高考英语二轮复习专题四语法填空第二节有提示词类——名词、形容词、副词和代词课件

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专题四 语法填空
第二节 有提示词类——名词、形容词、副词和代词
考点一 名词
常见考点 构成方法或考法 例子
名词复数 ①一般情况下，在词尾直接加-s
②以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾的名词，词尾加
-es
③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，变y为i，
再加-es
④以“辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，多数情况
下在词尾加-es;以“元音字母+o”结尾的名
词，一般在词尾直接加-s month→months；
bus→buses；
hobby→hobbies；
hero→heroes
常见考点 构成方法或考法 例子
名词复数 ⑤以-f、-fe结尾的名词，大多数把f或fe改
为v，再加-es
⑥不规则变化 radio→radios；
knife→knives；
child→children
名词所
有格 ①单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常
在词尾加-'s
②以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，直接在其
后加-' person→person's；
boys→boys'
常见考点 构成方法或考法 例子
词性转换 形容词→名词
动词→名词 dangerous→danger；
explore→exploration
例1 （2025·全国二卷）
The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live,
thanks to the ________（absent） of smog and plenty of blue sky
___________（afternoon） with lots of fresh air.
absence
afternoons
思路点拨
第一步：定词性。根据第一空前的定冠词the和该空后的“of+名词”
结构可知，第一空需用名词；根据and可知，第二空与第一空并列作
thanks to的宾语，需用名词。
第二步：定单复数。absent的名词形式absence意为“缺席，不在”时
既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，结合语境可知此处用不可数名词
或单数名词；afternoon既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，根据空前的
plenty of和语境可知，空处需用复数形式，表示许多个下午。
例2 （经典高考）
“He saved my ______（son） life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don't
know how to thank him.”
son's
思路点拨
分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的名词life，且son没有对应的形
容词形式，应用其所有格形式。
练
1. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and
both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are
common ________（theme） in their works, said Paul Edmondson,
head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.
themes
[解析] 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，此处是there be句型，空处
作主语。结合空前的are可知，空处需用名词的复数形式，故填themes。
2. （2025·八省联考）The goal was twofold: to celebrate cultural
diversity as well as to promote the equal use of all six ________
（tongue）.
tongues
[解析] 考查名词复数。tongue是可数名词，意为“语言”，根据空前的数
词six可知，空处需用名词的复数形式，故填tongues。
3. （2025·八省联考）As more and more foreigners start to study the
Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have
a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working
people, its development through ___________（innovate）, and its
inclusiveness.
innovation
[解析] 考查名词。根据空前的介词through可知，空处需用名词作宾语。
故填innovation。
4. （2025·湖北黄冈中学二模）Seals, like a _________（person）
character, are distinctive from each other.
person's
[解析] 考查名词所有格。根据空前的冠词a和空后的名词character可知，
空处修饰空后的名词character，结合句意“海豹就像一个人的性格一样，
彼此之间也是不一样的”可知，person与character之间为所属关系，应用
名词所有格。故填person's。
5. （2025·湖北武汉外国语学校等校联考）The robot's ability to ride a
bicycle and use a balance board, far surpasses the motion __________
（flexible） of its competitors.
