第四讲 词义猜测题
核心技巧 凭借上下文语境，逻辑关系，语法关系或构词法，猜测词义易如反掌
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读理解C篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇议论文。作者认为印刷文本比电子类文本更有利于学习。
深度解析：
28．D [词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，当阅读几百字或更多文字的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上更成功。画线短语所在句句意为：当实验者从完成简单的任务(如确定阅读段落的主要思想)到需要抽象思想的任务(如从文本中推断)时，印刷文本阅读的益处尤为明显。由此可知，shine though表示“表现出来，容易注意到”。故选D。]
29．A [细节理解题。根据第四段中“According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．”可知，这个“假说”认为：人们接触数字文本时，心态与处理方式往往与不那么严肃的社交媒体相似，他们投入的精力也较少。故选A。]
30．A [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text”可知，因为音频和视频比文本更吸引人，所以大学老师使用越来越多的音频和视频。故选A。]
31．C [推理判断题。最后一段中However后面的内容是作者要强调的内容。作者认为：为了最大限度地进行需要集中注意力和反思的学习，教育者不应该假设所有媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的内容。作者还是强调印刷书籍的作用不可替代。故选C。]
Word Bank：
1．comprehension n．理解(力)
2．effective adj．有效的
3．concentration n．专注，注意力
4．tendency n．趋势，倾向
5．consume v．消费，使用
6．generally adv．通常，普遍地
7．mental adj．精神的，心理的
8．property n．[生义]特性，性质
9．approach v．对待，处理
10．assign v．布置，分配
11．identical adj．完全同样的
12．maximize v．充分利用，最大限度地利用
13．reflection n．思考，反思
14．relate to 与……相关
15．a variety of 各种各样的
16．a large amount of 大量的
17．turn to 求助于，转向
18．instead of 代替，而不是
(一)
语篇类型 记叙文 主题语境 人与自我之摄影
(2025·福建龙岩二模)Zhou Donglin is traveling during Spring Festival in Uganda，attempting to capture precious images of mountain gorillas through her lens (镜头)．
“I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales．If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts，they will come to love animals．This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature，” Zhou says．In December，Zhou's photography work stood out from the more than 37，600 nature-themed image and video submissions from across the world．
Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013．She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents．“I was too busy to try to figure out what I want，” she says．
With her MBA background，Zhou says it's key to pick up a wealth of knowledge about animals before getting into the field．“Nature photographers often use extremely long lenses，which are very heavy，and hiking in the wilderness requires a lot of physical strength，” Zhou says．Endurance is also key—being able to handle hunger，dirt and sometimes thirst．
The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals，motivating her to call attention to their protection．
In 2019，she worked with ornithologist (鸟类学家) Lin Qingxian from Xiamen University to set up Seeking Wild，a non-profit organization committed to raising public awareness of wildlife conservation through field research，rescue efforts，and ecological photography．Additionally，Zhou held a personal photography exhibition，with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts．
“The images are more a source of materials for wildlife conservation，as what the eye sees is the most direct and visually impactful，” Zhou explains of the establishment of Seeking Wild．“However，when it comes to follow-up actions，I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures．”
1．Why does Zhou share the stories of wildlife through photography
A．To win international awards．
B．To develop a career in ecology．
C．To engage audiences in nature protection．
D．To stimulate audiences' interest in animals．
2．What did Zhou realize after a car accident
A．The importance of putting life in focus．
B．The need to improve photographic skills．
C．The urgency of building a strong body．
D．The pride in being an outstanding student．
3．What does the underlined word “proceeds” in paragraph 6 refer to
A．Donations． B．Profits．
C．Works． D．Resources．
4．According to Zhou，what is the most essential for future actions
A．Groups' effective engagement．
B．Public conservation awareness．
C．More exhibitions of wildlife images．
D．Establishment of more organizations．
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与自然之光污染
(2025·安徽蚌埠二模)In the history of life on Earth，organisms have relied on the light of the sun，the moon and stars to find their way and schedule their lives．While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans，it has done much harm to the natural world．Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN)，light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences，contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations，and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it．
Now，a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another finding about how ALAN is affecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁)：Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning (产卵) outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce．
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations，researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs．
Corals release eggs on certain nights of the year，guided by lunar cycles．If corals are spawning on different nights，inspired to do so by the confusion of light pollution，it could reduce the likelihood of coral eggs being fertilized and surviving to produce new adult corals that help reefs to recover．
“Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically important ecosystems on the planet．Mass bleaching (白化) events caused by climate change，habitat destruction，fisheries，water pollution and other disturbances have reduced coral reefs substantially since the 1950s，” these worried researchers write．“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years．”
“If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing，we can delay switching on night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise that guides spawning remains complete，” says lead author Dr．Thomas Davies．
Obviously，light pollution is one of the least complicated pollution sources to fix．Solving plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will take a humanity-wide sea change to fix，but light pollution？We just need to turn off the lights when necessary．That can make a significant difference to the natural world．
5．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A．Blessing． B．Demonstration．
C．Trend． D．Crisis．
6．How does ALAN affect corals
A．It blinds new adult corals．
B．It misleads them into spawning．
C．It keeps them from reproducing．
D．It encourages coral egg hunting．
7．Why do the researchers feel worried
A．Corals are exposed to moonlight．
B．Corals are likely to become extinct．
C．Corals have lost their ecological value．
D．Corals cause disturbances to fisheries．
8．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To analyze the impact of human activity．
B．To emphasize the significant role of corals．
C．To reveal the root sources of corals' decline．
D．To call for action to reduce light pollution．
(一)
高频词汇 1．submission n．提交的作品(尤指参赛作品) 2．crash n．碰撞；(汽车)事故 3．endurance n．耐力；持久力 4．capture v．捕捉；拍摄 5．institute v．制定；建立 6．precious adj．珍贵的 7．correspondingly adv．相应地
熟词生义 bound (生)adj．卧床不起的 (熟)adj．可能的
重点短语 1．stand out from 从……中脱颖而出 2．reflect on反思 3．pick up a wealth of knowledge 学习大量知识 4．give rise to 引起；导致 5．call attention to引起对……的关注 6．commit to 致力于；投身于
难句分析 The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals，motivating her to call attention to their protection． 分析：本句为主从复合句。Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife为定语从句，修饰the years。motivating her to call attention to their protection是动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。 译文：周冬林花费多年拍摄自然和野生动物，这不仅催生了数万张珍贵影像，也让她深受动物喜爱，促使她呼吁人们保护它们。
(二)
高频词汇 1．emergence n．出现 2．emission n．排放(物) 3．expose v．使暴露；使接触 4．substantially adv．非常；大大地
熟词生义 1．schedule (生)v．调节(生物钟) (熟) n．时间表 2．trick (生)v．欺骗 (熟)n．诡计，玩笑
重点短语 1．contribute to 导致；促成 2．switch on/off 打开/关闭(灯光等) 3．make a difference 产生影响；起作用
难句分析 Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations，researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs． 分析：本句为主从复合句。Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations为动词-ing形式短语作状语；that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs为that引导的宾语从句；exposed to ALAN为过去分词短语作定语。 译文：通过结合光污染数据和产卵观察，研究人员首次能够证明，暴露于夜间人造光的珊瑚比未受光照的珊瑚产卵时间提前1至3天，且更接近满月时间。
第四讲 词义猜测题
应用模拟练·提能力
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师周冬林在乌干达旅行期间拍摄山地大猩猩，并通过摄影作品唤起人们对自然保护的意识。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales．If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts，they will come to love animals．This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature，’ Zhou says．”可知，周冬林通过摄影分享野生动物的故事是为了让观众参与到自然保护中来。故选C。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据第三段中“Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013．She realized she had been struggling to be a straight A student to please her parents．‘I was too busy to try to figure out what I want，’ she says．”可知，之前周冬林忙于取悦父母而忽视自我需求，车祸后她意识到应关注自身生活的意义，即关注生活的重要性。故选A。]
3．B [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Additionally，Zhou held a personal photography exhibition，with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts．”可知，周冬林举办个人摄影展的所有收益都用于自然保护工作。故proceeds的意思是“收益”。故选B。]
4．A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However，when it comes to follow up actions，I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures．”可知，周冬林认为，未来的行动最重要的是各组织的有效参与。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，沿海城市的光污染会诱导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵，这大大降低了珊瑚卵的受精成功率和珊瑚的存活率。这一发现进一步证明了光污染的危害。因此，作者呼吁减少光污染。
5．A [词义猜测题。根据第一段中“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans，it has done much harm to the natural world．”可知，电灯的出现对人类来说是一个福音。画线词的词义与harm相反，与blessing最接近。故选A。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据第二至四段，尤其是第二段中“Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce．”可知，夜间人造灯光会误导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵。故选B。]
7．B [细节理解题。根据第五段中“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years．”可知，珊瑚很可能会灭绝，这令研究人员担忧。故选B。]
8．D [写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans...contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations，and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it．”和最后一段内容可知，本文旨在呼吁采取行动减少光污染。故选D。](共49张PPT)
专题一 阅读四选一
第四讲 词义猜测题
第一部分 题型突破
核心技巧 凭借上下文语境，逻辑关系，语法关系或构词法，猜测词义易如反掌
典例 做真题·悟考法
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读理解C篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇议论文。作者认为印刷文本比电子类文本更有利于学习。
