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Unit 1 People at work(知识清单)
英语外研版 四年级下册
01 单元速记
重点词汇
类别 单词/短语 音标 词性 中文释义 记忆方法
核心职业类 doctor / d kt (r)/ n. 医生,大夫 拆分记忆:doc + tor;短语:see a doctor(看医生);复数:doctors
farmer / fɑ m (r)/ n. 农民 关联记忆:farm(农场)+ -er(表人)= 农场工作的人;复数:farmers
fireman / fa m n/ n. 消防队员 同义:firefighter;拆分:fire(火)+ man(人);复数:firemen
cook /k k/ n./v. 厨师,炊事员;烹饪,煮 名词短语:a cook(一名厨师);动词用法:cook food(做饭);复数:cooks
police officer /p li s f s (r)/ n. 警察,警官 正式称呼,适用于男女;复数:police officers;关联:police station(警察局)
scientist / sa nt st/ n. 科学家 拆分:science(科学)+ -ist(表人);第一个i发/a /,第二个i发/ /;复数:scientists
painter / pe nt (r)/ n. 画家 关联:paint(画画)+ -er(表人);ai发/e /;复数:painters
writer / ra t (r)/ n. 作家 关联:write(写)+ -er(表人);复数:writers
worker / w k (r)/ n. 技术工人 关联:work(工作)+ -er(表人);or发/ /;复数:workers
driver / dra v (r)/ n. 司机,驾驶员 关联:drive(驾驶)+ -er(表人);复数:drivers
nurse /n s/ n. 护士 ur发/ /;对应词:doctor(医生);复数:nurses
postman / p stm n/ n. 邮递员 拆分:post(邮递)+ man(人);复数:postmen;对应词:postwoman(女邮递员)
家庭成员类 father / fɑ (r)/ n. 父亲,爸爸 同义:dad/daddy;对应词:mother(妈妈);短语:Father's Day(父亲节)
aunt /ɑ nt/ n. 姑母,姨母 昵称:auntie/aunty;后接人名首字母大写(Aunt Mary);复数:aunts
uncle / kl/ n. 叔叔,伯伯 对应词:aunt(姑母);后接人名首字母大写(Uncle Tom);复数:uncles
其他核心名词 station / ste n/ n. 所;站;台;局 短语:police station(警察局)、train station(火车站);复数:stations
fire / fa (r)/ n. 火 不可数名词;短语:on fire(着火)、fire station(消防站)
restaurant / restr nt/ n. 饭店,餐馆 短语:a Chinese restaurant(一家中餐厅);复数:restaurants
field /fi ld/ n. 田地,田野 短语:in the fields(在田地里);复数:fields;拓展:运动场
brush /br / n./v. 刷子;画笔;(用刷子)刷净 名词复数:brushes;动词用法:brush teeth(刷牙)
night /na t/ n. 夜间,夜晚 对应词:day(白天);短语:at night(在夜晚)、night owl(夜猫子)
owl /a l/ n. 猫头鹰 以元音音素开头,前用an(an owl);复数:owls
taxi / t ksi/ n. 出租车,计程车 同义:cab;短语:taxi driver(出租车司机)、take a taxi(乘出租车)
letter / let (r)/ n. 信,函;字母 短语:write a letter(写信);复数:letters
mountain / ma nt n/ n. 高山 ou发/a /;短语:in the mountain(在山里);复数:mountains
bee /bi / n. 蜜蜂 短语:a busy bee(一只忙碌的蜜蜂);复数:bees
动词类 use /ju z/ v. 用,使用 第三人称单数:uses;短语:use a brush(用刷子)、use again(再次使用)
bake /be k/ v. 烘,烤,焙 短语:bake cakes(烤蛋糕);衍生词:baker(面包师)
bring /br / v. 带来;拿来 第三人称单数:brings;固定搭配:bring sb sth = bring sth to sb(给某人带某物)
brighten / bra tn/ v. 使更明亮 衍生词:bright(明亮的);短语:brighten the night(照亮夜晚)
形容词类 safe /se f/ adj. 安全的,没有危险的 反义词:dangerous(危险的);短语:keep safe(保持安全)
poor /p (r)/ adj. 贫穷的;可怜的 反义词:rich(富有的);短语:a poor family(一个贫穷的家庭)
重点短语 see a doctor 看医生 I have a cold. I need to see a doctor.(我感冒了,我需要看医生)
work in the fields 在田地里工作 Farmers work hard in the fields every day.(农民每天在田地里辛勤劳作)
at night 在夜晚 Many people like to read books at night.(很多人喜欢在夜晚看书)
night owl 夜猫子,喜欢熬夜的人 My brother is a night owl. He often stays up late.(我弟弟是个夜猫子,他经常熬夜)
police station 警察局,派出所 The police officer works in a police station.(这位警官在警察局工作)
fire station 消防站 Firemen are always ready to go out from the fire station.(消防员随时准备从消防站出发)
take a taxi 乘出租车 We can take a taxi to the airport.(我们可以乘出租车去机场)
keep safe 保持安全 Police officers help keep the city safe.(警察帮助维护城市安全)
write a letter 写信 She writes a letter to her grandma every month.(她每个月给奶奶写一封信)
work hard 努力工作 My father works hard to support our family.(我爸爸努力工作养家)
day after day 日复一日 He practices English day after day.(他日复一日地练习英语)
典型句型
句型结构 中文含义 教材例句 拓展例句
-What does + 主语(第三人称单数)+ do -He/She is a/an + 职业名称. 他/她是做什么的? 他/她是一名……。 -What does Lingling's father do -He's a scientist. -What does your uncle do -He's a driver.
