高考英语二轮复习专题二七选五第一节利用结构课件

(共51张PPT)
考情分析
卷别 设题位置 语篇类型 主题
语境 文章话题
段首 段中 段尾
2025年全国
一卷 0 4 1 记叙文 人与
自我 无名英雄
2025年全国
二卷 2 2 1 说明文 人与
社会 家庭志愿服务
带来的好处
2024年新课
标Ⅰ卷 1 4 0 说明文 人与
自我 使用实体词典
的经验、心得
与乐趣
卷别 设题位置 语篇类型 主题
语境 文章话题
段首 段中 段尾
2024年新课
标Ⅱ卷 1 3 1 说明文 人与
社会 如何应对过度
旅游
2023年新课
标Ⅰ卷 0 4 1 说明文 人与
自我 自我宽恕
2023年新课
标Ⅱ卷 1 3 1 说明文 人与
自我 开始绘画之旅
的好建议
考情
透视 1.高考阅读七选五题型的命题形式是给考生一篇300词左右的短
文，要求考生从7个选项中选出5个合适的选项填回原文空缺
处。根据设空处在文中的位置可分为段首题、段中题和段尾题
三类题型；
2.近三年选文以说明文为主，主题语境涵盖人与自我（约67%）
和人与社会（约33%）；
3.文章结构清晰、过渡自然，设题位置以段中居多，兼顾段首
和段尾，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻
辑意义的理解和掌握；
4.语篇中熟词生义、词性活用以及构词法等现象有所增加。
解题指导
典例 （2025·全国二卷）
Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family
Are you looking for a way to bring your family together
Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones
and adults 36.___ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that
come with helping others, but there are even more unexpected ways
volunteering will positively affect the whole family.
●You'll feel like you have more time.
B
People often feel they are too busy to volunteer. Yet, research
has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes
you feel like you have more of it. 37.___
●You can live longer if you volunteer regularly.
38.___ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who
volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer
than others their age. Volunteers are also more likely to look after
their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity
into their lives.
G
E
●39.___
Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major
positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.
These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a
teen's well-being in the years to come.
●You'll have more time with family.
Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of
working toward a common goal. 40.___ Everyone brings something
unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.
And, there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children
can feel proud of their work.#11
C
F
A.Helping the community lowers rates of depression.
B.Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.
C.Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.
D.Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice.
E.For adults, volunteering can provide significant physical health
benefits.
F.You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know
about before.
G.Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the
most of each day.#18
第一步：选项初识
A项关键词为lowers rates of depression，如选A，空前应该提到helping
the community有好处；B项关键词为the thing you need，B项应该是对
提问家庭共同活动的需求的回答；C项关键词为effect on kids and
teenagers，说明志愿服务对小孩和青少年有影响；D项关键词为
breaking down prejudice，强调了志愿服务在社会层面的积极影响；E
项关键词为adults、 physical health benefits，聚焦志愿服务对成人健康
的益处；F项关键词为kid、talent，由此可推断上文很可能在描述家庭
一起参与志愿服务的情景或者潜在收获，特别是家长观察孩子的角度；
G项关键词为make the most of each day,该选项强调志愿服务带来的
内在动力、赋能感和积极的生活态度。
第二步：结构分析
第三步：设空处位置分析
36题：段中句；37题：段尾句；38题：段首句；39题：段落小标题；
40题：段中句
第四步：解题
36题思路分析：此空出现在开篇两个问句之后，问句关键词为“looking
for”“find”，空处需回答问题并引出主题。选项B中的“the thing you
need”回答问题，同时引出主题“Volunteering as a family”。
37题思路分析：段尾设空常用于总结/升华，应选含情感色彩或价值引
导的语句。选项G使用了两个动词短语“feel capable”和 “make the
most of each day”，呼应“feel like you have more time”的心理感受。
38题思路分析：段首设空常是段落中心句类型，必须信息全面、概括
性强，能够照应标题且引导细节，选项E涵盖“adults”（呼应后文adults）
和“physical health benefits”（照应段落小标题中的“live longer”），符
合语境。
39题思路分析：小标题类设空要找段落主题词，优先选择信息覆盖面
大、能统领全段的选项。选项C对应下文“teenage years”“positive
effects”“aren't just short-term”“in the years to come”，概括全面。
40题思路分析：段中设空常用于补充说明或插入具体例子，注意与前
后句是否形成语义链。空前句提到“unique experience”，空后句再次提
到“something unique”，空处需体现其他成员以前不知道的unique之意。
选项F对此补充说明，符合语境。
第五步：代入选项检验
专题二 七选五
第一节 利用结构
七选五本质上考查学生的行文逻辑能力，因此，要重视培养学生的
语篇结构意识，通过引导学生分析篇章结构与句子间的内在逻辑关系、
理解作者的情感与意图来培养学生分析、评价与创造的高阶思维能力。
类型一 利用句式结构
例 （2024·九省联考·片段）
Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone
can do it. However, many make a number of common mistakes,
which can interfere（妨碍） with training or lead to injury. ___, keep
these things in mind to help you increase your chances of running
success.
...
