第五讲 代词指代题
核心技巧 就近原则找指代，替换核实再比较
(2025·全国二卷阅读理解B篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Kathy Ho在开设在儿童医院中的学校里充当的角色，以及这所学校如何帮助患者在住院期间心怀梦想，继续学习。
深度解析：
24．A [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Kathy Ho在儿童医院授课。再根据第二段第一句中的“about 500 LPCH patients also become students”可知，Ho教的学生就是医院中生病的孩子。故A项正确。]
25．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中Ho对自己工作的描述“I'm a coach，an adviser，and a comforter，and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher．”可知，Ho既是教练，又是导师和安慰者，由此可见，Ho在工作中要扮演很多不同的角色。故D项正确。]
26．C [代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids”和下一句“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork．”可知，it指代的是一种会让学生感到老师不关注他们学业的行为。结合上文中的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead．”可知，有些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，这种行为会让孩子们觉得老师不关注他们的学业，故C项应该是it指代的具体内容。故C项正确。]
27．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中Good所说的“It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life．Those kids have dreams．School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow．”可知，医院学校让生病的孩子们拥有充实的生活，给他们提供了学习和成长的途径，让孩子们的梦想得以延续。由此可见，Good认为医院学校给孩子们带来的好处就是让他们能够带着希望生活。故B项正确。]
Word Bank：
1．recover v．康复，恢复健康
2．increasingly adv．越来越多地
3．component n．组成部分，成分
4．priority n．优先处理的事，当务之急
5．be free of 没有，摆脱
6．come first 处于最重要地位
7．be scared about 对……感到害怕
8．at any given time 在任何时候，随时
9．keep up with 并驾齐驱，跟上
10．keep...alive使……保持活力
(一)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与自然之雪
(2025·福建厦门二模)Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days—that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating．But there are also plenty of reasons why snow can appeal to people without that fond nostalgia (怀旧)．
Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world．For example，freshly fallen snow is porous (多孔的) enough to absorb sound well，making the world quieter．And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight．One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months．“A lot of people really struggle with winter darkness as much as they struggle with the cold，” says Leibowitz，who has written a book about mental health in winter．“The brightening effect of the snow，I think，is really powerful．”
Snow changes the very shape of the world people see around them，Leibowitz says，pointing to the way a fresh blanket of it hides and yet reveals the surroundings．“Things that you look at every day suddenly can appear very different，” she says．
In the right conditions，snow can be fascinating．But for certain people，the same weather can become the very opposite：annoying，exhausting or depressing．Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so．“It's such a clear visual reminder that we're in a different season that perhaps it inspires people to respond more adaptively，” she says．
But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation (降水) and face nothing but cold rain．“There are a lot of places in the world that are right on this borderline where the difference of a couple of degrees of warming is the difference between a white，snowy winter...and a gray，rainy winter，” Leibowitz says．“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow．”
1．What does the underlined word “one” refer to in paragraph 1
A．A reminder． B．A surprise．
C．A day． D．A snowball．
2．How does snow change our experience of the world
A．By making musical sounds．
B．By increasing the cold of winter．
C．By exercising our sense of sight．
D．By offering a new look of the world．
3．What is Leibowitz's suggestion to snow haters
A．Searching for visual cues．
B．Ignoring negative emotions．
C．Adjusting to seasonal changes．
D．Cleaning unpleasant surroundings．
4．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Express concern for snow loss．
B．Make predictions of climate change．
C．Present reasons for increased rainfall．
D．Summarize consequences of cold rain．
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与自然之蜜蜂
