第六讲 段落大意题
核心技巧 串联各句内容，提炼段落主旨
(2025·全国二卷阅读理解D篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纽约的一家餐厅Blue Hill为了提高人们对食物浪费的意识，通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳肴，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续发展理念，为解决可持续发展问题提供了一个参考。
深度解析：
32．A [推理判断题。根据第一段中“the phrase‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time”可知，作者在南非长大，在那里“非洲有孩子在挨饿”这句话与其说是在晚餐时的祷告，不如说是一种提醒，使人想起令人不安的事实。据此可以推断，作者小时候亲眼见证过食物短缺。故A项正确。]
33．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste．”可知，Blue Hill进行这项实验的目的是提高人们关于食物浪费的意识。故B项正确。]
34．C [段落大意题。根据第五段中“none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage”可知，wastED菜单上的东西不是由废料制作的；再由下文中“all the ingredients used were examples of meat cuts..．turned into excellent cuisine”可知，使用的所有配料都是大多数餐厅决不会考虑提供的肉块和农产品，这些食材经过重新利用并在一些优秀厨师的帮助下被转化为美味佳肴。由此可知，本段主要讲述的是wastED菜单上的菜肴是由什么制成的。故C项正确。]
35．A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews，it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment；Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu．”可知，尽管wastED收到了热情的评论，但这从一开始设计的就是一个短暂的实验，而Blue Hill在实验结束后又回到了它的常规菜单。据此可以推断，wastED按原定计划实施完毕。故A项正确。]
Word Bank：
1．soul n．灵魂
2．starve v．挨饿
3．generate v．产生
4．recycle v．回收利用
5．enthusiastic adj．热情的
6．sustainability n．可持续性
7．a growing concern日益增长的担忧
8．supply chain供应链
9．be tailor-made to do sth．为做某事而特制，专门设计做某事
10．raise awareness 提高意识
11．be made from由……制成
12．address problems 解决问题
(一)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之过度旅游
(2025·山东青岛、淄博二模)In many parts of the world，the volume of tourists has gone way beyond capacity point．Overtourism，as it's known，is now so widespread that many communities are pushing back．The activists on Tenerife staged a hunger strike against the building of new tourist projects threatening local water resources．Similarly，Greek communities initiated the “towel movement” resisting the privatization of coastal spaces that displaced local traditional fishing．
When you see so many people protesting so widely，it tells you that the balance has been lost．The idea that most people benefit from tourism is no longer so clear．Symptoms of overtourism range from everyday problems，such as locals being priced out of restaurants，to deeper issues like the corporate takeover of affordable housing，which has caused widespread public anger．“At the most insignificant level，overtourism makes visiting places less pleasant for those visiting，” says Adrian Phillips，managing director of Bradt Travel Guides．“Most of us would prefer to appreciate St Mark's Square in Venice without having to compete for space．Besides，it can damage the local landscape，put pressure on local facilities，bend and change traditional culture．”
Thailand's historic city of Chiang Mai has intensified enforcement of temple dress codes，alongside cultural training for guides assisting international visitors，which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism，putting pressure on its culture．The Indonesian island of Bali is also seeing pushback against the rapid-fire expansion of tourism，with hotlines set up to report inappropriate behaviour by foreigners．
In the long run，the key solution to reducing overtourism is to champion the advantages of the many wonderful spots away from the most heavily-visited tourist sites and encourage people to spread their tourist dollars more widely．Rather than set limits on the number of visitors or fine people for visiting famous landmarks，stakeholders should give full attention to the meaningful experiences，fair economic benefits，and sustainable practices that come with exploring alternatives．
1．Why did people in Tenerife and Greece protest
A．To increase income from tourism．