flexibility
[解析] 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作surpasses的宾语，空后
的of its competitors修饰空处，因此，空处需用名词。故填flexibility。
考点二 形容词和副词
常见考点 变化规则或考法 例子
变形容词 名词/动词→形容词 benefit→beneficial；
influence→influential
形容词变
副词 ①一般情况加-ly
②以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单
词，变y为i，再加-ly
③以-le结尾的单词，常去e后
加y entire→entirely；
especial→especially；
angry→angrily；
heavy→heavily；
常见考点 变化规则或考法 例子
形容词变
副词 ④以“元音字母+e”结尾的单
词，去掉e，再加-ly
⑤以-ic结尾的单词加-ally
（public除外）
⑥特殊变化 comfortable→comfortably；
true→truly；due→duly；
basic→basically；
dramatic→dramatically；
whole→wholly;good→well
常见考点 变化规则或考法 例子
形容词和
副词的比
较等级 ①一般的单音节词直接加-
er/-est
②以不发音的-e结尾的单音
节词和少数以-le结尾的双音
节词只加-r/-st
③以一个辅音字母结尾的重
读闭音节词，双写结尾的辅
音字母，再加-er/-est great→greater/greatest；
large→larger/largest；
able（有才能的）
→abler/ablest；
hot→hotter/hottest；
thin→thinner/thinnest；
常见考点 变化规则或考法 例子
形容词和
副词的比
较等级 ④以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双
音节词，变y为i，再加-er/-
est busy→busier/busiest;pretty→
prettier/prettiest；
clever→cleverer/cleverest;
narrow→narrower/narrowest；
常见考点 变化规则或考法 例子
形容词和
副词的比
较等级 ⑤少数以-er/-ow结尾的双音
节词词尾加-er/-est，其他双
音节词和所有的多音节词，
在前面加more/most构成比较
级和最高级
⑥不规则变化 bravely→more bravely/most
bravely；
little→less/least；
far→farther（further）
/farthest（furthest）
例1 （2025·全国二卷）
Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my
Chinese husband and his family, where bamboo and tea bushes
（灌木） grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range,
and ________（center） heating doesn't exist.
central
思路点拨
分析句子结构可知，句中where引导定语从句，从句中and连接三
个并列分句，空处和空后的名词heating一同作and后分句的主语；空处
作定语修饰heating，需用形容词形式。
例2 （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）
So, what are they learning _________（basic）, how to describe
a panda's life. It's been an honor to watch the panda programme
develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
Basically
思路点拨
分析句子结构可知，空处与其后内容被逗号隔开，形成了副词修饰
整个句子的情况；另外，空处位于句首，还需注意首字母大写的问题。
例3 （经典高考）
The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the
temperature gets, the _______（hot） the spring!
hotter
思路点拨
本句是一个主从复合句，从句使用了“the+比较级...，the+比较
级...”结构。
练
1. （2023·新课标Ⅱ卷）Since June 2017, right before the arrival of
the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping
the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and
__________（confidence） speaking English.
confident
[解析] 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处和空前的comfortable并
列，同作feel的表语，因此，空处需用形容词。故填confident。
2. （经典高考）In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34
countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of
Kilimanjaro, Africa's ________（high） mountain.
highest
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。结合常识可知，乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高
峰，空处需用形容词最高级。故填highest。
3. （2025·湖南长沙一中二模）For example, to emphasize the
significance of imperial authority, the royal palace was placed in the
central position while other key structures were _________（skillful）
arranged.
skillfully
[解析] 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词arranged，
需用副词作状语。故填skillfully。
4. （2025·广东深圳联考）The success of the ballet（芭蕾舞剧） Guo
Nian underlines the increasing international recognition of Chinese
cultural traditions, paving the way for even ________（great） cultural
exchange.
greater
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的名词
短语cultural exchange，再结合空前的标志词even可知，空处需用形容
词比较级。故填greater。
5. （2025·江苏扬州调研）The farm also provides ___________
（interact） experiences, such as crafting coffee soap and making
coffee bean beads, inviting guests to explore diverse aspects of coffee
culture.
interactive
[解析] 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的名词
experiences，需用形容词作定语。故填interactive。
考点三 代词
类型 功能 例句
人
称
代
词 主
格 I, you, he, she,
it；
we, you, they 作主语 You are supposed to take
water bottles and notebooks.
你应该带着水瓶和笔记本。
宾
格 me, you, him, her,
it；
us, you, them 作宾语、
表语 I have told him the exciting
news.我已经告诉了他这个激
动人心的消息。
类型 功能 例句
反身代词 myself, yourself,
himself, herself,
itself；ourselves,
yourselves,
themselves 作宾语、
表语、同
位语 God helps those who help
themselves.天助自助者。
I myself am in favor of the
plan.我本人赞成这个计划。
类型 功能 例句
物主
代词 形容词性
物主代词 my, your, his,
her, its；
our, your, their 作定语 It's my duty to take
good care of the dog.
