第二讲 推理判断与观点态度题
核心技巧 推敲关键词解隐含意义；忠于措辞推观点态度
(2025·浙江1月卷阅读理解B篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历引出对孩子饮食教育方式的探讨，建议父母语言适度，并基于“责任分工”这一理念来帮助孩子建立健康饮食习惯。
深度解析：
24．B [推理判断题。第一段前两句讲在作者小时候，作者经常被告知哪些食物不能吃，“你不想变胖”这句话在作者的童年时期不断被重复。然后讲父母的这种喂养方式对作者的影响，即“It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome．(它真的破坏了我与食物的关系——我花了很多年才克服。)”由此可推知，作者对父母的喂养方式进行了批判。故选B。]
25．C [推理判断题。根据第二段Charlotte Markey所说的话“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through，but I'm not convinced that food is one of them”可知，在养育子女时，很多事情是值得详细讨论的，但食物不在其中，故C项“向孩子解释吃零食的风险”是Charlotte Markey不主张的。故选C。]
26．A [细节理解题。根据题干的“Division of Responsibility”可将答案定位在第三段。根据该段的“where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times，and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume”可知，根据“责任分工”理念，父母被建议在固定的时间为孩子提供各种各样的基本健康的食品，孩子们自己决定他们吃什么和吃多少。故选A。]
27．C [观点态度题。根据最后一段的“I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive，they do make better decisions．”可知，作者一直在尝试这些策略，作者发现当自己对孩子的限制更少时，他们确实做出了更好的决定。由此可知，作者认为她遵循的策略是有效果的。故选C。]
Word Bank：
1．constant adj．重复的，持续不断的
2．unintentionally adv．无意地，非故意地
3．psychology n．心理学
4．convinced adj．确信的，信服的
5．insecurity n．不安全，无把握
6．nutrition n．营养，滋养
7．restrictive adj．限制性的，约束的
8．mess up 把……弄糟
9．sb．'s heart sinks 某人心情沉重，情绪低落
10．expose...to...使……接触……，使……暴露于……
11．try out 试用，试验
12．make a huge difference有很大影响
(一)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之现代动物园
(2025·江西萍乡三模)In 2023，an appeal by actress Joanna Lumley to free the UK's 50 caged elephants was turned down by the CEO of Chester Zoo．He claimed that modern zoos are “enlightened” places，a “million miles away” from how they were half a century ago，and crucial to conservation．
Is he right？We should perhaps start by pointing out what he does not say：that elephants do suffer in zoos．It is hard to avoid the fact that these places still make animals miserable，particularly large and intelligent ones．Elephants，big cats and primates clearly do not enjoy captivity (圈养)．
Even airy modern enclosures decorated with grassy slopes and pretty vines cannot hope to provide exactly the same natural surroundings．Animals pace，rock and scratch themselves，and often die young．A surprising number of zoo animals are on psychoactive drugs．In 2000，a survey of North American zoos found that almost half were giving their gorillas drugs to help them cope with their boring lives．
Defenders of modern zoos tend to say that these animals' sad lives serve a higher cause．At the price of one caged elephant，we can save many more in the wild，and meanwhile nurture generations of animal lovers，who might one day become conservationists themselves．
But will zoos inspire people to become conservationists？Unlikely．After all，conservation is rooted in the philosophy that we do not have a natural domination over other species，or the right to use them as we will．But zoos are built on the opposing principle—that of humans as consumers，animals to be consumed．
“Adults take children to the zoo to show them the originals of their soft toy reproductions，” wrote John Berger．It is where they go to learn that animals are not fellow creatures but things．
1．What does the CEO of Chester Zoo think of modern zoos
A．They are prisons for animals．
B．They are habitable for animals．
C．They are too remote for animals to live．
D．They are unchanged from 50 years ago．
2．Why does the author mention the drug use phenomenon in zoos
A．To prove zoo animals' suffering．
B．To criticize the management．
C．To imitate natural ecosystems．
D．To highlight animals' carefree lives．
3．How does the author defend his view according to paragraph 5
A．By listing successful zoo stories．
B．By emphasizing animal freedom．
C．By quoting expert opinions．
D．By comparing conflicting values．
4．What can be implied from the text
A．Zoos strengthen family bonds．
B．Zoos enhance wildlife conservation．
C．Zoos go against the educational role．
D．Zoos weaken humans' domination over animals．
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之成人教育的实践创新
