第八讲 主旨大意题
核心技巧 把握文章结构，提炼文章主旨
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解C篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种室内农场系统——Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)。该系统极大地缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离，依靠新技术实现了自动化管理和环保种植。
深度解析：
28．C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more．”可知，BMF大大缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离。C选项中“cuts...distance”与句中的“shortens”是同义替换。故选C项。]
29．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time．”可知，这个应用程序提供植物生长的实时数据。故选B项。]
30．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives．About half of them walk or bike to work...avoiding single-use plastic．‘We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment’”可推知，BMF的员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D项。]
31．A [主旨大意题。文章分别从可缩短运输路程、保证新鲜蔬菜供应、节水和可持续发展等方面围绕巴比伦微农场的优势展开介绍。故选A项。]
Word Bank：
1．cover v．[生义]走完(一段路程)
2．solid adj．[生义]可靠的
3．innovative adj．创新的，革新的
4．reliable adj．可靠的，可信赖的
5．automate v．使自动化
6．harvest n．&v．收割，收获
7．replace v．取代，替换
8．sustainability n．可持续性
9．be passionate about 对……充满热情
10．when it comes to当提到……时
11．go through经过某过程
12．rely on 依靠，依赖
13．in real time实时地
14．live out 实践
(一)
语篇类型 记叙文 主题语境 人与社会之文化交流
(2025·江苏苏锡常镇二模)Learning new languages can be empowering，opening doors to connect with people from different cultures．Recently，a man practicing Chinese gained widespread attention after visiting a local Lanzhou noodle restaurant and speaking the language in a truly memorable way．Canadian resident Cali Lopez shared a video of his interaction with a Chinese waitress and their authentic and curious exchange quickly won praise online．
The incident occurred in Saskatoon，one of Canada's largest cities，with a growing Chinese community．Cali appeared anxious and nervous at the Lanzhou noodle restaurant before a waitress approached him．Greeting her in her native language，he nearly left her in shock．
With a smile，Cali then politely asked the waitress if he could practice his Chinese and began ordering in her language，asking questions about the menu．He noticed a dish that caught his interest and asked in Chinese，“Is this sour pickle (泡菜) soup hot？” The waitress replied，“Yes，a little bit spicy．” Cali，who works as an English teacher，was fine with mild spice，replying，“Oh，I just want to order one．” When she asked about his other food preferences，he shared his desire for a dish with rice noodles．
The waitress then listed the restaurant's six types of noodles，including three round and three flat varieties．Cali appeared to struggle a bit while discussing the types of noodles in Chinese，requesting the waitress to point to the menu and explain each dish's preparation to help him order．After some thought，he chose the thinnest of the round noodles．
Curious about his language skills，Cali then asked，“Can you understand me？” and waited eagerly for her response．The waitress confirmed she could，leaving Cali visibly moved．
The one-minute video of this genuine and heartfelt exchange has received widespread praise on social media for recording a real，spontaneous (自发的) moment without any forced emotion．
1．How did the waitress feel at Cali's greeting in Chinese
A．Surprised． B．Confused．
C．Annoyed． D．Uninterested．
2．What may have impressed the audience most in Cali's video
A．The Chinese food．
B．The Chinese language．
C．His genuine use of Chinese．
D．His knowledge of Chinese noodles．
3．What can we learn from Cali's conversation with the waitress
A．He was eager to practice Chinese．
B．He struggled with mild spicy food．
C．He turned down her offer of help．
D．He found it effortless to discuss the menu．
4．What does the article mainly talk about
A．Language barriers of dining out．
B．The challenges of learning Chinese．
C．A heart-warming cultural exchange．
D．The importance of being communicative．
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之创新发明
(2025·安徽芜湖二模)The average age at which people started suffering from chronic (慢性的) conditions was 55 years in the 1980s，while this has dropped to 43 years today．Many of these conditions are related to unhealthy lifestyles，and personalized nutrition，which addresses our varying nutritional needs，is considered crucial in changing the_trend．The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) and its partners have developed a mobile mini-factory for 3D-printed food，providing a practical solution for personalized nutrition．
Traditionally，personalized nutrition involves providing food recommendations or shopping lists．With 3D food printing，everything is different．TNO created a mobile kitchen that produces “Nutri-Bites”，which are made by printing a dough base，baking it，and adding personalized nutrients layer by layer through a print head．Unlike conventional mass production，where changes require modifying the entire process，3D food printing can adjust food products in real time to match individual needs．
The production of Nutri-Bites relies on a unique recipe，which is based on individuals' health data，goals，and preferences，as well as measurements such as height and weight．Individuals need to fill in a questionnaire about the information to generate dietary guidance．Then the 3D printer makes the Nutri-Bites with the right balance of nutrients．The system can produce over 50，000 variants，all tailored to each person's specific needs．