深度解析：
28．D [词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句可知，当阅读几百字或更多文字的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上更成功。画线短语所在句句意为：当实验者从完成简单的任务(如确定阅读段落的主要思想)到需要抽象思想的任务(如从文本中推断)时，印刷文本阅读的益处尤为明显。由此可知，shine though表示“表现出来，容易注意到”。故选D。]
29．A [细节理解题。根据第四段中“According to this theory，people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media，which are often not so serious，and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print．”可知，这个“假说”认为：人们接触数字文本时，心态与处理方式往往与不那么严肃的社交媒体相似，他们投入的精力也较少。故选A。]
30．A [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Audio and video can feel more engaging than text”可知，因为音频和视频比文本更吸引人，所以大学老师使用越来越多的音频和视频。故选A。]
31．C [推理判断题。最后一段中However后面的内容是作者要强调的内容。作者认为：为了最大限度地进行需要集中注意力和反思的学习，教育者不应该假设所有媒体都是一样的，即使它们包含相同的内容。作者还是强调印刷书籍的作用不可替代。故选C。]
Word Bank：
1．comprehension n．理解(力)
2．effective adj．有效的
3．concentration n．专注，注意力
4．tendency n．趋势，倾向
5．consume v．消费，使用
6．generally adv．通常，普遍地
7．mental adj．精神的，心理的
8．property n．[生义]特性，性质
9．approach v．对待，处理
10．assign v．布置，分配
11．identical adj．完全同样的
12．maximize v．充分利用，最大限度地利用
13．reflection n．思考，反思
14．relate to 与……相关
15．a variety of 各种各样的
16．a large amount of 大量的
17．turn to 求助于，转向
18．instead of 代替，而不是
应用 模拟练·提能力
(2025·福建龙岩二模)Zhou Donglin is traveling during Spring Festival in Uganda，attempting to capture precious images of mountain gorillas through her lens (镜头)．
(一)
语篇类型 记叙文 主题语境 人与自我之摄影
“I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales．If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts，they will come to love animals．This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature，” Zhou says．In December，Zhou's photography work stood out from the more than 37，600 nature-themed image and video submissions from across the world．
Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013．She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents．“I was too busy to try to figure out what I want，” she says．
With her MBA background，Zhou says it's key to pick up a wealth of knowledge about animals before getting into the field．“Nature photographers often use extremely long lenses，which are very heavy，and hiking in the wilderness requires a lot of physical strength，” Zhou says．Endurance is also key—being able to handle hunger，dirt and sometimes thirst．
The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals，motivating her to call attention to their protection．
In 2019，she worked with ornithologist (鸟类学家) Lin Qingxian from Xiamen University to set up Seeking Wild，a non-profit organization committed to raising public awareness of wildlife conservation through field research，rescue efforts，and ecological photography．Additionally，Zhou held a personal photography exhibition，with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts．
“The images are more a source of materials for wildlife conservation，as what the eye sees is the most direct and visually impactful，” Zhou explains of the establishment of Seeking Wild．“However，when it comes to follow-up actions，I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了摄影师周冬林在乌干达旅行期间拍摄山地大猩猩，并通过摄影作品唤起人们对自然保护的意识。
1．Why does Zhou share the stories of wildlife through photography
A．To win international awards．
B．To develop a career in ecology．
C．To engage audiences in nature protection．
D．To stimulate audiences' interest in animals．
√
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘I enjoy exploring animal communities and have tried to tell their tales．If these stories can move the audience and touch their hearts，they will come to love animals．This love will correspondingly inspire them to protect nature，’ Zhou says．”可知，周冬林通过摄影分享野生动物的故事是为了让观众参与到自然保护中来。故选C。]
2．What did Zhou realize after a car accident
A．The importance of putting life in focus．
B．The need to improve photographic skills．
C．The urgency of building a strong body．
D．The pride in being an outstanding student．
√
A [推理判断题。根据第三段中“Zhou started reflecting on the meaning of life when she was bound to bed for six months following a car crash in 2013．She realized she had been struggling to be a straight-A student to please her parents．‘I was too busy to try to figure out what I want，’ she says．”可知，之前周冬林忙于取悦父母而忽视自我需求，车祸后她意识到应关注自身生活的意义，即关注生活的重要性。故选A。]
3．What does the underlined word “proceeds” in paragraph 6 refer to
A．Donations． B．Profits．
C．Works． D．Resources．
√
B [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Additionally，Zhou held a personal photography exhibition，with all proceeds going to natural conservation efforts．”可知，周冬林举办个人摄影展的所有收益都用于自然保护工作。故proceeds的意思是“收益”。故选B。]
4．According to Zhou，what is the most essential for future actions
A．Groups' effective engagement．
B．Public conservation awareness．
C．More exhibitions of wildlife images．
D．Establishment of more organizations．
√
A [细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However，when it comes to follow-up actions，I believe it requires the involvement of organizations that can institute practical measures．”可知，周冬林认为，未来的行动最重要的是各组织的有效参与。故选A。]