(2025·山东菏泽二模)The teacher starts with the basics：how to thread a needle．Then，over the course of the next 30 minutes，she shows the students a few different stitches (针法)，along with how to mend a torn shirt．The sewing class is part of a free，one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”．The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s．
ACC has been running such programmes for six years．The workshops are designed to help people “successfully navigate adulthood”，even those who，legally and practically，have been navigating it for quite some time．The topics vary from basic—how to dress appropriately for a job interview—to advanced，such as how to file income taxes．
The rise in need for adulting classes reflects，in part，the changing nature of childhood and adolescence，which have grown more digital and less physical．American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens．Many online platforms do offer handy tutorials on all manner of housework，but most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers．
Keith Hayward，a professor of the University of Copenhagen，argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their ancestors were at the same age．They are escaping from responsibilities such as marriage，homeowning and child-raising because “adulting is hard”，as one of his students put it．He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders try to offer．“If parents are not providing advice on life's many essential tasks，you're left with these classes picking up what you should have gained．”
Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters' delayed development．But spoiled children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them．Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt．
5．Why is the “Adulting 101” course opened
A．To teach digital skills．
B．To make adult life smooth．
C．To train experienced tailors．
D．To advance academic level．
6．What does the rise in need for adulting classes reflect about young people today
A．Their nature of adulting．
B．Their addiction to screens．
C．Their interest in housework．
D．Their love for tutorials．
7．What is Keith Hayward's attitude towards adulting classes
A．Doubtful． B．Negative．
C．Neutral． D．Positive．
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Adulting classes should be started earlier．
B．Practical skills is a sign of becoming mature．
C．Adulting classes are very dull for grown-ups．
D．Young people have a generation gap with their parents．
(一)
高频词汇 1．crucial adj．至关重要的 2．conservation n．保护(自然资源、动物等) 3．miserable adj．痛苦的；悲惨的 4．domination n．支配；控制 5．opposing adj．相反的
熟词生义 pace (生) v．踱步 (熟) n．速度；步伐；节奏
重点短语 1．turn down拒绝 2．a million miles away from...与……截然不同 3．cope with 应对；处理 4．be rooted in植根于，源于
难句分析 After all，conservation is rooted in the philosophy that we do not have a natural domination over other species，or the right to use them as we will． 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that we do not..．as we will是同位语从句，说明philosophy的内容。as we will是方式状语从句。 译文：毕竟，环境保护的理念根源在于：我们并非天生就凌驾于其他物种之上，也没有随意利用它们的权利。
(二)
高频词汇 1．mend v．修补 2．appropriately adv．适当地 3．shift n．转变
熟词生义 file (生)v．提交(税务等) (熟)n．文件
重点短语 1．along with和……一起 2．range from...to...范围从……到…… 3．be designed to do sth．旨在做某事
难句分析 If parents are not providing advice on life's many essential tasks，you're left with these classes picking up what you should have gained． 分析： 本句为主从复合句。If parents are not providing advice on life's many essential tasks为if引导的条件状语从句；what you should have gained为what引导的宾语从句。 译文：如果父母没有在生活中许多重要的任务上提供建议，你就只能在这些课程中获得你应该获得的东西。
第二讲 推理判断与观点态度题
应用模拟练·提能力
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代动物园不能为动物提供适宜的生存环境，动物园违背了教育作用。
1．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“He claimed that modern zoos are ‘enlightened’ places，a ‘million miles away’ from how they were half a century ago，and crucial to conservation．”可知，切斯特动物园的CEO认为现代动物园适合动物居住。]