(2025·贵州贵阳一模)Bees are more than just honey-makers，they are essential pollinators (传粉者) that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops．Bees are among the most diverse and plentiful insects on Earth，with over 20，000 species worldwide．They belong to the order Hymenoptera (膜翅目昆虫)，which also includes wasps，ants，and sawflies．
Bees have evolved to feed on nectar (花蜜) and pollen from flowers，and in doing so，they transfer pollen from one flower to another，enabling fertilization (受精) and reproduction．This process，called pollination，is essential for the survival of many plants，especially those that produce fruits，nuts，seeds，and vegetables that we eat．
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)，bees and other pollinators affect 35% of global agricultural land，supporting the production of 87% of the leading food crops worldwide．
Pollination also enhances the quality and quantity of the crops，as well as their resistance to pests and diseases．Without bees and other pollinators，our food supply and our biodiversity would be at risk．
Unfortunately，bees are facing many threats，such as habitat loss，pesticide use，climate change，diseases，and invasive species．The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate (脊椎动物) pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators，such as bees，are facing extinction．This could have serious consequences for our food security，our livelihoods，and our environment．
Therefore，it is important to protect the bees and their habitats，and to raise awareness about their role and value．
One way to appreciate and support the bees is to learn how to identify them and observe their behaviour．You might be surprised by the diversity and beauty of the bees that visit your backyard，garden，or balcony．
5．Why are pollinators important
A．They help the bees fertilize．
B．They keep the crops diverse．
C．They support the bees to make honey．
D．They protect insects such as wasps．
6．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．How pollination works．
B．How the flowers attract bees．
C．How the bees reproduce．
D．How the plants produce fruits．
7．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 5 probably refer to
A．Climate change．
B．Pesticide use．
C．Pollinators' survival crisis．
D．Bees' habitat loss．
8．Which would be the best title for the text
A．A duty：Protect Bees' Habitat
B．A Means：Observe Bees' Behaviour
C．Bees：Maintainers of the Ecosystem
D．Bees：Consumers at the Top of the Food Chain
(一)
高频词汇 1．absorb v．吸收(声音、光等) 2．reveal v．展现；揭示 3．unfold v．发展；展开(文中指气候变化加剧) 4．freshly adv．刚刚；新近
熟词生义 1．blanket (生) n．一层覆盖物 (熟) n．毯子 2．magical (生)adj．迷人的，神奇的 (熟) adj．魔法的
重点短语 1．struggle with 与…… 作斗争；苦于 2．point to 指出；指向 3．take inspiration from 从…… 中获得灵感
难句分析 Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days—that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating． 分析：本句为主从复合句。when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one...为when引导的时间状语从句；that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating为that引导的定语从句。 译文：雪能唤起人们对童年雪日的深刻记忆——当又一个本该枯坐教室的上学日，突然变成打雪仗或滑冰的欢乐时光，那种惊喜感至今难忘。
(二)
高频词汇 1．agricultural adj．农业的 2．resistance n．抵抗力 3．extinction n．灭绝，消亡 4．diversity n．多样性
熟词生义 order (生) n．(动植物)目 (熟) v．命令；点(酒菜等)
重点短语 1．at risk处于危险中 2．be surprised by对……感到惊讶
难句分析 This process，called pollination，is essential for the survival of many plants，especially those that produce fruits，nuts，seeds，and vegetables that we eat． 分析：本句为主从复合句。called pollination为过去分词短语作定语，that produce fruits，nuts，seeds，and vegetables和that we eat都是that引导的定语从句。 译文：这个过程被称为授粉，对许多植物的生存至关重要，尤其是那些生产我们吃的水果、坚果、种子和蔬菜的植物。
第五讲 代词指代题
应用模拟练·提能力
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雪能唤起人们对童年的回忆，改变人们对世界的体验。作者还建议人们要适应季节变化，并表达了其对因气候变化雪减少的担忧。
1．C [代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“...when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating．”可知，one是代词，与“another expected day”词义相关，结合其后定语从句“that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating”可推知，one指的是“充满打雪仗或滑冰的一天”，即a day。故选C。]
2．D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world．For example，freshly fallen snow is porous enough to absorb sound well，making the world quieter．And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight．One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months．”可知，雪改变了我们对世界的物理体验，即通过呈现世界的新面貌改变了我们对世界的体验。故选D。]