B．To improve local service facilities．
C．To safeguard the interests of locals．
D．To prevent environmental destruction．
2．What does Adrian Phillips think of overtourism
A．It can be more than inconvenient．
B．It reflects tourists' psychological needs．
C．It can be managed through better planning．
D．It is a necessary stage in economic development．
3．What does paragraph 3 focus on
A．Plans to drive tourism growth．
B．Efforts to develop local attractions．
C．Approaches to cultural preservation．
D．Responses to overtourism challenges．
4．Who might the underlined word “stakeholders” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Tourism officers．
B．Travel behaviour experts．
C．Eco-minded travelers．
D．Tourism investment analysts．
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之语言与文化传播
(2025·山东菏泽二模)When asked how he “chooses” words for a translation，Damion Searls，a famous translator，likens (比作) it to asking a reader how they “choose” what Mr．Darcy，the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice，looks like when reading it．Neither is so much a choice，he says，but a response shaped by the text．
Translating is some kind of reading and some kind of writing joined together．If you unpack what reading is，you're going to get most of the way to the philosophy of translation．According to Searls，translation isn't that different from other forms of writing in English．However，what distinguishes translation is the way translators read，a close reading that engages deeply with a language's structure．
When “reading like a translator，” Searls said he must identify which linguistic elements can be omitted in English and which are intentional stylistic choices by the author．When translating Uwe Johnson's novel，Anniversaries，for example，he noticed frequent “not this but that” constructions (“the train leaves at not 7：00 but 6：00”)，which are more common in German than in English．
While it would be easy to rephrase for smoother English，he realized Johnson used this pattern deliberately to express a personal vision．“We can't just erase it because it's not just the German language：It's him，the author，” Searls said．
Searls also described his process when approaching a new translation．He usually does a slow and precise first draft，which allows him to revise later versions without referring too much to the source material．“As much as you can avoid looking back at the original will help you direct your attention to：Does this sound like it should sound in English？”
When asked how to reach the point of feeling like a reader skilled enough to translate，Searls responded that while some believe mastering the source language is necessary for translation，he sees more nuance (细微差异)．Though he knows Norwegian well enough to translate the works of Jon Fosse，he wouldn't necessarily feel comfortable translating just any Norwegian book．
5．What was Searls' purpose in mentioning Mr．Darcy
A．To explain the word choice．
B．To analyze Mr．Darcy's roles．
C．To stress the text understanding．
D．To compare the different contexts．
6．What do we learn from Damion Searls' translation of Anniversaries
A．He keeps the author's unique language features．
B．He changes German expressions for smooth English．
C．He makes the translation simple with English structure．
D．He values the readability of the translated text over the author's style．
7．What does the last paragraph mainly convey
A．Translation is like reading．
B．Translation is a fine-tuning process．
C．Translation ends up with perfection．
D．Translation improves when mastered．
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．From Culture to Culture：Bridging the Meanings
B．The Choices of Word：A Translator's Perspective