2．A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Animals pace，rock and scratch themselves，and often die young．A surprising number of zoo animals are on psychoactive drugs．In 2000，a survey of North American zoos found that almost half were giving their gorillas drugs to help them cope with their boring lives．”可知，作者提到动物园中使用药物的现象是为了证明动物园动物的痛苦。]
3．D [细节理解题。根据第五段“But will zoos inspire people to become conservationists？Unlikely...But zoos are built on the opposing principle—that of humans as consumers，animals to be consumed．”可知，作者在第五段中通过比较相互冲突的价值观来捍卫自己的观点。]
4．C [推理判断题。根据第六段“‘Adults take children to the zoo to show them the originals of their soft toy reproductions，’ wrote John Berger．It is where they go to learn that animals are not fellow creatures but things．”可知，成年人带孩子去动物园，孩子们在那里了解到的是，动物不是同类，而是事物，由此可以暗示动物园违背了教育作用。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥斯汀社区学院(ACC)开设的“成人入门101”免费课程。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“ACC has been running such programmes for six years．The workshops are designed to help people ‘successfully navigate adulthood’，even those who，legally and practically，have been navigating it for quite some time．”可知，开设“成人入门101”课程的目的是使成人生活顺利。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“The rise in need for adulting classes reflects，in part，the changing nature of childhood and adolescence，which have grown more digital and less physical．American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens．”可知，对成人课程需求的增加反映了当今年轻人对屏幕的沉迷。]
7．D [观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中“Keith Hayward，a professor of the University of Copenhagen..．their elders try to offer．‘If parents are not providing advice..．what you should have gained．’”可知，Keith Hayward认为成年人能在这些课程中学习本应学到的东西，所以他对成年人课程的态度是积极的。]
8．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters' delayed development．But spoiled children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them．Only a grownup would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt．”可知，从本段可推出实用技能是成熟的标志。](共43张PPT)
专题一 阅读四选一
第二讲 推理判断与观点态度题
第一部分 题型突破
核心技巧 推敲关键词解隐含意义；忠于措辞推观点态度
典例 做真题·悟考法
(2025·浙江1月卷阅读理解B篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历引出对孩子饮食教育方式的探讨，建议父母语言适度，并基于“责任分工”这一理念来帮助孩子建立健康饮食习惯。
深度解析：
24．B [推理判断题。第一段前两句讲在作者小时候，作者经常被告知哪些食物不能吃，“你不想变胖”这句话在作者的童年时期不断被重复。然后讲父母的这种喂养方式对作者的影响，即“It really messed up my relationship with food—something that took me years to overcome．(它真的破坏了我与食物的关系——我花了很多年才克服。)”由此可推知，作者对父母的喂养方式进行了批判。故选B。]
25．C [推理判断题。根据第二段Charlotte Markey所说的话“There are so many things in parenting that are good to talk through，but I'm not convinced that food is one of them”可知，在养育子女时，很多事情是值得详细讨论的，但食物不在其中，故C项“向孩子解释吃零食的风险”是Charlotte Markey不主张的。故选C。]
26．A [细节理解题。根据题干的“Division of Responsibility”可将答案定位在第三段。根据该段的“where parents provide a variety of mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times，and the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume”可知，根据“责任分工”理念，父母被建议在固定的时间为孩子提供各种各样的基本健康的食品，孩子们自己决定他们吃什么和吃多少。故选A。]
27．C [观点态度题。根据最后一段的“I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive，they do make better decisions．”可知，作者一直在尝试这些策略，作者发现当自己对孩子的限制更少时，他们确实做出了更好的决定。由此可知，作者认为她遵循的策略是有效果的。故选C。]
Word Bank：
1．constant adj．重复的，持续不断的
2．unintentionally adv．无意地，非故意地
3．psychology n．心理学
4．convinced adj．确信的，信服的
5．insecurity n．不安全，无把握
6．nutrition n．营养，滋养
7．restrictive adj．限制性的，约束的
8．mess up 把……弄糟
9．sb．'s heart sinks 某人心情沉重，情绪低落
10．expose...to...使……接触……，使……暴露于……
11．try out 试用，试验
12．make a huge difference有很大影响
应用 模拟练·提能力
(2025·江西萍乡三模)In 2023，an appeal by actress Joanna Lumley to free the UK's 50 caged elephants was turned down by the CEO of Chester Zoo．He claimed that modern zoos are “enlightened” places，a “million miles away” from how they were half a century ago，and crucial to conservation．
(一)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之现代动物园
Is he right？We should perhaps start by pointing out what he does not say：that elephants do suffer in zoos．It is hard to avoid the fact that these places still make animals miserable，particularly large and intelligent ones．Elephants，big cats and primates clearly do not enjoy captivity (圈养)．
