《创新课堂》 Welcome Unit 知识清单 高中英语必修第一册（人教版）

Welcome Unit 单元知识清单
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重点单词
1．exchange n．& vt.交换；交流
2．lecture n．& vi.(开)讲座；讲课
3．formal adj.正式的；正规的
4．senior adj.级别(或地位)高的 n．较年长的人
5．outgoing adj.外向的
6．concentrate vi.& vt.集中(注意力)；聚精会神
7．experiment n．试验
8．awkward adj.令人尴尬的
9．junior adj.地位(或职位、级别)低下的 n．职位较低者
10．explore vt.& vi.探索；勘探
11．forward adv.向前；前进
12．flash n．光；信号 vi.& vt.(使)闪耀；发出(信号)
13．goal n．目标；球门；射门
14．partner n．同伴
15．company n．公司；陪伴
16．style n．方式；作风
重点单词变形
1．design vt.& n．设计→designer n．设计者
2．anxious adj.焦虑的；不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地→anxiety n．焦虑
3．annoy vt.使恼怒→annoyed adj.恼怒的→annoying adj.令人恼怒的→annoyance n．恼怒
4．frighten vt.使害怕→frightened adj.惊吓的→frightening adj.令人害怕的
5．impress vt.给……留下深刻的好印象→impression n．印象；感想→impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
6．confident adj.自信的→confidence n．信心；信任
7．organise vt.组织；筹备→organisation n．组织；团体→organiser n．组织者
8．improve vi.& vt.改进；改善→improvement n．提高；改善
9．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇
重点词组
1．at last终于；最终
2．make an impression留下好印象
3．what if要是……会怎么样呢？
4．concentrate on集中精力于
5．leave...alone不打扰；不惊动
6．junior high school(美国)初级中学
7．look forward to盼望；期待
8．take notes记笔记
一、重点单词
1. exchange n. 交换; 交流 vt. 交换; 交流; 交易; 兑换
【教材原句】I’m an exchange student from the UK. 我是一名来自英国的交换生。
【拓展记忆】
(1) n. 交换；交流
用法： in exchange for 作为……的交换
an exchange of ideas/information 意见/信心交流
例： He attempted to work in the restaurant in exchange for a free meal.
(2) vt. 交换；交流；交易；兑换
用法：exchange…for… 以……换取……
exchange…with… 和……交换……
例：①I want to exchange my dollars for pounds.
②I went over there and exchanged greetings with everyone.
2. design n. 设计; 图案; vt. 计划; 构思
【典型例句】They asked me to design a poster for the campaign.
他们请我为这次运动设计一张海报。
【拓展记忆】
(1)be designed for sb. /sth. 　　　为某人/某物而设计
be designed to do sth. 旨在; 打算被设计来做……
(2)by design 故意地; 蓄意地
(3)designer n. 设计者
【拓展例句】
①Our school invited two engineers to design_a_language_lab_for_us.
我们学校邀请了两位工程师为我们设计一个语言实验室。
②Project Hope is_designed_to_help those children who drop out of school because of poverty.
希望工程旨在帮助那些因为贫困而辍学的孩子。
③An Italian architecture designer is to make_designs_for the new bridge.
一位意大利建筑设计师打算为这座新桥进行设计。
3. anxious adj. 焦虑的; 不安的
【教材原句】I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now. 我并不外向, 所以现在有点焦虑。
【拓展记忆】
(1)be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事
be anxious (for sb.) to do...渴望(某人)做……
(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地
【拓展例句】
He seemed anxious about the meeting.
他似乎对这次会议忧心忡忡。
She was anxious to finish school and get a job.
她渴望毕业找一份工作。
Mary has been anxious for your return.
玛丽急切地盼你回来。
4. frightened adj. 惊吓的; 害怕的
【教材原句】I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. 我一点也没觉得尴尬或害怕。
【拓展记忆】
(1) be frightened of . . . 　　　害怕……
be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事
be frightened to death 被吓得要死
(2) fright n. 害怕
(3) frighten vt. &vi. 惊恐; 害怕
(4) frightening adj. 令人惊吓的; 恐怖的
【拓展例句】
例：①I’m frightened of walking home alone in the dark.
②I'm frightened to speak in public.
③I’d never do that. I’d be frightened to death.
④She was frightened that the plane would crash.