C．From Reading to Translation：A Creative Process
D．The Art of Translation：Reading Between Languages
(一)
高频词汇 1．volume n．数量；容量 2．capacity n．承载能力；容量 3．facility n．设施 4．initiate v．发起；启动 5．displace v．取代；排挤 6．inappropriate adj．不适当的 7．sustainable adj．可持续的
熟词生义 1．stage (生) v．主办，举行 (熟) n．舞台 2．champion (生) v．支持；倡导 (熟) n．冠军
重点短语 1．benefit from...受益于…… 2．compete for...为……而竞争 3．put pressure on...对……施加压力 4．in the long run从长远来看
难句分析 Thailand's historic city of Chiang Mai has intensified enforcement of temple dress codes，alongside cultural training for guides assisting international visitors，which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism，putting pressure on its culture． 分析：本句为主从复合句。动词-ing形式短语assisting international visitors作定语，修饰guides；which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism为which引导的非限制性定语从句；动词-ing形式短语putting pressure on its culture作结果状语。 译文：泰国历史名城清迈已加强了对寺庙着装规范的执行，并为协助国际游客的导游提供文化培训，这是由于该市旅游业激增，对当地文化造成压力。
(二)
高频词汇 1．philosophy n．理念；哲学 2．draft n．草稿；初稿 3．unpack v．剖析；解读 4．omit v．省略；删去 5．rephrase v．重新表达；改写 6．intentional adj．有意的；刻意的 7．precise adj．精确的；细致的
熟词生义 close (生)adj．深入的，细致的 (熟) v．关闭，接近
重点短语 1．engage with 深入理解；参与 2．avoid doing sth．避免做某事
难句分析 When asked how he “chooses” words for a translation，Damion Searls，a famous translator，likens (比作) it to asking a reader how they “choose” what Mr．Darcy，the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice，looks like when reading it． 分析：本句为主从复合句。When asked how he “chooses” words for a translation为状语从句的省略；how he “chooses” words for a translation为how引导的宾语从句；how they“choose” what Mr．Darcy，the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice，looks like...为how引导的宾语从句，the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice作同位语；when reading it为状语从句的省略。 译文：当被问及如何为翻译 “选择” 词汇时，著名翻译家达米安·瑟尔斯将其比作问读者在阅读《傲慢与偏见》时如何 “选择” 主角达西先生的形象。
第六讲 段落大意题
应用模拟练·提能力
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度旅游的现象及解决方案。
1．C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“The activists on Tenerife staged a hunger strike against the building of new tourist projects threatening local water resources．Similarly，Greek communities initiated the ‘towel movement’ resisting the privatization of coastal spaces that displaced local traditional fishing．”可知，新旅游项目会威胁特内里费岛当地水资源，希腊沿海空间的私有化会取代当地的传统渔业，所以这两个地区的人抗议是为了捍卫当地人的利益。故选C。]
2．A [推理判断题。根据第二段中Adrian Phillips所说的话可知，Adrian Phillips认为过度旅游可能不仅仅导致不方便，它还会让游客感到不愉快，破坏当地景观，给当地设施带来压力，扭曲和改变传统文化。故选A。]
3．D [段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了泰国清迈和印尼巴厘岛应对过度旅游问题采取的措施，例如罚款和文化培训，这体现了对过度旅游挑战的回应。故选D。]
4．A [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，“限制游客数量或对参观著名地标的人罚款”以及“充分关注探索替代方案所带来的有意义的体验、公平的经济效益和可持续的实践”应是属于“旅游官员”的责任范畴。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了著名翻译家达米安·瑟尔斯对翻译的理解和他的翻译方法，包括如何阅读原文、处理语言结构以及翻译的过程等。
5．C [推理判断题。根据第一段“When asked how he ‘chooses’ words for a translation...he says，but a response shaped by the text．” 可推知，瑟尔斯提到达西先生是为了强调对文本的理解。故选C。]
6．A [细节理解题。根据第四段“While it would be easy to rephrase for smoother English，he realized Johnson used this pattern deliberately to express a personal vision．‘We can't just erase it because it's not just the German language：It's him，the author，’ Searls said．” 可知，在翻译《周年纪念日》时，瑟尔斯保留了作者独特的语言特征。故选A。]
7．B [段落大意题。根据最后一段“When asked how to reach the point of feeling like a reader skilled enough to translate，Searls responded that while some believe mastering the source language is necessary for translation，he sees more nuance．”可知，最后一段主要讲述了翻译是一个需要精细调整的过程。故选B。]
8．D [标题归纳题。本文主要围绕翻译家达米安·瑟尔斯对翻译的理解展开，讲述了翻译与阅读的关系，翻译时要注重对原文的理解，保留作者的语言特色，以及翻译是一个精细调整的过程等，强调了翻译是在不同语言之间进行阅读和理解的艺术。故选项 D“翻译的艺术：在语言之间阅读”为短文最佳标题。故选D。](共50张PPT)
专题一 阅读四选一
第六讲 段落大意题
第一部分 题型突破