-Is + 主语(第三人称单数)+ a/an + 职业名称 -Yes, he/she is./No, he/she isn't. 他/她是一名……吗? 是的,他/她是。/不,他/她不是。 -Is he a painter -No, he isn't. -Is your mother a nurse -Yes, she is.
主语(第三人称单数)+ (often/sometimes+) 动词第三人称单数形式 (+ 其他). 他/她(经常/有时)做……。 He often works in the fields.(他经常在田地里工作) She sometimes bakes cakes for us.(她有时给我们烤蛋糕)
I want to be a/an + 职业名称 + and work in + 地点. 我想要成为一名……,在……工作。 I want to be a teacher and work in a school. I want to be a fireman and work in a fire station.
How + 形容词 + 职业名称!(感叹句) ……的职业真……呀! How cool the fireman is!(消防员真酷呀!) How great the scientist is!(科学家真伟大呀!)
语言目标
目标序号 具体内容
1 能说出常见职业词汇(doctor、farmer、scientist等)及相关场所、动作词汇
2 能运用核心句型询问和确认他人职业(What does he do 、Is she a nurse )
3 能描述他人的日常工作(He often works in the fields.)
4 掌握字母组合a_e发/e /音的发音规则,能识别并朗读相关单词(bake、cake等)
5 树立正确的职业价值观,尊重每一份职业,理解不同职业对社会的贡献
02 考点速记
考点1 询问他人职业的句型(核心考点)
【详解】单元重点句型,用于询问第三人称单数(he/she/单个人名)的职业:
句型结构:What does + 第三人称单数主语 + do
答语结构:He/She is a/an + 职业名称.(职业名称以元音音素开头用an,辅音音素开头用a)
注意:助动词用does,后面实义动词do用原形。
【典例】
—What does your father ______ (do/does) —He's a cook.(选词填空)
—What does Amy's mother do —______ (She/He) is a nurse.(选词填空)
单项选择:—What ______ your uncle do —He's a police officer.( )
A. is B. does C. do
He is a scientist.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ he do
补全对话:—What does Lingling's father do —______ ______ a scientist.
考点2 动词第三人称单数形式(重点考点)
【详解】描述第三人称单数(he/she/it/单个人名/单数名词)的日常工作时,谓语动词需变第三人称单数,核心变化规则:
一般情况:直接加-s(work→works、play→plays);
以s、x、ch、sh结尾:加-es(wash→washes、watch→watches);
以“辅音字母+y”结尾:变y为i加-es(fly→flies);
特殊变化:have→has、go→goes、do→does。
【典例】
My father ______ (work) in a factory. He's a worker.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
She ______ (have) a new job. She's a teacher now.(用所给词的适当形式填空)
单项选择:Tom's mother ______ cakes every weekend.( )
A. bake B. bakes C. baking
He often washes his hands before meals.(改为否定句)
He ______ often ______ his hands before meals.
改错:She go to work by bus every day.(找出错误并改正)
考点3 字母组合a_e发/e /音的发音规则
【详解】字母组合a_e的发音为双元音/e /,发音要领:由/e/音滑向/ /音,前重后轻,口形由大到小,舌位随之抬高;
单元例词:bake(烘,烤)、cake(蛋糕)、make(制作)、Jake(杰克)、place(地方)。
【典例】
找出画线部分发音不同的一项( )
A. bake B. cake C. cat D. make
写出三个字母组合a_e发/e /音的单词:、、______
判断发音是否相同(相同写S,不同写D):① cake 和 make( ) ② bake 和 cat( )
根据发音规则,补全单词:c______ke(蛋糕)、m______ke(制作)
朗读句子,标出含/e /音的单词:Jake can make a big cake for his mum.