Even airy modern enclosures decorated with grassy slopes and pretty vines cannot hope to provide exactly the same natural surroundings．Animals pace，rock and scratch themselves，and often die young．A surprising number of zoo animals are on psychoactive drugs．In 2000，a survey of North American zoos found that almost half were giving their gorillas drugs to help them cope with their boring lives．
Defenders of modern zoos tend to say that these animals' sad lives serve a higher cause．At the price of one caged elephant，we can save many more in the wild，and meanwhile nurture generations of animal lovers，who might one day become conservationists themselves．
But will zoos inspire people to become conservationists？Unlikely．After all，conservation is rooted in the philosophy that we do not have a natural domination over other species，or the right to use them as we will．But zoos are built on the opposing principle—that of humans as consumers，animals to be consumed．
“Adults take children to the zoo to show them the originals of their soft toy reproductions，” wrote John Berger．It is where they go to learn that animals are not fellow creatures but things．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代动物园不能为动物提供适宜的生存环境，动物园违背了教育作用。
1．What does the CEO of Chester Zoo think of modern zoos
A．They are prisons for animals．
B．They are habitable for animals．
C．They are too remote for animals to live．
D．They are unchanged from 50 years ago．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“He claimed that modern zoos are ‘enlightened’ places，a ‘million miles away’ from how they were half a century ago，and crucial to conservation．”可知，切斯特动物园的CEO认为现代动物园适合动物居住。]
2．Why does the author mention the drug use phenomenon in zoos
A．To prove zoo animals' suffering．
B．To criticize the management．
C．To imitate natural ecosystems．
D．To highlight animals' carefree lives．
√
A [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Animals pace，rock and scratch themselves，and often die young．A surprising number of zoo animals are on psychoactive drugs．In 2000，a survey of North American zoos found that almost half were giving their gorillas drugs to help them cope with their boring lives．”可知，作者提到动物园中使用药物的现象是为了证明动物园动物的痛苦。]
3．How does the author defend his view according to paragraph 5
A．By listing successful zoo stories．
B．By emphasizing animal freedom．
C．By quoting expert opinions．
D．By comparing conflicting values．
√
D [细节理解题。根据第五段“But will zoos inspire people to become conservationists？Unlikely...But zoos are built on the opposing principle—that of humans as consumers，animals to be consumed．”可知，作者在第五段中通过比较相互冲突的价值观来捍卫自己的观点。]
4．What can be implied from the text
A．Zoos strengthen family bonds．
B．Zoos enhance wildlife conservation．
C．Zoos go against the educational role．
D．Zoos weaken humans' domination over animals．
√
C [推理判断题。根据第六段“‘Adults take children to the zoo to show them the originals of their soft toy reproductions，’ wrote John Berger．It is where they go to learn that animals are not fellow creatures but things．”可知，成年人带孩子去动物园，孩子们在那里了解到的是，动物不是同类，而是事物，由此可以暗示动物园违背了教育作用。]
(2025·山东菏泽二模)The teacher starts with the basics：how to thread a needle．Then，over the course of the next 30 minutes，she shows the students a few different stitches (针法)，along with how to mend a torn shirt．The sewing class is part of a free，one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”．The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s．
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之成人教育的实践创新
ACC has been running such programmes for six years．The workshops are designed to help people “successfully navigate adulthood”，even those who，legally and practically，have been navigating it for quite some time．The topics vary from basic—how to dress appropriately for a job interview—to advanced，such as how to file income taxes．