核心技巧 串联各句内容，提炼段落主旨
典例 做真题·悟考法
(2025·全国二卷阅读理解D篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纽约的一家餐厅Blue Hill为了提高人们对食物浪费的意识，通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳肴，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续发展理念，为解决可持续发展问题提供了一个参考。
深度解析：
32．A [推理判断题。根据第一段中“the phrase‘there are children starving in Africa’ was more of an uncomfortable reminder of fact than a prayer at dinner time”可知，作者在南非长大，在那里“非洲有孩子在挨饿”这句话与其说是在晚餐时的祷告，不如说是一种提醒，使人想起令人不安的事实。据此可以推断，作者小时候亲眼见证过食物短缺。故A项正确。]
33．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste．”可知，Blue Hill进行这项实验的目的是提高人们关于食物浪费的意识。故B项正确。]
34．C [段落大意题。根据第五段中“none of the items on wastED's menu was technically made from garbage”可知，wastED菜单上的东西不是由废料制作的；再由下文中“all the ingredients used were examples of meat cuts...turned into excellent cuisine”可知，使用的所有配料都是大多数餐厅决不会考虑提供的肉块和农产品，这些食材经过重新利用并在一些优秀厨师的帮助下被转化为美味佳肴。由此可知，本段主要讲述的是wastED菜单上的菜肴是由什么制成的。故C项正确。]
35．A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Though wastED received enthusiastic reviews，it was designed from the start as a short-lived experiment；Blue Hill has since returned to its regular menu．”可知，尽管wastED收到了热情的评论，但这从一开始设计的就是一个短暂的实验，而Blue Hill在实验结束后又回到了它的常规菜单。据此可以推断，wastED按原定计划实施完毕。故A项正确。]
Word Bank：
1．soul n．灵魂
2．starve v．挨饿
3．generate v．产生
4．recycle v．回收利用
5．enthusiastic adj．热情的
6．sustainability n．可持续性
7．a growing concern日益增长的担忧
8．supply chain供应链
9．be tailor-made to do sth．为做某事而特制，专门设计做某事
10．raise awareness 提高意识
11．be made from由……制成
12．address problems 解决问题
应用 模拟练·提能力
(2025·山东青岛、淄博二模)In many parts of the world，the volume of tourists has gone way beyond capacity point．Overtourism，as it's known，is now so widespread that many communities are pushing back．The activists on Tenerife staged a hunger strike against
(一)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之过度旅游
the building of new tourist projects threatening local water resources．Similarly，Greek communities initiated the “towel movement” resisting the privatization of coastal spaces that displaced local traditional fishing．
When you see so many people protesting so widely，it tells you that the balance has been lost．The idea that most people benefit from tourism is no longer so clear．Symptoms of overtourism range from everyday problems，such as locals being priced out of restaurants，to deeper issues like the corporate takeover of affordable housing，which has caused widespread public anger．“At the most insignificant level，overtourism makes visiting places less pleasant for those visiting，”
says Adrian Phillips，managing director of Bradt Travel Guides．“Most of us would prefer to appreciate St Mark's Square in Venice without having to compete for space．Besides，it can damage the local landscape，put pressure on local facilities，bend and change traditional culture．”
Thailand's historic city of Chiang Mai has intensified enforcement of temple dress codes，alongside cultural training for guides assisting international visitors，which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism，putting pressure on its culture．The Indonesian island of Bali is also seeing pushback against the rapid-fire expansion of tourism，with hotlines set up to report inappropriate behaviour by foreigners．
In the long run，the key solution to reducing overtourism is to champion the advantages of the many wonderful spots away from the most heavily-visited tourist sites and encourage people to spread their tourist dollars more widely．Rather than set limits on the number of visitors or fine people for visiting famous landmarks，stakeholders should give full attention to the meaningful experiences，fair economic benefits，and sustainable practices that come with exploring alternatives．