考点4 职业词汇辨析(高频考点)
【详解】易混淆职业词汇需区分含义和用法:
doctor(医生):在hospital(医院)工作,帮助病人;
nurse(护士):在hospital工作,协助医生;
farmer(农民):在fields(田地)工作,种植庄稼;
cook(厨师):在restaurant(餐馆)或家里工作,烹饪食物;
police officer(警察):在police station(警察局)工作,维护安全。
【典例】
My uncle works in a hospital. He helps sick people. He's a ______ (doctor/farmer).(选词填空)
She works in a restaurant and cooks yummy food. She's a ______ (nurse/cook).(选词填空)
单项选择:—Where does the ______ work —In a police station.( )
A. farmer B. police officer C. teacher
He is a farmer.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ he work
补全句子:My aunt is a ______(护士). She works in a hospital.
考点5 夜班组职业及相关表达
【详解】单元拓展内容,涉及夜间工作的职业及表达:
核心职业:taxi driver(出租车司机)、bus driver(公交车司机)、police officer(警察)、fireman(消防队员)、doctor(医生)、nurse(护士);
常用短语:at night(在夜晚)、work at night(在夜间工作)、night owl(夜猫子)。
【典例】
单项选择:______ drivers work at night and take people home.( )
A. Taxi B. Farmer C. Teacher
Police officers work at night. They ______ (keep/make) the city safe.(选词填空)
补全句子:Doctors and ______(护士)are busy at night. They help sick people.
写出一个夜间工作的职业:______
翻译句子:我的哥哥是个夜猫子,他经常夜间工作。
My brother is a ______ ______. He often works ______ ______.
03 素养拓展
文化与品德教育
职业价值观
职业本身没有高低贵贱之分,无论是医生、教师等脑力劳动者,还是农民、工人等体力劳动者,都在为社会运转做贡献。正如文档强调,我们应尊重每一份职业,摒弃职业偏见,以兴趣和热爱为导向选择职业,培养认真负责的职业品质。
职业礼仪与文化
询问他人职业时语气要礼貌,避免直接评判职业好坏;介绍职业时可简要说明工作内容,体现对职业的理解;不同国家对部分职业的称呼略有差异,如“消防队员”可译为fireman或firefighter,后者更中性,适用于男女。
英文谚语
All jobs are noble.(所有职业皆高尚)
Work hard, and your dream job will come true.(努力奋斗,理想职业终将实现)
Different jobs make the world colorful.(不同的职业让世界多姿多彩)
学习方法小贴士
词汇记忆:采用“分类记忆法”,将职业词汇、场所词汇、动作词汇分开整理;结合“词缀记忆法”(work→worker、paint→painter)和“联想记忆法”(farm→farmer、drive→driver),提升记忆效率。
句型运用:模拟“介绍家庭成员职业”场景,用What does he/she do 提问,用He/She is a/an... 回答,分组互动练习,强化口语表达。
实践拓展:结合文档Project活动,画一画自己的理想职业,用英文写下“职业名称+工作地点+工作内容”,如“I want to be a scientist. I work in a lab. I do experiments.”,并向同学介绍。
04 过关练习
一、单词拼写(每小题2分,共10分)
根据句意及首字母和中文提示,补全单词。
My father is a d______. He works in a hospital.(医生)
Farmers work hard in the f______ every day.(田地)
She wants to be a n______. She likes helping sick people.(护士)
My uncle is a taxi d______. He works at night.(司机)
Don't play with f______. It's dangerous.(火)
二、单项选择(每小题2分,共20分)
—What does your mother do —She's ______ nurse.( )
A. a B. an C. the
Tom's father ______ in a factory. He's a worker.( )
A. work B. works C. working
—Is your grandpa a farmer —______ He works in the fields.( )
A. Yes, he is. B. No, he isn't. C. Yes, she is.
—Where does the police officer work —In a ______.( )
A. farm B. hospital C. police station
My aunt is a cook. She ______ yummy food every day.( )
A. bake B. bakes C. baking
—What does Amy do —She's a ______. She writes stories.( )
A. writer B. painter C. scientist
Many people ______ at night. They brighten the night for others.( )
A. work B. works C. working
—Can you ______ the computer —Yes, I can.( )
A. use B. uses C. using
Jack's father is a ______. He helps put out fires.( )
A. farmer B. fireman C. postman
—What ______ your parents do —They're both workers.( )
A. does B. do C. is
三、句型转换(每小题4分,共20分)
He is a painter.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ a painter
She works in a restaurant.(对画线部分提问)
______ ______ she work
My father often drives a taxi.(改为否定句)
My father ______ often ______ a taxi.