5. impression n. 印象; 感想
【教材原句】I want to make a good first impression. 我想留个好的第一印象。
【拓展记忆】
(1) leave/make a(n) . . . impression on sb. 给某人留下……印象
(2)impress vt. 使铭记; 铭刻; 使印象深刻
(3)be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻
be impressed on one’s mind/memory被印在脑海里
【拓展例句】
①We were impressed by the new teacher's rich knowledge and humorous talk.
新老师渊博的知识、风趣的谈吐给我们留下了深刻的印象。
②I am very impressed with the new airport.
新机场给我留下了很深的印象。
③He has told me his plans and he's made a good impression on me.
他已经把他的计划告诉我了，从而给我留下了好印象。
④The bridge is not as impressive as some guides would have you believe.
这座大桥并不像有些导游说的那么雄伟。
6. curious adj. 好奇的
【教材原句】I’m curious about everything. 我对一切事物都感到好奇。
【拓展记忆】
(1) be curious about　　　　　对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2) curiosity n. 好奇; 好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
(3)curiously adv. 好奇地
Filled with curiosity, the artist packed his bags and left.
7. annoyed adj. 恼怒的, 生气的
【典型例句】I was annoyed at those annoying things because those things were annoying me all the time.
我对那些烦人的事情感到恼火, 因为这些事情一直困扰着我。
【拓展记忆】
(1)be annoyed with sb. 　　生某人的气
be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气
(2)annoy vt. 使恼怒, 打扰
(3)annoying adj. 令人生气或烦恼的
(4)annoyance n. 生气, 烦恼; 令人烦恼的事物
【拓展例句】
①He was beginning to get very annoyed with me about my carelessness.
因为我粗心大意，他已开始恼火了。
②Eleanor was annoyed at having had to wait so long for him.
埃莉诺为不得不等他这么长时间而感到很恼火。
③I like to pretend that I'm okay because I don't want to annoy people with my problems.
我喜欢装作没事，只是不想因自己的问题去麻烦到别人。
④Try making a note of the things which annoy you.
试着把烦心事写下来。
confident adj. 自信的；有把握的；肯定的
【拓展记忆】
(1)be confident about/of(doing)sth.对(做)…有把握；
(2)confidence n． 信心
with confidence 自信地；充满信心地
have confidence in... 对……有信心
(3)confidently adv. 有把握地；自信地
【拓展例句】
例：①The management is confident about the way business is done.
②He was confident of passing the driving test.
③We are confident that the Chinese team will sieze the gold medal at the Olympic Games.
④You should have confidence in yourself.
二、重点词组
1. look forward to 期望; 期待; 盼望
【教材原句】Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. 汤姆期待遇见那个新的交换生。
【拓展记忆】
含look的常用短语：
look after 照料
look back on 回顾
look into 调查
look through 浏览
look out for 注意，当心，留意
look up to 仰慕，尊敬
look ahead 向前看；为将来打算
look down on/upon 瞧不起，看不起
look on…as… 把……看作……
look around 环视
look up 查找
带介词to的常用短语：
stick to 坚持
lead to 导致；通向
object to 反对
refer to 参考；涉及；提到
belong to 属于
be used to 习惯于
devote… to 致力于／奉献于
pay attention to 注意
be accustomed to 习惯于
【典型例句】I have seen the film; now I am looking forward to reading the book.
我看过这部电影，现在我盼望读这本书。
The students are looking forward to having an opportunity to explore society for real-life experience．
学生们盼望有一个踏足社会寻求现实生活经验的机会。
I hope you can accept our invitation. And I am looking forward to your early reply.
我希望您能接受我们的邀请,期待着您的早日回复。
2. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
我发现大多数同学和老师都很友好并乐于助人。
【典型例句】 Now the concept of Scholarly Campus is so well-received that you can find students reading books all over the campus. 现在“书香校园”理念很受欢迎, 你会发现很多学生在校园里读书。
【句型公式】
①find＋名词/代词＋(to be＋)形容词/副词/名词。意为“发现某人/某物……”，to be 常可省略掉。
I find this job (to be) very exciting.
我发现这份工作令人兴奋。
She found Jack (to be) an honest man.
她发现杰克是个诚实的人。
②find＋名词/代词＋介宾短语。
He found a stranger in the room.
他发现房间里有个陌生人。
③find＋名词/代词＋现在分词。意为“发现某人/某物一直……”，可表示主动和进行。
She found a wallet lying on the ground.
她发现地上有一个钱包。
④find＋名词/代词＋过去分词。意为“发现某人/某物被……”，可表示被动和完成。
He found his dog hidden in the bush.