好好照顾这只狗是我的
职责。
名词性物
主代词 mine, yours, his,
hers, its；ours,
yours, theirs 作主语、
宾语、
表语 The book on the desk
is mine.桌子上的书是
我的。
类型 功能 例句
其
他
代
词 one,
ones,
those 用来指代或标
记人或事物 Airlines and producers said the new
planes would be more fuel-efficient than
the ones they replaced.航空公司和生产商
表示，新飞机将比被替换的飞机更省油。
例1 （2025·全国二卷）
But it's amazing how you can adapt and learn in a new
environment. Over time, I've found _______（I） feeling extremely at
home here.
myself
思路点拨
分析句子结构可知，空处跟在动词found后面，作宾语，且动作的
实施者和承受者相同，因此，空处需用反身代词。
例2 （经典高考）
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled （揭幕）
at the ceremony, opening ____（it） first exhibition: The Avenue of
Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.
its
思路点拨
分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰空后的名词exhibition，需用
形容词性物主代词。
练
1. （2024·浙江1月卷）Who knows, perhaps some of the more
forward-looking ______（one） may yet come out with a whole range
of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
ones
[解析] 考查代词。one在此处作代词，根据空前的some of可知，空处
需用代词的复数形式。故填ones。
2. （经典高考）As the song goes, this long and winding road “will
never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It
sure does in ______（I）.
mine
[解析] 考查代词。句意：正如歌中所唱，这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远
不会消失”，它将永远留在游客的记忆中。它当然留在了我的记忆中。
空处跟在介词in后面，作宾语；结合句意可知空处的意思是“我的记忆”，
指代my memory，需用名词性物主代词。故填mine。
3. （2025·山东省实验中学等校联考）“The women of Xunpu
deliberately decorated ___________（they） with flower headpieces
not only for beauty, but also as a symbol of happiness,” said a native.
themselves
[解析] 考查代词。分析句子成分可知，空处跟在动词decorated后面作
宾语，该句主语The women of Xunpu和宾语一致，因此，空处需用反
身代词。故填themselves。
4. （2025·河北唐山二模）After finishing school, Liu Jiakun thought
about quitting architecture completely, but an inspiring exhibition by a
former classmate put _____（he） on a path to changing modern
Chinese architecture.
him
[解析] 考查代词。分析句子成分可知，空处跟在动词put后面作宾语，
表示“他”，需用代词宾格。故填him。
5. （2025·河南省实验中学四模）Once the medical elements within
incense are breathed in, they soon find ______（they） way into the
bloodstream.
their
[解析] 考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰空后的名词
way，需用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
强化训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. （2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Those cultural elements have increased
Stratford's international _________（visible）, said Edmondson, adding
that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed
to find the connection between the two great writers.
visibility
[解析] 考查名词。根据空前的动词increased和形容词international可知，
空处需用名词作宾语。故填visibility。
2. （2023·全国甲卷） _________（difference） from traditional fables,
Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns
of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that
people must take responsibility for saving their environment.
Different
[解析] 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词短语be
different from作状语，需去掉be动词；空处位于句首，首字母需大写。
故填Different。
3. （2023·全国乙卷）The ____________（remark） development of
this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while
stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new
to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next
50 years.
remarkable
[解析] 考查形容词。根据空前的定冠词The和空后的名词development
可知，空处需用形容词作定语。故填remarkable。
4. （2023·浙江1月卷）The term “hutong”, __________（original）
meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan
Dynasty.
originally
[解析] 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后的动词meaning，
需用副词作状语。故填originally。
5. （2025·河南郑州一中等校联考）Genuine interest can be a powerful
motivator in ______（it）.