3．C [细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the right conditions，snow can be fascinating．But for certain people，the same weather can become the very opposite：annoying，exhausting or depressing．Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so．”可知，莱博维茨给讨厌雪的人的建议是去适应季节变化。故选C。]
4．A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation and face nothing but cold rain．”和“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow．”可推知，作者在最后一段表达了对雪减少的担忧。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂不仅作为蜂蜜制造者，更是至关重要的传粉者，对于维护生态系统平衡、丰富农作物多样性起着不可或缺的作用，同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及对其保护的紧迫性。
5．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bees are more than just honey makers，they are essential pollinators that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops．”可知，传粉昆虫很重要是因为它们在维持生态系统平衡和农作物多样性方面至关重要。故选B。]
6．A [段落大意题。根据第二段“Bees have evolved to feed on nectar and pollen from flowers...especially those that produce fruits，nuts，seeds，and vegetables that we eat．”可知，第二段主要介绍蜜蜂通过取食花蜜和花粉进行传粉，从而帮助植物受精和繁殖的过程，即“传粉是如何运作的”。故选A。]
7．C [代词指代题。根据第五段的“The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators，such as bees，are facing extinction．”可知，蜜蜂和其他传粉者面临灭绝的危机，“这种危机”可能导致严重的后果，因此，“This”指代的是“传粉者生存危机”。故选C。]
8．C [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Bees are more than just honey makers...．Bees are among the most diverse and plentiful insects on Earth，with over 20，000 species worldwide．”以及倒数第二段“Therefore，it is important to protect the bees and their habitats，and to raise awareness about their role and value．”可知，文章主要围绕蜜蜂作为生态系统维护者的核心角色展开，论述了其传粉功能对农业生产、生物多样性和环境稳定性的重大意义，同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及对其保护的紧迫性。所以“蜜蜂：生态系统维护者”适合作本文的标题。故选C。](共46张PPT)
专题一 阅读四选一
第五讲 代词指代题
第一部分 题型突破
核心技巧 就近原则找指代，替换核实再比较
典例 做真题·悟考法
(2025·全国二卷阅读理解B篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Kathy Ho在开设在儿童医院中的学校里充当的角色，以及这所学校如何帮助患者在住院期间心怀梦想，继续学习。
深度解析：
24．A [细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，Kathy Ho在儿童医院授课。再根据第二段第一句中的“about 500 LPCH patients also become students”可知，Ho教的学生就是医院中生病的孩子。故A项正确。]
25．D [细节理解题。根据第三段中Ho对自己工作的描述“I'm a coach，an adviser，and a comforter，and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher．”可知，Ho既是教练，又是导师和安慰者，由此可见，Ho在工作中要扮演很多不同的角色。故D项正确。]
26．C [代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids”和下一句“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork．”可知，it指代的是一种会让学生感到老师不关注他们学业的行为。结合上文中的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments；they express sympathy instead．”可知，有些老师不给孩子们布置任何作业，这种行为会让孩子们觉得老师不关注他们的学业，故C项应该是it指代的具体内容。故C项正确。]
27．B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中Good所说的“It's about problem-solving around what it means to have a full life．Those kids have dreams．School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow．”可知，医院学校让生病的孩子们拥有充实的生活，给他们提供了学习和成长的途径，让孩子们的梦想得以延续。由此可见，Good认为医院学校给孩子们带来的好处就是让他们能够带着希望生活。故B项正确。]
Word Bank：
1．recover v．康复，恢复健康
2．increasingly adv．越来越多地
3．component n．组成部分，成分
4．priority n．优先处理的事，当务之急
5．be free of 没有，摆脱
6．come first 处于最重要地位
7．be scared about 对……感到害怕
8．at any given time 在任何时候，随时
9．keep up with 并驾齐驱，跟上
10．keep...alive使……保持活力
应用 模拟练·提能力
(2025·福建厦门二模)Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days—that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating．But there are also plenty of reasons why snow can appeal to people without that fond nostalgia (怀旧)．
(一)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与自然之雪
Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world．For example，freshly fallen snow is porous (多孔的) enough to absorb sound well，making the world quieter．And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight．One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months．“A lot of people really struggle with winter darkness as much as they struggle with the cold，” says Leibowitz，who has written a book about mental health in winter．“The brightening effect of the snow，I think，is really powerful．”