A.Not taking rest days
B.If you're just starting out
C.Comparing yourself to others
D.Running can be uncomfortable at times
E.It's important not to use the same muscles
F.While it may be true that you don't need expensive equipment to
take up running
G.Experts suggest increasing your running distance by no more than
10% each week#7
√
思路点拨
第一步：设空处后为“，”且“，”后为完整句子，由此判断设空处为
从句或其他非完整的句子，锁定选项A、B、C、F；
第二步：本段为文章首段，设空处所在句位于段尾，为文章主旨
句，结合语境和常识可推断出正确答案。
练 （2025·八省联考·片段）
●How do I join the Friends
Becoming a Friend is easy. ___, return it with your annual
membership fee in the attached envelope, and begin enjoying your
benefits immediately. If you prefer, you may join online at
artmuseum.edu/support/become-a-member, or when you visit the
Museum Store.
A.Why does membership matter
B.How can I learn about the Friends
C.Simply complete the membership form
D.You can then see the full range of Friends benefits
E.Friends membership is your entry to many opportunities
F.Friends receive a subscription to the Museum's quarterly magazine
G.Friends are people of all ages, interests, abilities, and cultural
backgrounds#7
√
[解析] 分析空后“return it with your annual membership fee in the
attached envelope, and begin enjoying your benefits immediately”的句
式结构可知，and连接两个祈使句，再结合空后的“,”可推断设空处也应
为祈使句，与空后的两个祈使句并列，选项中只有C项为祈使句，三个
连续动作解释加入Friends的步骤，同时空后的“it”指代C项中的“the
membership form”。
类型二 利用设空位置
句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。
命题人采用段首、段中和段尾三种设空方式，
正是利用设空位置的暗示作用和上下文的提
示作用来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。
例 （2024·全国甲卷·片段）
Take your time...
Eat with others whenever possible...
Control emotional（情绪的） eating...
___ A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism（新陈代谢）,
while eating small, healthy meals keeps your energy up all day. Avoid
eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14-16 hours
until breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only
when you're most active and giving your digestive system a long
break each day may help to regulate weight.
A.Eat properly throughout the day.
B.We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C.Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D.Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E.Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F.For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.
G.That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.#7
√
思路点拨
第一步：设空处位于段首，概括全段内容；
第二步：观察文章结构，缩小选择范围，其他段落主旨句均为祈
使句，故锁定选项A、C；
第三步：根据下文内容可知，本段建议在一天中的每个时间段都
要健康饮食,从而推断正确答案。
练1 （2025·河南TOP20名校大联考·片段）
Write in a journal every day. Keeping a regular journal can help
you get in touch with yourself and how you really feel about things.
___ Set aside 20 minutes each day to write in your journal. It's better
to write in a physical journal as opposed to using your computer. Go
to a bookstore and get yourself a nice journal that you feel excited to
write in. You might also get yourself a nice pen!
A.Learn to live in the moment.
B.Avoid distractions through mediation.#2
C.It can also help you solve problems and relax.
D.As annoying thoughts come into your mind, don't engage with
them.
E.By making use of some strategies, you can keep yourself feeling
refreshed.
F.Using a physical journal is more effective, but any journal is better
than nothing.
G.It's important to set aside time to do something that doesn't involve
looking at a screen.#7
√
[解析] 设空位置位于句中，空前“Keeping a regular journal can help
you get in touch with yourself and how you really feel about things.”
提到坚持写日记的好处，C项“它还可以帮助你解决问题和放松”进一步
说明坚持写日记的好处，符合语境。C项中的“It”指代空前的“Keeping
a regular journal”，“also”一词承接上文。
练2 （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷·片段）
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a
reason: they're special. With so many online posts featuring the same
places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out. Go somewhere only
when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. ___
A.Visit during off-peak times.
B.So, should we stop traveling
C.Travel for you and no one else.#3
C
D.Can overtourism be avoided then
E.You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F.You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G.Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting.#7
[解析] 本段主旨句为首句“谨慎选择”，设空处上文“只有当风景、文化
或食物深深吸引你时，你再去某个地方”表明不要跟风旅游，设空处为
段尾总结句，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时
的感受，忠于自己的感受，符合语境。
强化训练
A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（经典高考）
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it's
not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
1.___, if you're out of your comfort zone or if you're wandering
into somebody's house for the first time. So the main thing is just to
show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to
strangers.
B
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the
conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a
living ”, you'll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out
of whomever it is you're talking to. 2.___, it can bring in “I have
this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy
people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up
conversation.