他发现他的狗藏在灌木丛中。
⑤find it＋形容词＋to do。it 是形式宾语，代替真正的宾语 to do。
We find it hard to learn English grammar.
我们发现学英语语法很难。
3. concentrate on 集中精力于……
【拓展记忆】
(1)concentrate on sth. 集中精力于某事
concentrate sth. on sth./on doing sth. 集中……于/做某事
concentrate one's attention on 把注意力集中在……上
(2)concentration n. 集中；专心
concentrated adj. 全力以赴的；集中的；浓缩的
【典型例句】
①I can't concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on.吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法集中精力学习。
②We should concentrate our attention on the teachers' lecture, thus we can make great progress.
我们应该把注意力集中在老师的讲课上，这样我们才能取得很大的进步。
③This book requires a great deal of concentration.
这本书需要全神贯注才能读懂。
4. leave... alone
（1）不去打扰某人，让某人独自待着
Don't talk to her. Leave her alone.不要跟她讲话,让她一个人待着静静。
（2）不管，不理会，不碰
I’ve told you to leave my things alone. 我已经告诉过你不要动我的东西。
【归纳拓展】
leave... out省去;遗漏;忽略
leave for 动身去……，前往……
leave... behind 忘带;落后;把……抛在后面
leave... aside 不考虑, 把……搁置一边
let alone 更不用说
3. What if …. 句型
" What if... "为常用句型，What if后面跟一个完整的句子,且句子通常用现在时或过去时。该句式有如下含义:
(1)如果……怎么办 要是……会怎么样呢 (尤指令人不愉快的事情发生时)
What if the family had simply left the cat behind 如果这家人只是把猫遗弃了怎么办
(2)如果……怎么样 (用于表示提出有益的建议)
What if you join us for lunch 同我们一起吃午饭怎么样
What if we move the sofa over here Would that look better
要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样 那样看上去会不会好一些
【归纳拓展】与what相关的其他句型:
What for 为何理由
Guess what!你猜怎么着!
So what 那又怎么样
What about. . . .= How about.. . ……怎么样
What's up = What is the matter = What's wrong 怎么回事 /怎么了
What do you think of... 你认为……怎么样
三、重点语法
一、句子成分
句子表达一个完整的意思, 是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。句子一般可以分成几个部分, 每个部分在句中具有一定的功能, 称为句子成分。
不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。主要句子成分归纳如下:
成分 意义 位置
主语 S(subject) 句子的主体; 谓语陈述、说明的对象, 说明动作由“谁”发出 位于句首
谓语V(verb) 表示主语的行为或状态, 是英语句子的灵魂、核心 主语之后
宾语 O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后
直接宾语DO (direct object) 表示动作的承受者, 一般是物 动词后
间接宾语IO (indirect object) 表示动作是对谁或为谁做的, 一般是人 动词后
表语 P(predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 系动词后
宾语补足语OC (object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后
定语(attributive) 用来修饰名词或代词, 说明其本质或特征 名词或代词前面或后面
状语A(adverbial) 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生; 说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活
一、基本句型
简单句有以下几种基本句型结构:
★主语+谓语(S+V)
谓语是不及物动词，其后可加副词、介词短语等。
例如:They sat together quietly.
The students agreed.
★主语+谓语+宾语(S+V+O)
谓语是及物动词，宾语通常是名词、代词、动词不定式、v-ing 形式等。
例如:He enjoys reading.
Who knows the answer
★主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, turn, get等，表语通常是形容词、名词、代词等。该句式侧重说明主语的特征、身份等。
例如:
This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
The dinner smells good.
His face turned red.
★主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO)
某些动词后的间接宾语可改为 to引导的短语，如: give, lend, pass,show, send 等，某些动词后的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，如: buy, choose, cook, make, sing 等。例如:
He gave me a book=He gave a book to me.
She bought her friend a present=She bought a present for her friend.
★主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)
这类谓语动词主要有find, keep, feel, wish, think, name, call, ask, advise, teach, want, notice等。宾语补足语用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态，通常是形容词、名词、动词不定式、介词短语等。例如:
He found his new task very challenging.
She advised us to turn to local people for help.
there be 句型
英语中there be 句型结构表示“某处有某物”以通常被称为存在句。其中be为谓语动词，there be 后面的名词为句子的主语。there be 句型中be还可以用其他词替代，如live. exist, stand, lie, remain, go, come 等。
There are many customers in the shop.
There stands a tower in the mountain.