Snow changes the very shape of the world people see around them，Leibowitz says，pointing to the way a fresh blanket of it hides and yet reveals the surroundings．“Things that you look at every day suddenly can appear very different，” she says．
In the right conditions，snow can be fascinating．But for certain people，the same weather can become the very opposite：annoying，exhausting or depressing．Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so．“It's such a clear visual reminder that we're in a different season that perhaps it inspires people to respond more adaptively，” she says．
But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation (降水) and face nothing but cold rain．“There are a lot of places in the world that are right on this borderline where the difference of a couple of degrees of warming is the difference between a white，snowy winter...and a gray，rainy winter，” Leibowitz says．“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雪能唤起人们对童年的回忆，改变人们对世界的体验。作者还建议人们要适应季节变化，并表达了其对因气候变化雪减少的担忧。
1．What does the underlined word “one” refer to in paragraph 1
A．A reminder． B．A surprise．
C．A day． D．A snowball．
√
C [代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“...when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating．”可知，one是代词，与“another expected day”词义相关，结合其后定语从句“that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating”可推知，one指的是“充满打雪仗或滑冰的一天”，即a day。故选C。]
2．How does snow change our experience of the world
A．By making musical sounds．
B．By increasing the cold of winter．
C．By exercising our sense of sight．
D．By offering a new look of the world．
√
D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Snow quite literally changes our physical experience of the world．For example，freshly fallen snow is porous enough to absorb sound well，making the world quieter．And it plays even more strongly on our sense of sight．One aspect of that visual appeal is the way snow reflects light in the darker months．”可知，雪改变了我们对世界的物理体验，即通过呈现世界的新面貌改变了我们对世界的体验。故选D。]
3．What is Leibowitz's suggestion to snow haters
A．Searching for visual cues．
B．Ignoring negative emotions．
C．Adjusting to seasonal changes．
D．Cleaning unpleasant surroundings．
√
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中“In the right conditions，snow can be fascinating．But for certain people，the same weather can become the very opposite：annoying，exhausting or depressing．Leibowitz recommends welcoming changing seasons，taking inspiration from the long nights and cold days—and argues that snow can be a helpful cue to do so．”可知，莱博维茨给讨厌雪的人的建议是去适应季节变化。故选C。]
4．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph
A．Express concern for snow loss．
B．Make predictions of climate change．
C．Present reasons for increased rainfall．
D．Summarize consequences of cold rain．
√
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But as climate change continues to unfold，some historically snowy areas will lose the most magical precipitation and face nothing but cold rain．”和“I think there's a lot that is lost when we lose the cold and when we lose the snow．”可推知，作者在最后一段表达了对雪减少的担忧。故选A。]
(2025·贵州贵阳一模)Bees are more than just honey-makers，they are essential pollinators (传粉者) that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops．Bees are among the most diverse and plentiful insects on Earth，with over 20，000 species worldwide．They belong to the order Hymenoptera (膜翅目昆虫)，which also includes wasps，ants，and sawflies．
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与自然之蜜蜂
Bees have evolved to feed on nectar (花蜜) and pollen from flowers，and in doing so，they transfer pollen from one flower to another，enabling fertilization (受精) and reproduction．This process，called pollination，is essential for the survival of many plants，especially those that produce fruits，nuts，seeds，and vegetables that we eat．
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)，bees and other pollinators affect 35% of global agricultural land，supporting the production of 87% of the leading food crops worldwide．