The rise in need for adulting classes reflects，in part，the changing nature of childhood and adolescence，which have grown more digital and less physical．American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens．Many online platforms do offer handy tutorials on all manner of housework，but most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers．
Keith Hayward，a professor of the University of Copenhagen，argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their ancestors were at the same age．They are escaping from responsibilities such as marriage，homeowning and child-raising because “adulting is hard”，as one of his students put it．He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders try to offer．“If parents are not providing advice on life's many essential tasks，you're left with these classes picking up what you should have gained．”
Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters' delayed development．But spoiled children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them．Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥斯汀社区学院(ACC)开设的“成人入门101”免费课程。
5．Why is the “Adulting 101” course opened
A．To teach digital skills．
B．To make adult life smooth．
C．To train experienced tailors．
D．To advance academic level．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“ACC has been running such programmes for six years．The workshops are designed to help people ‘successfully navigate adulthood’，even those who，legally and practically，have been navigating it for quite some time．”可知，开设“成人入门101”课程的目的是使成人生活顺利。]
6．What does the rise in need for adulting classes reflect about young people today
A．Their nature of adulting．
B．Their addiction to screens．
C．Their interest in housework．
D．Their love for tutorials．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“The rise in need for adulting classes reflects，in part，the changing nature of childhood and adolescence，which have grown more digital and less physical．American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens．”可知，对成人课程需求的增加反映了当今年轻人对屏幕的沉迷。]
7．What is Keith Hayward's attitude towards adulting classes
A．Doubtful． B．Negative．
C．Neutral． D．Positive．
D [观点态度题。根据倒数第二段中“Keith Hayward，a professor of the University of Copenhagen...their elders try to offer．‘If parents are not providing advice...what you should have gained．’”可知，Keith Hayward认为成年人能在这些课程中学习本应学到的东西，所以他对成年人课程的态度是积极的。]
√
8．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Adulting classes should be started earlier．
B．Practical skills is a sign of becoming mature．
C．Adulting classes are very dull for grown-ups．
D．Young people have a generation gap with their parents．
√
B [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters' delayed development．But spoiled children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them．Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt．”可知，从本段可推出实用技能是成熟的标志。]
词句积累
(一)
高频词汇 1．crucial adj．至关重要的
2．conservation n．保护(自然资源、动物等)
3．miserable adj．痛苦的；悲惨的
4．domination n．支配；控制
5．opposing adj．相反的
熟词生义 pace (生) v．踱步 (熟) n．速度；步伐；节奏
重点短语 1．turn down拒绝
2．a million miles away from...与……截然不同
3．cope with 应对；处理
4．be rooted in植根于，源于
难句分析 After all，conservation is rooted in the philosophy that we do not have a natural domination over other species，or the right to use them as we will．
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that we do not...as we will是同位语从句，说明philosophy的内容。as we will是方式状语从句。
译文：毕竟，环境保护的理念根源在于：我们并非天生就凌驾于其他物种之上，也没有随意利用它们的权利。
(二)
高频词汇 1．mend v．修补
2．appropriately adv．适当地
3．shift n．转变
熟词生义 file (生)v．提交(税务等) (熟)n．文件
重点短语 1．along with和……一起
2．range from...to...范围从……到……
3．be designed to do sth．旨在做某事
难句分析 If parents are not providing advice on life's many essential tasks，you're left with these classes picking up what you should have gained．
分析： 本句为主从复合句。If parents are not providing advice on life's many essential tasks为if引导的条件状语从句；what you should have gained为what引导的宾语从句。
译文：如果父母没有在生活中许多重要的任务上提供建议，你就只能在这些课程中获得你应该获得的东西。
谢 谢！