C
3.___ If you can't take their wine away, you should certainly try
to take away their soapbox （讲台）. If you're the host, you can ask
them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them
from the situation. 4.___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence If
you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing
that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a
compliment （赞扬）. 5.___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This
cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard.#1.8
F
E
G
A.How do you know the host
B.The first step is to go exploring
C.If you ask the question “How did you get here ”
D.Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E.Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F.What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't
stop talking
G.He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that
awkwardness the most#7
1. ___
B
[解析] 上文讲述在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难，下文讲述最主要的
事情就是去尝试和冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交谈，这些都是
在晚宴上让自己变得有趣的方法，也是探索（explore）的方法，B项
“第一步是去探索”承上启下，符合题意。
2. ___
C
[解析] 设空处后为“，+完整句子”，故推断此处为从句，锁定C选项。
根据下文“old, broken-down vehicle”“I rode the bus”可知，设空处应提
问交通方式。C项为条件状语从句且提出问题“How did you get here ”，
引出下文，符合题意。
3. ___
F
[解析] 设空处后为“？”，故锁定选项A、F。下文“如果你不能拿走他们
的酒，你当然应该试图让他们离开讲话的地方”说明要采取方法，拿走
他们的酒或者让他们离开讲话的地方，F项“如何应对喝太多酒或一直
说个不停的人呢”提出问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。
4. ___
E
[解析] 本段首句提出问题“如何应对喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人呢”，
下文是这个问题的解决办法，设空处前“如果你是主人，你可以让他们
到厨房帮你做点什么，只是为了让他们从那种情景中离开”是其中一种
办法，E项“或者把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题”提出另一种解决办
法，承接上文，符合题意。
5. ___
G
[解析] 本段要解决的问题是“尴尬的沉默”，空前提出唯一的解决办法
是“give the host a compliment”，下文“这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我
它是怎么做的”说明对主人进行赞美的具体做法，G项中“He or she”指
代上文中的主人，“awkwardness”对应上文中的“awkward silence”，该
选项承上启下，符合题意。
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我
（2025·河北省NT20名校联合体联考）
Procrastination is delaying tasks, even when we know we
shouldn't. We say, “I'll do it later,” but later turns into much later—or
never. It's not laziness; it's avoiding stress or discomfort. But those
tasks don't go away—they stay and add to our worries. While
procrastination is a persistent problem, actionable strategies can help
you break the cycle over time.
Limit distractions（分心的事）
Do you have any distractions which hold you back from doing
your tasks Find them and try to avoid or reduce them. For example,
if you are distracted by your mobile often, turn off the notifications.
1.___. You can also use music to focus on your tasks. Music has the
power to keep you out of those distracting noises.
E
Apply the 2-minute rule
The 2-minute rule is a simple way to beat procrastination. If a
task takes less than two minutes, just do it right away instead of
putting it off. Need to wash a dish Do it now. Need to make the
bed Do it now. 2.___.
Find an accountability partner
Sometimes, we might need help from other people. 3.___. Just
ask a friend, a family member, or a professional to help keep you on
G
A
track. Having someone to support and encourage you can make a big
difference in your life. They can remind you to stay focused and even
share helpful tips to get things done.
Celebrate small achievements
Another strategy is celebrating your winning moments. Your
achievements might be small. 4.___. It will help you keep going, and
you will not feel like procrastinating.
5.___
Break big tasks into smaller ones. This helps you set goals you
can achieve. Tackle one small task at a time to avoid feeling
overwhelmed（不知所措的） by big projects.#1.7.3
F
C
A.That's not wrong
B.Achieve bigger goals
C.Simplify the task at hand
D.You have few people to turn to
E.Thus, you can create a dedicated workspace
F.But make sure you reward yourself for them
G.This method helps stop small tasks from building up
1. ___
E
[解析] 设空处位于段中，解题时需考虑上下文的逻辑关系。前文提到
如果你经常被手机分心，那就关掉通知，由此推测空处应提到这么做
的结果。E项“这样，你可以创建一个专注的工作场所”承接前文，同时
与后文提到的用音乐帮助自己专注于任务意思连贯。
2. ___
G
[解析] 根据段落小标题可知该段介绍的是“2分钟法则”,即如果任务少于
两分钟就立刻去做。空前面举了洗碗和整理床铺的例子，空处位于段
尾，应阐述该规则能带来的好处。G项“这种方法有助于防止小任务积
压”与前文内容紧密相关，其中“This method”指代“2-minute rule”。
3. ___
A
[解析] 本段主旨是“找到一个监督伙伴”,空前提到有时我们可能需要他
人的帮助，空后提到了求助对象以及具体做法，A项 “这没有错”承接
上文,承认并肯定这种需要他人帮助的情况，同时引出下文在他人帮助
下克服拖延症的具体做法。
4. ___
F
[解析] 本段主旨是“庆祝小成就”。空前提到你的成就或许并不显著，
空后提到这能够帮助你继续前进，避免拖延，由此推断空处与空前内
容形成转折关系，同时指出下文“It”指代的内容。F项“但一定要为完成
这些任务而给予自己奖励”符合语境，强调尽管成就小，但也要奖励自
己，这种奖励能够帮助人们继续前进，避免拖延，符合段落主旨。其
中“them”指代前文的“small achievements”,“reward yourself”和
“celebrating”意思相近，下文的“It”指代F项。
5. ___
C
[解析] 空处为该段的小标题。观察其他段落小标题句式可知，空处应
为祈使句，可将答案锁定在B、C两项。通读本段内容可知，本段主要
讲把大任务分解成小任务，这样能帮助设定可实现的目标。C项“简化
当前的任务”符合本段主旨。