Pollination also enhances the quality and quantity of the crops，as well as their resistance to pests and diseases．Without bees and other pollinators，our food supply and our biodiversity would be at risk．
Unfortunately，bees are facing many threats，such as habitat loss，pesticide use，climate change，diseases，and invasive species．The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate (脊椎动物) pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators，such as bees，are facing extinction．This could have serious consequences for our food security，our livelihoods，and our environment．
Therefore，it is important to protect the bees and their habitats，and to raise awareness about their role and value．
One way to appreciate and support the bees is to learn how to identify them and observe their behaviour．You might be surprised by the diversity and beauty of the bees that visit your backyard，garden，or balcony．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了蜜蜂不仅作为蜂蜜制造者，更是至关重要的传粉者，对于维护生态系统平衡、丰富农作物多样性起着不可或缺的作用，同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及对其保护的紧迫性。
5．Why are pollinators important
A．They help the bees fertilize．
B．They keep the crops diverse．
C．They support the bees to make honey．
D．They protect insects such as wasps．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Bees are more than just honey-makers，they are essential pollinators that help maintain the balance of our ecosystems and the diversity of our crops．”可知，传粉昆虫很重要是因为它们在维持生态系统平衡和农作物多样性方面至关重要。故选B。]
6．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．How pollination works．
B．How the flowers attract bees．
C．How the bees reproduce．
D．How the plants produce fruits．
√
A [段落大意题。根据第二段“Bees have evolved to feed on nectar and pollen from flowers...especially those that produce fruits，nuts，seeds，and vegetables that we eat．”可知，第二段主要介绍蜜蜂通过取食花蜜和花粉进行传粉，从而帮助植物受精和繁殖的过程，即“传粉是如何运作的”。故选A。]
7．What does the underlined word “This” in paragraph 5 probably refer to
A．Climate change．
B．Pesticide use．
C．Pollinators' survival crisis．
D．Bees' habitat loss．
√
C [代词指代题。根据第五段的“The FAO estimates that 16.5% of vertebrate pollinators and 40% of invertebrate pollinators，such as bees，are facing extinction．”可知，蜜蜂和其他传粉者面临灭绝的危机，“这种危机”可能导致严重的后果，因此，“This”指代的是“传粉者生存危机”。故选C。]
8．Which would be the best title for the text
A．A duty：Protect Bees' Habitat
B．A Means：Observe Bees' Behaviour
C．Bees：Maintainers of the Ecosystem
D．Bees：Consumers at the Top of the Food Chain
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C [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Bees are more than just honey-makers....Bees are among the most diverse and plentiful insects on Earth，with over 20，000 species worldwide．”以及倒数第二段“Therefore，it is important to protect the bees and their habitats，and to raise awareness about their role and value．”可知，文章主要围绕蜜蜂作为生态系统维护者的核心角色展开，论述了其传粉功能对农业生产、生物多样性和环境稳定性的重大意义，同时指出蜜蜂面临的生存挑战及对其保护的紧迫性。所以“蜜蜂：生态系统维护者”适合作本文的标题。故选C。]
词句积累
(一)
高频词汇 1．absorb v．吸收(声音、光等)
2．reveal v．展现；揭示
3．unfold v．发展；展开(文中指气候变化加剧)
4．freshly adv．刚刚；新近
熟词生义 1．blanket (生) n．一层覆盖物 (熟) n．毯子
2．magical (生)adj．迷人的，神奇的 (熟) adj．魔法的
重点短语 1．struggle with 与…… 作斗争；苦于
2．point to 指出；指向
3．take inspiration from 从…… 中获得灵感
难句分析 Snow can be a powerful reminder of childhood snow days—that joyful surprise when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating．
分析：本句为主从复合句。when another expected day of sitting in school turned into one...为when引导的时间状语从句；that was instead filled with snowball fights or skating为that引导的定语从句。
难句分析 译文：雪能唤起人们对童年雪日的深刻记忆——当又一个本该枯坐教室的上学日，突然变成打雪仗或滑冰的欢乐时光，那种惊喜感至今难忘。
(二)
高频词汇 1．agricultural adj．农业的
2．resistance n．抵抗力
3．extinction n．灭绝，消亡
4．diversity n．多样性
熟词生义 order (生) n．(动植物)目 (熟) v．命令；点(酒菜等)
重点短语 1．at risk处于危险中
2．be surprised by对……感到惊讶
难句分析 This process，called pollination，is essential for the survival of many plants，especially those that produce fruits，nuts，seeds，and vegetables that we eat．
分析：本句为主从复合句。called pollination为过去分词短语作定语，that produce fruits，nuts，seeds，and vegetables和that we eat都是that引导的定语从句。
译文：这个过程被称为授粉，对许多植物的生存至关重要，尤其是那些生产我们吃的水果、坚果、种子和蔬菜的植物。
谢 谢！