itself
[解析] 考查代词。分析句子成分可知，空处跟在in后面作宾语，结合
句意“真正的兴趣本身就是强大的动力”可知，空处需用反身代词。故
填itself。
6. （2025·河北衡水二中二模）Thanks to China's Belt and Road
initiative, new trade routes are bringing fresh _____________
（opportunity） to Lyon.
opportunities
[解析] 考查名词复数。分析句子成分可知，空处跟在形容词fresh之后，
需用名词，空前无限定词，需用复数形式。故填opportunities。
7. （2025·山东临沂二模）Learning to play Pipa not only develops
musical skills but also provides a _______（deep） appreciation of
Chinese history and tradition.
deeper
[解析] 考查形容词比较级。分析句子成分可知，空处修饰空后的名词
appreciation，需用形容词；根据句意“学习弹琵琶不仅能培养音乐技能，
还能对中国历史和传统有更加深入的了解”可知，此处含有比较的意义，
需用比较级。故填deeper。
8. （2025·湖南长沙一中二模）Stretching 7.8 kilometers north-south
through the heart of Beijing, the Axis consists of 15 components, with
the Bell and Drum Towers at ____（it） northern end and the
Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end.
its
[解析] 考查代词。分析句子成分可知，空处修饰空后的名词短语
northern end，需用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
9. （2025·辽宁省实验中学四模）One of the _____________（famous）
Maya pyramids is the Pyramid of Kukulcán located in Chichén Itzá,
Mexico.
most famous
[解析] 考查形容词最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处为固定表达“one
of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”，意为“最……的……之一”。故填
most famous。
10. （2025·黑龙江哈尔滨二模）The unique shops in Shuifang Street,
some of which are not ______（full） operational, can serve as ideal
settings for TV series.
fully
[解析] 考查副词。分析句子成分可知，空处修饰空后的形容词
operational，需用副词作状语。故填fully。
11. （2025·山东菏泽一模）The robots learned dance moves through
AI to move safely on the uneven stage. Their strong joints helped to
balance ______（they） perfectly during fast steps.
them
[解析] 考查代词。分析句子成分可知，空处作动词balance的宾语，需
用代词宾格。故填them。
易错分析 本题易错填themselves。本句的主语是Their strong joints，而
空处指的应该是The robots，主语和宾语并不一致，故空处不能用反身
代词。
12. （2025·江苏常州高级中学二模）I was heading toward one of the
_______（area） two excellent CD record stores, when a display in a
shop window caught my eye.
area's
[解析] 考查名词所有格。分析句子成分可知，空处修饰空后的名词短
语CD record stores，表示所属关系，需用名词所有格。故填area's。
Ⅱ.语篇练习
Passage 1
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the
National Trust's Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named
Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk
Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 1.____________（engineer） techniques are applied to
create this protective 2.__________（function） structure that is also
beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals（萼片）” made of
glass and aluminium（铝）. These sepals open on warm days
3.________（give） the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold
weather, the structure stays 4._______（close） to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5._______
（walk） visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk
engineering
functional
to give
closed
walks
Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain
for 6.____ first time. These plants included modern Western
7.__________（favourite） such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The
garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the
twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant
species for visitors to see, too.