(2025·安徽蚌埠二模)In the history of life on Earth，organisms have relied on the light of the sun，the moon and stars to find their way and schedule their lives．While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans，it has done much harm to the natural world．Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN)，light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与自然之光污染
terrible consequences，contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations，and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it．
Now，a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another finding about how ALAN is affecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁)：Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning (产卵) outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce．
Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations，researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs．
Corals release eggs on certain nights of the year，guided by lunar cycles．If corals are spawning on different nights，inspired to do so by the confusion of light pollution，it could reduce the likelihood of coral eggs being fertilized and surviving to produce new adult corals that help reefs to recover．
“Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically important ecosystems on the planet．Mass bleaching (白化) events caused by climate change，habitat destruction，fisheries，water pollution and other disturbances have reduced coral reefs substantially since the 1950s，” these worried researchers write．“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years．”
“If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing，we can delay switching on night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise that guides spawning remains complete，” says lead author Dr．Thomas Davies．
Obviously，light pollution is one of the least complicated pollution sources to fix．Solving plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will take a humanity-wide sea change to fix，but light pollution？We just need to turn off the lights when necessary．That can make a significant difference to the natural world．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，沿海城市的光污染会诱导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵，这大大降低了珊瑚卵的受精成功率和珊瑚的存活率。这一发现进一步证明了光污染的危害。因此，作者呼吁减少光污染。
5．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 1 most probably mean
A．Blessing． B．Demonstration．
C．Trend． D．Crisis．
√
A [词义猜测题。根据第一段中“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans，it has done much harm to the natural world．”可知，电灯的出现对人类来说是一个福音。画线词的词义与harm相反，与blessing最接近。故选A。]
6．How does ALAN affect corals
A．It blinds new adult corals．
B．It misleads them into spawning．
C．It keeps them from reproducing．
D．It encourages coral egg hunting．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第二至四段，尤其是第二段中“Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce．”可知，夜间人造灯光会误导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵。故选B。]
7．Why do the researchers feel worried
A．Corals are exposed to moonlight．
B．Corals are likely to become extinct．
C．Corals have lost their ecological value．
D．Corals cause disturbances to fisheries．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第五段中“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years．”可知，珊瑚很可能会灭绝，这令研究人员担忧。故选B。]
8．What is the main purpose of the text
A．To analyze the impact of human activity．
B．To emphasize the significant role of corals．
C．To reveal the root sources of corals' decline．
D．To call for action to reduce light pollution．
√
D [写作意图题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans...contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations，and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it．”和最后一段内容可知，本文旨在呼吁采取行动减少光污染。故选D。]
词句积累
(一)
高频词汇 1．submission n．提交的作品(尤指参赛作品)
2．crash n．碰撞；(汽车)事故
3．endurance n．耐力；持久力
4．capture v．捕捉；拍摄
5．institute v．制定；建立
6．precious adj．珍贵的
7．correspondingly adv．相应地
熟词生义 bound (生)adj．卧床不起的 (熟)adj．可能的
重点短语 1．stand out from 从……中脱颖而出
2．reflect on反思
3．pick up a wealth of knowledge 学习大量知识
4．give rise to 引起；导致
5．call attention to引起对……的关注
6．commit to 致力于；投身于
难句分析 The years Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife have not just given rise to tens of thousands of valuable images but endeared her to the animals，motivating her to call attention to their protection．
分析：本句为主从复合句。Zhou has spent capturing nature and wildlife为定语从句，修饰the years。motivating her to call attention to their protection是动词-ing形式短语作结果状语。
难句分析 译文：周冬林花费多年拍摄自然和野生动物，这不仅催生了数万张珍贵影像，也让她深受动物喜爱，促使她呼吁人们保护它们。
(二)
高频词汇 1．emergence n．出现
2．emission n．排放(物)
3．expose v．使暴露；使接触
4．substantially adv．非常；大大地
熟词生义 1．schedule (生)v．调节(生物钟) (熟) n．时间表
2．trick (生)v．欺骗 (熟)n．诡计，玩笑
重点短语 1．contribute to 导致；促成
2．switch on/off 打开/关闭(灯光等)
3．make a difference 产生影响；起作用
难句分析 Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations，researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs．
难句分析 分析：本句为主从复合句。Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations为动词-ing形式短语作状语；that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs为that引导的宾语从句；exposed to ALAN为过去分词短语作定语。
译文：通过结合光污染数据和产卵观察，研究人员首次能够证明，暴露于夜间人造光的珊瑚比未受光照的珊瑚产卵时间提前1至3天，且更接近满月时间。
谢 谢！