1．Why did people in Tenerife and Greece protest
A．To increase income from tourism．
B．To improve local service facilities．
C．To safeguard the interests of locals．
D．To prevent environmental destruction．
√
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度旅游的现象及解决方案。
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中“The activists on Tenerife staged a hunger strike against the building of new tourist projects threatening local water resources．Similarly，Greek communities initiated the ‘towel movement’ resisting the privatization of coastal spaces that displaced local traditional fishing．”可知，新旅游项目会威胁特内里费岛当地水资源，希腊沿海空间的私有化会取代当地的传统渔业，所以这两个地区的人抗议是为了捍卫当地人的利益。故选C。]
2．What does Adrian Phillips think of overtourism
A．It can be more than inconvenient．
B．It reflects tourists' psychological needs．
C．It can be managed through better planning．
D．It is a necessary stage in economic development．
√
A [推理判断题。根据第二段中Adrian Phillips所说的话可知，Adrian Phillips认为过度旅游可能不仅仅导致不方便，它还会让游客感到不愉快，破坏当地景观，给当地设施带来压力，扭曲和改变传统文化。故选A。]
3．What does paragraph 3 focus on
A．Plans to drive tourism growth．
B．Efforts to develop local attractions．
C．Approaches to cultural preservation．
D．Responses to overtourism challenges．
√
D [段落大意题。第三段主要讲述了泰国清迈和印尼巴厘岛应对过度旅游问题采取的措施，例如罚款和文化培训，这体现了对过度旅游挑战的回应。故选D。]
4．Who might the underlined word “stakeholders” in the last paragraph refer to
A．Tourism officers．
B．Travel behaviour experts．
C．Eco-minded travelers．
D．Tourism investment analysts．
√
A [词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，“限制游客数量或对参观著名地标的人罚款”以及“充分关注探索替代方案所带来的有意义的体验、公平的经济效益和可持续的实践”应是属于“旅游官员”的责任范畴。故选A。]
(2025·山东菏泽二模)When asked how he “chooses” words for a translation，Damion Searls，a famous translator，likens (比作) it to asking a reader how they “choose” what Mr．Darcy，the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice，looks like when reading it．Neither is so much a choice，he says，but a response shaped by the text．
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之语言与文化传播
Translating is some kind of reading and some kind of writing joined together．If you unpack what reading is，you're going to get most of the way to the philosophy of translation．According to Searls，translation isn't that different from other forms of writing in English．However，what distinguishes translation is the way translators read，a close reading that engages deeply with a language's structure．
When “reading like a translator，” Searls said he must identify which linguistic elements can be omitted in English and which are intentional stylistic choices by the author．When translating Uwe Johnson's novel，Anniversaries，for example，he noticed frequent “not this but that” constructions (“the train leaves at not 7：00 but 6：00”)，which are more common in German than in English．
While it would be easy to rephrase for smoother English，he realized Johnson used this pattern deliberately to express a personal vision．“We can't just erase it because it's not just the German language：It's him，the author，” Searls said．
Searls also described his process when approaching a new translation．He usually does a slow and precise first draft，which allows him to revise later versions without referring too much to the source material．“As much as you can avoid looking back at the original will help you direct your attention to：Does this sound like it should sound in English？”
When asked how to reach the point of feeling like a reader skilled enough to translate，Searls responded that while some believe mastering the source language is necessary for translation，he sees more nuance (细微差异)．Though he knows Norwegian well enough to translate the works of Jon Fosse，he wouldn't necessarily feel comfortable translating just any Norwegian book．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了著名翻译家达米安·瑟尔斯对翻译的理解和他的翻译方法，包括如何阅读原文、处理语言结构以及翻译的过程等。
