lot of time cultivating
her beautiful flower garden, you could compliment her on her
excellent eye for plimenting someone on what they're really
good at is a sure way to bring a smile to his or her face every time.
A
Link to their goals or values
If you know what a person values or what their goals are, you
can tailor your compliment accordingly. 4.___. For instance, if your
friend is passionate about environmental protection and has organized
a recycling campaign, you can say, “I really admire your dedication to
protecting the environment. This recycling campaign is making a real
difference, and it shows how much you care.”
E
Add a positive prediction
Ending your compliment with a positive prediction can make it
even more powerful. 5.___. For example, “You have a real talent for
public speaking. I'm sure you'll be a great speaker in the future and
inspire many people.”
By following these steps, you'll become a master at making
others feel valued and appreciated.#1.7.2
C
A.Admire their personal achievements
B.Avoid giving forced or insincere compliments
C.It gives the person something to look forward to
D.Don't compliment someone just in complicated words
E.This can make your compliment more relevant and meaningful
F.However, not everyone knows how to give effective compliments
G.A compliment should be in line with the situation and your goals
1. ___
F
[解析] 前文提到“赞美他人是一种简单而有力的方式，可以建立更好的
关系，增强自尊，传播正能量”，突出了compliment的作用；后文提到
“这里有一些技巧可以帮助你成为赞美别人的大师，让别人开心”。由
此可推知设空处需要点明并非每个人都懂得如何赞美他人。F项“然而，
并不是每个人都知道如何给予有效的赞美”符合语境。
2. ___
B
[解析] 根据空后的“Instead”可知，空处与后文内容意义相反；后文提
到“花点时间去寻找你真正欣赏这个人的地方”，再结合本段小标题“说
话真诚”可知，空处应讲到不要给出不真诚的赞美，要用心去发现对方
值得赞赏之处。B项“避免强加或不真诚的赞美”符合语境。
3. ___
A
[解析] 空处为本段小标题，为本段主旨。空后句提到“当你清楚地注意到
与你交谈的人真正关心的事情时，赞美会让人感觉更特别”，然后举例进
行说明。再结合本段最后一句“称赞某人所擅长的领域，每次都能让其脸
上绽放笑容，这是一种非常有效的方法”可知，本段主要说明了要赞美对
方擅长的、有成就感的事情。A项“欣赏他们的个人成就”符合语境。
4. ___
E
[解析] 根据空后的“For instance”可知，本短语前后内容为例证关系，
上文提到“如果你知道一个人的价值观或他们的目标是什么，你可以相
应地调整你的赞美”，设空处应承接上文，说明这样做的好处，同时空
后所举的这一做法的例子印证了这一做法的好处。E项“这可以使你的
赞美更有针对性，更有意义”符合语境。
5. ___
C
[解析] 空后的“For example”说明设空处与下文内容为例证关系，上文
提到“用一个积极的预测来结束你的赞美会让它更有力量”，后文用演
讲天赋和演说家的例子来对此进行说明。由此可知，该段强调积极的
预测能让赞美更有力，设空处应解释积极预测的作用。C项“这给了对
方一些值得期待的东西”符合语境。