Is she a teacher (作否定回答)
______, ______.
They are doctors.(改为单数句)
______ ______ a ______.
四、完形填空(每小题3分,共15分)
There are many jobs in the world. Different jobs help people in different ways. My father is a 1. ______. He works in a hospital. He helps sick people. He is very busy 2. ______ day. My mother is a cook. She works in a big restaurant. She 3. ______ yummy food for people. My uncle is a taxi driver. He works 4. ______ night. He takes people home safely. My aunt is a teacher. She works in a school. She 5. ______ students English. I think all jobs are great. We should respect every worker.
A. farmer B. doctor C. cook
A. every B. one C. a
A. make B. makes C. making
A. in B. on C. at
A. teach B. teaches C. teaching
五、阅读理解(每小题3分,共15分)
Different Jobs, Different Help
Hello! I'm Sam. There are many different jobs in our life. Each job helps people a lot.
My father is a police officer. He works in a police station. He works at night sometimes. He keeps our city safe. My mother is a nurse. She works in a hospital. She helps sick people get better. My grandpa is a farmer. He works in the fields. He grows vegetables and fruits for us. My grandma is a cook. She works at home. She bakes delicious cakes and cooks nice meals for our family. My uncle is a postman. He brings letters and packages to people every day.
I think all jobs are important. We should thank all workers for their hard work.
根据短文内容,选择正确的答案。
What does Sam's father do ( )
A. A nurse. B. A police officer. C. A farmer.
Where does Sam's mother work ( )
A. In a hospital. B. In a police station. C. In the fields.
What does Sam's grandpa do ( )
A. He cooks meals. B. He grows vegetables. C. He brings letters.
When does Sam's father work sometimes ( )
A. In the morning. B. At night. C. In the afternoon.
Why does Sam think all jobs are important ( )
A. Because they pay well. B. Because they help people a lot. C. Because they are easy.
六、书面表达(共20分)
请以“My Family's Jobs”为题,写一篇短文,描述你家人的职业。
要求:
运用本单元核心句型(What does he/she do 、He/She is a/an...、He/She works in...);
描述2-3位家人的职业、工作地点及工作内容,语句通顺,语法正确;
不少于5句话。
答案与解析
一、考点典例答案与解析
考点1 询问他人职业的句型
答案:do
解析:句型结构为What does + 主语 + do ,助动词does后接实义动词原形do。
答案:She
解析:Amy's mother是女性,答语中用She指代,He用于指代男性。
答案:B
解析:主语your uncle是第三人称单数,询问职业用句型What does + 主语 + do ,故选B。
答案:What does
解析:对职业提问用What,主语he是第三人称单数,助动词用does,后面接原形do。
答案:He is
解析:Lingling's father是男性,用He指代,答语结构为He is + 职业名称。
考点2 动词第三人称单数形式
答案:works
解析:主语my father是第三人称单数,work是一般动词,直接加-s变works。
答案:has
解析:have的第三人称单数形式是特殊变化has,需单独记忆。
答案:B
解析:主语Tom's mother是第三人称单数,bake是一般动词,加-s变bakes,故选B。
答案:doesn't;wash
解析:否定句结构为“主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他”,washes的原形是wash。
答案:go→goes
解析:主语she是第三人称单数,go的第三人称单数形式是特殊变化goes。
考点3 字母组合a_e发/e /音的发音规则
答案:C
解析:A、B、D项中a_e发/e /,C项cat中a发/ /,发音不同,故选C。
答案:bake、make、place
解析:均为单元内a_e发/e /音的核心词汇,符合发音规则。
答案:① S;② D
解析:① cake和make中a_e均发/e /,发音相同;② bake中a_e发/e /,cat中a发/ /,发音不同。
答案:a;a
解析:cake和make均为a_e发/e /的单词,补全字母a,构成a_e组合。
答案:Jake、make、cake
解析:Jake、make、cake中均含a_e组合,发/e /音。
考点4 职业词汇辨析
答案:doctor