The Glasshouse stands 8.____ a great achievement in
contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of
the
favourites
as
China at the end of a path retracing（追溯） the steps along the Silk
Route 9.___________ brought the plants from their native habitat in
Asia to come to define much of the 10._________（rich） of
gardening in England.#1.1.4
which/that
richness
1. ____________
engineering
[解析] 考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用于创造这种保护性功能
结构，这种结构也很漂亮。空处修饰名词techniques，表示“工程技术”，
应使用名词形式，意为“工程，工程学”。故填engineering。
2. __________
functional
[解析] 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词structure，应用
形容词作定语。故填functional。
3. ________
to give
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里打开，向里
面的植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。结合句意可知空处作目的状语，应用
动词不定式。故填to give。
4. _______
closed
[解析] 考查形容词。空处跟在系动词stays之后作表语，表示“关闭的”，
应用形容词形式。故填closed。
5. _______
walks
[解析] 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作主句
的谓语，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，且此处描述的是客观事实，
应用一般现在时。故填walks。
6. ____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。此处为固定搭配for the first time，意为“第一次”。
故填the。
7. __________
favourites
[解析] 考查名词复数。favourite是可数名词，在此处意为“特别受喜爱
的东西”，根据空后的“such as rosemary, lavender and fennel”可知，空
处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites。
8. ____
as
[解析] 考查介词。句意：“玻璃温室”作为当代设计的一项伟大成就而
伫立，容纳了来自中国西南部的植物，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头。
丝绸之路将这些植物从它们在亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，从而在
很大程度上定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。结合句意可知空处表示“作
为”，应用介词as。
9. ___________
which/that
[解析] 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，
指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which或that。
10. _________
richness
[解析] 考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the和空后的of gardening可知，空
处应用名词形式。故填richness。
Passage 2
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·吉林长春质检）
With a pair of scissors, a couple of rubber bands and ribbons,
Liang Qinzhang can turn twigs （细枝）, branches and flowers into
pieces of art.
The man in his 60s demonstrated traditional flower arrangement
to gardening 1.___________（enthusiast） in Beijing during the Spring
Festival in late January, 2023. “As Chinese tradition goes, I use
enthusiasts
magnolias （木兰）, 2._______blossoms bring good fortune, to show
harmony and happiness,” Liang explained. “Since ancient times,
different materials 3.__________________（apply） to create a grand
effect for special occasions.” At the end of the session, Liang hung
festive items on the plants 4.____________（highlight） the holiday
atmosphere and suggested his audience do the same.
Liang held the demonstration in 5.____ belief that it should be
easy for the traditional art, 6.________（name） a national intangible
（非物质的） cultural heritage in 2008, to be enjoyed by more
whose
have been applied
to highlight
the
named
people. “It places more focus 7.____ the expression of moods and the
personalized meaning of the materials used,” he said.
“Chinese flower arrangement is influenced by traditional Chinese
culture and tends to be about 8.________（nature） beauty, rather
than artificial creation,” Liang said. “Therefore, we need to go out
more often to observe plants and 9.________（far） understand the
ecological habits of the flowering branches, through which we can
know how to better arrange 10.______（they）.”#1.1.4
on
natural
further
them
1. ___________
enthusiasts
[解析] 考查名词复数。enthusiast（爱好者）是可数名词，空前无限定
词，需用复数形式表泛指。故填enthusiasts。
2. _______
whose
[解析] 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从
句，先行词是magnolias，指物，关系词在从句中作定语，故填whose。
3. __________________
have been applied
[解析] 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处
在句中作谓语。根据时间状语Since ancient times可知，时态应用现在
完成时；主语materials与apply之间为被动关系，用被动语态，且主语
是复数，故填have been applied。
4. ____________
to highlight
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。句意：在活动结束时，梁将节日物品挂在植
物上，以突出节日气氛……。结合句意可知，空处作目的状语，应用
不定式。故填to highlight。
5. ____
the
[解析] 考查冠词。in the belief that...为固定表达，意为“相信”。故填
the。
6. ________
named
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。that引导的同位语从句的谓语为should be，空
处为非谓语动词，the traditional art与name（选中）之间为被动关系，
应用过去分词作后置定语。故填named。
7. ____
on
[解析] 考查介词。此处考查固定表达focus on，意为“对……的关注”。
故填on。
8. ________
natural
[解析] 考查形容词。空处修饰名词beauty，需用形容词作定语。故填
natural。
9. ________
further
[解析] 考查副词的比较级。本空修饰understand，用副词，结合句意
“因此，我们需要更频繁地外出观察植物，进一步了解开花枝条的生态
习性……”可知，空处需用比较级，表示“进一步地”，故填further。
10. ______
them
[解析] 考查代词。空处作arrange的宾语，需用代词宾格。故填them。