高考英语二轮复习专题二七选五第三节依据词汇线索课件

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专题二 七选五
第三节 依据词汇线索
七选五中，除了整体把握文章篇章结构、句式结构、上下文逻辑关
系外，充分利用关键词也能帮助考生更快、更准确地解题。根据选项关
键词推断上下文内容、根据空前空后关键词推断设空处内容都是考生应
该掌握的技能。常见的关键词有代词、数词、时间名词、地点名词、连
词、连接性副词等。此外，词汇的复现，如原词复现，同义词、近义词、
反义词复现，同源词复现，同畴词复现等也是解题的切入点。
类型一 代词线索
代词的使用主要是为了避免重复。代词一般用于指代前面提到的
人或物，有时也用于指代前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指
代关系，可以帮助我们理解文章内容并选出正确答案。常用代词的指
代意义：
①it=单数/不可数名词或整个句子
②they/them=复数名词或多个并列名词（短语）
③he=单数男性
④she=单数女性
⑤ones=泛指的复数名词
⑥one=泛指的单数名词
⑦that=特指的单数/不可数名词
⑧this=单数名词、不可数名词或句子
⑨these/those=特指的复数名词#1.9
例 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段）
___ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus
differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not
identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don't want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
√
思路点拨
第一步：根据空后两个句子的主语It可知,设空处应该出现It的指代
内容，即单数/不可数名词或整个句子；
第二步：分析空后两句的意思可知“It”指的是词典，设空处应包含
单数的表示词典的字眼；
第三步：再次分析空后两句的意思可知，这两句提到了词典的功能，
由此可知，空处也应该描述其功能。
练 （2024·浙江1月卷·片段）
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses
into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person
courses. ___ He noted that his online students usually end up with
lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your
grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch
your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
A. But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and
online.
E. The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human
interaction.
√
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best
possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for
online courses.
[解析] 设空处后的“He”为解题关键词,由此确定设空处应该出现一位男性；
分析各选项出现的单数男性名称可定位到D项。由空后句“他指出，他的
在线学生最终的成绩通常较低”可知，“He”指老师，从而确定答案为D。
类型二 词汇复现
词汇复现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指简单的原词重现，
而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出
现，还可能以同义词、近义词，甚至反义词等形式出现。
例 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段）
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed
destinations is to go somewhere else. Though overtourism is described
as a problem affecting the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a
small number of extremely popular spots. That means you have tons
of less-visited options to choose from. ___Why not try a regional
alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting.
√
思路点拨
第一步：着重阅读空前空后两句，锁定关键词“less-visited”和
“lesser-known”；
第二步：观察选项，找出与关键词呼应的词“relatively
undiscovered”，从而确定答案。
练 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷·片段）
It's something of a cliché （陈词滥调） that most people learn not
from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it's true. ___
We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a
positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your
personality.
√
[解析] 根据空前内容可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。G项中的
“mistake”和本段首句中的“mistakes”呼应，G项中的“it isn't a fixed
aspect of your personality”和空后的“changing and learning”呼应。
故选G。
强化训练
A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·浙江1月卷）
One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to
do too much. 1.___ There's no value in delivering any kind of
communication, whether written, spoken, formal, or informal, if the
message doesn't come across clearly. Being clear and brief—while
maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to
know—is a high-level communication skill.
C
Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate
more effectively.
●Keep your audience in mind.
Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged
when you tailor your communications to their interests. 2.___ This
will engage their desire to understand and interact with the
information.
D
●Don't use ten words when one will do.
Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually
get bored. Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier
for people to understand. 3.___ However, they're hearing it for the
first time. Keep it simple.
4.___
If you've ever worked as an instructor, manager, trainer or coach,
you'll know that there are few better ways to learn new information
G
B
than to teach it. Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take
a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others. Allow them
to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication
skills.
●Consider the best method to deliver your message.
If the information you're communicating isn't urgent, consider
sending an email. Written communication will give your audience
more time to review it, think it over, and follow up with questions.
5.___
Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects
are worth the effort.#1.8.2
F
A.Be patient.
B.Get the audience involved.
C.The best messages are often simple.
D.Speak directly to what matters to them.
E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer.
F.It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.