5．What was Searls' purpose in mentioning Mr．Darcy
A．To explain the word choice．
B．To analyze Mr．Darcy's roles．
C．To stress the text understanding．
D．To compare the different contexts．
√
C [推理判断题。根据第一段“When asked how he ‘chooses’ words for a translation...he says，but a response shaped by the text．” 可推知，瑟尔斯提到达西先生是为了强调对文本的理解。故选C。]
6．What do we learn from Damion Searls' translation of Anniversaries
A．He keeps the author's unique language features．
B．He changes German expressions for smooth English．
C．He makes the translation simple with English structure．
D．He values the readability of the translated text over the author's style．
√
A [细节理解题。根据第四段“While it would be easy to rephrase for smoother English，he realized Johnson used this pattern deliberately to express a personal vision．‘We can't just erase it because it's not just the German language：It's him，the author，’ Searls said．” 可知，在翻译《周年纪念日》时，瑟尔斯保留了作者独特的语言特征。故选A。]
7．What does the last paragraph mainly convey
A．Translation is like reading．
B．Translation is a fine-tuning process．
C．Translation ends up with perfection．
D．Translation improves when mastered．
√
B [段落大意题。根据最后一段“When asked how to reach the point of feeling like a reader skilled enough to translate，Searls responded that while some believe mastering the source language is necessary for translation，he sees more nuance．”可知，最后一段主要讲述了翻译是一个需要精细调整的过程。故选B。]
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．From Culture to Culture：Bridging the Meanings
B．The Choices of Word：A Translator's Perspective
C．From Reading to Translation：A Creative Process
D．The Art of Translation：Reading Between Languages
√
D [标题归纳题。本文主要围绕翻译家达米安·瑟尔斯对翻译的理解展开，讲述了翻译与阅读的关系，翻译时要注重对原文的理解，保留作者的语言特色，以及翻译是一个精细调整的过程等，强调了翻译是在不同语言之间进行阅读和理解的艺术。故选项 D“翻译的艺术：在语言之间阅读”为短文最佳标题。故选D。]
词句积累
(一)
高频词汇 1．volume n．数量；容量
2．capacity n．承载能力；容量
3．facility n．设施
4．initiate v．发起；启动
5．displace v．取代；排挤
6．inappropriate adj．不适当的
7．sustainable adj．可持续的
熟词生义 1．stage (生) v．主办，举行 (熟) n．舞台
2．champion (生) v．支持；倡导 (熟) n．冠军
重点短语 1．benefit from...受益于……
2．compete for...为……而竞争
3．put pressure on...对……施加压力
4．in the long run从长远来看
难句分析 Thailand's historic city of Chiang Mai has intensified enforcement of temple dress codes，alongside cultural training for guides assisting international visitors，which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism，putting pressure on its culture．
难句分析 分析：本句为主从复合句。动词-ing形式短语assisting international visitors作定语，修饰guides；which comes as the city experiences an explosion in tourism为which引导的非限制性定语从句；动词-ing形式短语putting pressure on its culture作结果状语。
译文：泰国历史名城清迈已加强了对寺庙着装规范的执行，并为协助国际游客的导游提供文化培训，这是由于该市旅游业激增，对当地文化造成压力。
(二)
高频词汇 1．philosophy n．理念；哲学
2．draft n．草稿；初稿
3．unpack v．剖析；解读
4．omit v．省略；删去
5．rephrase v．重新表达；改写
6．intentional adj．有意的；刻意的
7．precise adj．精确的；细致的
熟词生义 close (生)adj．深入的，细致的 (熟) v．关闭，接近
重点短语 1．engage with 深入理解；参与
2．avoid doing sth．避免做某事
难句分析 When asked how he “chooses” words for a translation，Damion Searls，a famous translator，likens (比作) it to asking a reader how they “choose” what Mr．Darcy，the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice，looks like when reading it．
难句分析 分析：本句为主从复合句。When asked how he “chooses” words for a translation为状语从句的省略；how he “chooses” words for a translation为how引导的宾语从句；how they“choose” what Mr．Darcy，the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice，looks like...为how引导的宾语从句，the main character in the novel Pride and Prejudice作同位语；when reading it为状语从句的省略。
难句分析 译文：当被问及如何为翻译 “选择” 词汇时，著名翻译家达米安·瑟尔斯将其比作问读者在阅读《傲慢与偏见》时如何 “选择” 主角达西先生的形象。
谢 谢！