解析:在医院工作且帮助病人的职业是doctor(医生),farmer是在田地工作的农民。
答案:cook
解析:在餐馆工作且烹饪食物的职业是cook(厨师),nurse是在医院工作的护士。
答案:B
解析:在警察局工作的职业是police officer(警察),farmer在田地工作,teacher在学校工作,故选B。
答案:Where does
解析:对工作地点提问用Where,主语he是第三人称单数,助动词用does,后面接原形work。
答案:nurse
解析:“护士”对应的英文是nurse,符合“在医院工作”的场景。
考点5 夜班组职业及相关表达
答案:A
解析:taxi drivers(出租车司机)是夜间工作的职业,farmer(农民)和teacher(老师)通常白天工作,故选A。
答案:keep
解析:固定短语keep safe(保持安全),句意为“警察夜间工作,维护城市安全”。
答案:nurses
解析:“护士”的复数形式是nurses,与doctors并列,用复数形式。
答案:taxi driver(答案不唯一,doctor、nurse等均可)
解析:符合“夜间工作”特征的职业均可,taxi driver是单元重点提及的夜班组职业。
答案:night owl;at night
解析:“夜猫子”译为night owl,“在夜间”译为at night,均为单元核心短语。
二、过关练习答案与解析
一、单词拼写
答案:doctor
解析:首字母d+中文“医生”,对应单词doctor,由“在医院工作”验证。
答案:fields
解析:首字母f+中文“田地”,对应单词field,in the fields是固定短语,用复数形式。
答案:nurse
解析:首字母n+中文“护士”,对应单词nurse,符合“帮助病人”的场景。
答案:driver
解析:首字母d+中文“司机”,对应单词driver,taxi driver是固定短语“出租车司机”。
答案:fire
解析:首字母f+中文“火”,对应单词fire,“玩火危险”是常识,fire为不可数名词。
二、单项选择
答案:A
解析:nurse以辅音音素开头,前面用不定冠词a,an用于元音音素开头的单词前,the表特指,故选A。
答案:B
解析:主语Tom's father是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式works,故选B。
答案:A
解析:由“他在田地里工作”可知,爷爷是农民,答语用肯定形式,grandpa是男性,用he指代,故选A。
答案:C
解析:police officer(警察)在police station(警察局)工作,farm是农民工作的地方,hospital是医生和护士工作的地方,故选C。
答案:B
解析:主语my aunt是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式bakes,故选B。
答案:A
解析:“写故事”的职业是writer(作家),painter是画家,scientist是科学家,故选A。
答案:A
解析:主语many people是复数,谓语动词用原形work,故选A。
答案:A
解析:can是情态动词,后面接动词原形use,故选A。
答案:B
解析:“灭火”的职业是fireman(消防队员),farmer是农民,postman是邮递员,故选B。
答案:B
解析:主语your parents是复数,询问职业用What do + 复数主语 + do ,故选B。
三、句型转换
答案:Is he
解析:含有be动词is的陈述句变一般疑问句,将is提前,主语he不变。
答案:Where does
解析:对工作地点提问用Where,主语she是第三人称单数,助动词用does,后面接原形work。
答案:doesn't;drive
解析:主语my father是第三人称单数,否定句用doesn't + 动词原形,drives的原形是drive。
答案:No;she isn't
解析:Is开头的一般疑问句,否定回答为No, 主语 + isn't,主语she不变。
答案:He/She is;doctor
解析:they的单数形式是he或she,are改为is,doctors的单数是doctor。
四、完形填空
答案:B
解析:由“在医院工作”“帮助病人”可知,职业是doctor(医生),farmer是农民,cook是厨师,故选B。
答案:A
解析:every day是固定短语“每天”,句意为“他每天都很忙”,one day意为“某一天”,a day意为“一天”,不符合语境,故选A。
答案:B
解析:主语she是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes,故选B。
答案:C
解析:at night是固定短语“在夜间”,in和on不与night搭配,故选C。
答案:B
解析:主语she是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式teaches,故选B。
五、阅读理解
答案:B
解析:由原文“My father is a police officer.”可知,Sam的爸爸是警察,故选B。
答案:A
解析:由原文“My mother is a nurse. She works in a hospital.”可知,Sam的妈妈在医院工作,故选A。
答案:B
解析:由原文“My grandpa is a farmer. He works in the fields. He grows vegetables and fruits for us.”可知,Sam的爷爷种植蔬菜,故选B。
答案:B
解析:由原文“He works at night sometimes.”可知,Sam的爸爸有时夜间工作,故选B。
答案:B
解析:由原文“Each job helps people a lot.”和“I think all jobs are important.”可知,Sam认为所有职业都重要是因为它们帮助人们很多,故选B。
六、书面表达(参考范文)
My Family's Jobs
There are three people in my family. My father is a doctor. He works in a big hospital. He helps sick people and works hard every day. My mother is a teacher. She works in a primary school. She teaches students Chinese and loves her students. My uncle is a farmer. He works in the fields. He grows fresh vegetables for us. I love my family. I think their jobs are great.