G.As the speaker, you already know what you're going to say.#7
1. ___
C
[解析] 空前提到，沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多；空后
说，如果信息不能被清晰地理解，那么任何形式的沟通都没有价值。
由此可推知，设空处强调的应该是不要试图传达太多内容，而要注重
信息的清晰传达。C项“最好的信息通常是简单的”符合语境，C项中的
“simple”与空前的“do too much”形成对比，与空后的“come across
clearly”呼应。
2. ___
D
[解析] 空前提到，根据听者的兴趣决定沟通内容会让听者更感兴趣，
更愿意参与。D项“直接说对他们来说重要的事情”是对“tailor your
communications to their interests”的进一步说明，且空后的代词“This”
指代设空处内容，空后一句是设空处内容的作用，前后衔接自然。
3. ___
G
[解析] 根据本段小标题“Don't use ten words when one will do.”可知，
本段主要讲的是沟通内容要简洁。空后的“However”提示前后构成转折
关系。后一句说他们（听者）是第一次听，言外之意就是对沟通内容
不熟悉。G项“作为说话者，你已经知道自己要说什么”讲的是说话者对
沟通内容很熟悉，与空后内容形成对比。
4. ___
B
[解析] 设空处为段落小标题，根据小标题句式一致（都是祈使句）原则，
可初步锁定A、B、D三项。本段主要讲的是让听者理解新信息的最好方
法是让他们教授这些信息：发表自己的想法、给他人解释新概念和新政
策、主持讨论和会议。B项“让听者参与进来”最能概括本段内容。
5. ___
F
[解析] 根据本段小标题“Consider the best method to deliver your
message.”可知，本段主要讲的是考虑传达信息的最佳方式。前一句提
到，书面沟通能让读者有更多时间回顾、思考并提出问题，这是书面
沟通的好处。F项“这也会为他们提供一份方便回头查阅的记录”符合语
境，与前一句构成并列关系，说明书面沟通的另一个好处，F项中的
“them”指代“your audience”。
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我
（2025·广东深圳二模）
Many high school seniors approach the college application essay
with anxiety. They feel their lives are too ordinary to create a story
that will impress admissions officers. 1.___ It just needs to be a
genuine reflection of their personal growth, drawn from everyday
moments.
G
I once worked with a boy who had no idea what to write about.
Family Favorite subjects He kept silent until I suggested, “Hobbies ”
He shyly said, “I like boxing.” Then his essay unfolded, not about
boxing itself, but about self-discipline and resilience （坚韧）,
qualities that any college would admire. So look into the things that
shape you. 2.___
Some students try to catch attention by writing their essays in
unconventional forms, such as a poem or a play. Most still follow the
F
traditional storytelling model: a hook （引子）, a story, and a lesson
learned. 3.___ For example, the rough edges and the pleasant smell of
her father's handmade furniture inspired one girl to become an
engineer. The magic is in the details and emotional depth.
As a writing tutor, I was hung up on language rules at first.
Should I help my students stick to “standard English”, or let them
write the way they naturally speak—even if that includes informal
expressions 4.___ It's also about expressing ideas naturally and
E
C
making connections with readers. It doesn't hurt to tell a humorous
childhood incident in a light, conversational tone.
5.___ Essay writing teaches students to express themselves with
precision through rethinking ideas, refining language, and rewriting
drafts. With multiple edits, they will uncover deeper insights and
create a story only they can tell.#1.7
B
A.After all, I preferred a formal writing style.
B.A great essay eventually takes form in revision.
C.I soon realized writing isn't just about language.
D.That's why they try to make up appealing stories.
E.Whatever the form, an essay stands out for its story.
F.Once a topic clicks, the essay practically writes itself.
G.But a powerful essay doesn't require a dramatic story.#7
1. ___
G
[解析] 空前提到高中生因觉得生活平凡，担心写不出打动招生官的故
事而焦虑；空后则指出文章只需真实反映源于日常瞬间的个人成长。G
项通过“But”转折，指出一篇有力的文书并不需要戏剧性的故事，从而
引出下文关于从日常中挖掘内容的阐述，起到过渡作用。
2. ___
F
[解析] 前文提到一个男孩从自己喜欢的拳击中挖掘出关于自律和坚韧
的文书内容，说明应挖掘那些塑造自身的事物。F项“一旦找到合适的
主题，文章几乎就能自然成形”是对该示例的合理总结，上下文逻辑一
致，衔接自然。
3. ___
E
[解析] 空前讨论了文章的不同形式（传统叙事或非常规形式如诗歌、
戏剧等）；空后举了父亲手工制作的家具的细节激发了女孩成为工程
师的志向的例子，强调细节和情感深度的魔力。E项“无论形式如何，
文章因其故事而脱颖而出”既承接了前文对形式的讨论，又引出后文对
故事本身（细节、情感）的强调，起到了承上启下的作用。
4. ___
C
[解析] 空前提到作者纠结是让学生遵循“标准英语”还是让他们自然表
达；空后指出它还关乎自然表达观点和与读者建立联系。C项“我很快
意识到写作不仅仅是关于语言”既回应了前文对语言规则的纠结，又通
过“isn't just about”与后文“also about”形成递进关系，逻辑清晰。
5. ___
B
[解析] 空处位于句首，为段落主旨句。后文强调文书写作通过重新思
考想法、精炼语言和重写草稿来精确表达自我，多次编辑能挖掘更深
见解。B项“一篇优秀的文章最终在修改中成形”与后文“多次修改”的描
述紧密呼应，点明了修改对文章的重要性，统领该段内容。