TNO conducted two field studies to test whether Nutri-Bites could meet the needs of different individuals and situations，and whether they could be accepted as food that can improve performance or recovery．The first one tested Nutri-Bites on military personnel to enhance endurance，and the second study focused on hospital patients and their improvement．In both cases，the Nutri-Bites were well received by the target groups．
Various directions are possible for future progress，such as refining and speeding up the production process，or developing other products．In addition，the food platform and its ingredients can be further developed to serve more target groups．
5．What does the underlined part “the trend” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．The expanding application of 3D-printed food in diets．
B．The rapid advancement of personalized nutrition in healthcare．
C．The earlier occurrence of chronic conditions in younger people．
D．The growing number of people with chronic conditions globally．
6．How does 3D-printed personalized nutrition differ from the traditional one
A．It cuts the expense of mass production．
B．It tailors food to individual needs instantly．
C．It improves the process of making nutrients．
D．It uses healthier ingredients to suit individuals．
7．What is the first step in the process of creating Nutri-Bites
A．Creating nutritional recipes．
B．Collecting personal data．
C．Forming dietary recommendations．
D．Selecting proper ingredients．
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．3D-printed food offers a tailored solution to meet personalized nutritional needs．
B．TNO's questionnaires and data collection improve traditional food recommendations．
C．Military personnel and hospital patients benefit most from Nutri-Bites in field studies．
D．Chronic diseases now affect younger populations，requiring stricter dietary regulations．
(一)
高频词汇 1．authentic adj．真实的；地道的 2．order vt．点餐；订购 3．confirm vt．确认；证实 4．anxious adj．焦虑的；紧张的 5．mild adj．温和的；轻微的
熟词生义 catch (生)vt．引起，激发(兴趣、想象、注意等) (熟) vt．抓住；赶上
重点短语 1．leave sb．in shock 使某人震惊 2．be fine with...对……满意；接受 3．be curious about...对……好奇
难句分析 Cali，who works as an English teacher，was fine with mild spice，replying，“Oh，I just want to order one．” 分析：本句为复合句。who works as an English teacher为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Cali；replying，“Oh，I just want to order one．”为动词-ing形式短语作状语。 译文：身为英语教师的卡利能接受微辣，他回答说：“哦，我就点一份吧。”
(二)
高频词汇 1．nutrition n．营养 2．trend n．趋势；倾向 3．modify vt．修改；调整 4．generate vt．生成；产生 5．conventional adj．传统的；常规的
熟词生义 tailor (生)vt．定制，调整 (熟) n．裁缝
重点短语 1．be related to 与……相关 2．speed up 加速
难句分析 TNO conducted two field studies to test whether Nutri-Bites could meet the needs of different individuals and situations，and whether they could be accepted as food that can improve performance or recovery． 分析：本句为复合句。whether Nutri-Bites could meet the needs of different individuals and situations和whether they could be accepted as food是由whether引导的两个并列的宾语从句；that can improve performance or recovery是由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词food。 译文：TNO 进行了两项实地研究，以测试 “营养小方块” 是否能满足不同个人和场景的需求，以及它们是否能被接受为可改善体能或促进康复的食品。
第八讲 主旨大意题
应用模拟练·提能力
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大居民卡利·洛佩兹在当地一家兰州面馆用中文与服务员交流的经历，展现了一次温暖人心的文化交流，他用中文交流的真诚时刻在社交媒体上受到了广泛赞扬。
1．A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Greeting her in her native language，he nearly left her in shock．”可知，服务员对卡利用中文和她打招呼感到很惊讶。故选A。]
2．C [推理判断题。根据最后一段“The one minute video of this genuine and heartfelt exchange has received widespread praise on social media for recording a real，spontaneous moment without any forced emotion．”可推知，最让观众印象深刻的是卡利真诚地使用中文。故选C。]
3．A [推理判断题。根据第三段中“With a smile，Cali then politely asked the waitress if he could practice his Chinese and began ordering in her language，asking questions about the menu．”可推知，卡利渴望练习中文。故选A。]
4．C [主旨大意题。文章开篇“Learning new languages can be empowering，opening doors to connect with people from different cultures．”引出卡利在面馆与中国服务员用中文交流这一事件。接着详细描述了他们之间的对话过程，卡利真诚地用中文点餐、询问，服务员热情回应。再根据最后一段“The one minute video of this genuine and heartfelt exchange has received widespread praise on social media for recording a real，spontaneous moment without any forced emotion．”可知，文章主要讲述了一场暖心的文化交流。故选C。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了TNO开发3D打印食物的迷你工厂，能制作Nutri Bites满足个性化营养需求，且受目标群体欢迎。
5．C [词义猜测题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，the trend指的是上文提及的人们更早患上慢性病这一现象。故选C。]
6．B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike conventional mass production，where changes require modifying the entire process，3D food printing can adjust food products in real time to match individual needs．”可知，3D打印个性化营养与传统的不同在于它能即时调整食物以满足个人需求。故选B。]
7．B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，制作营养小食依赖于独特的配方，基于个人的健康数据、目标和偏好，以及身高和体重等测量数据，所以制作营养小食的第一步是收集个人数据。故选B。]
8．A [主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句以及文章其余内容可知，文章开篇指出人们患慢性病的年龄提前，个性化营养很关键，接着介绍了TNO及其合作伙伴开发的3D打印食物的移动迷你工厂能制作Nutri Bites满足个性化营养需求，还进行了相关研究且受目标群体欢迎，未来还有发展方向，即本文主要介绍了3D打印食物为满足个性化营养需求提供了定制化解决方案。故选A。](共43张PPT)
专题一 阅读四选一
第八讲 主旨大意题
第一部分 题型突破
核心技巧 把握文章结构，提炼文章主旨
典例 做真题·悟考法
(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读理解C篇)
语篇解读：
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种室内农场系统——Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF)。该系统极大地缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离，依靠新技术实现了自动化管理和环保种植。
深度解析：
28．C [细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“While farmer's markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey，Babylon Micro-Farm(BMF) shortens it even more．”可知，BMF大大缩短了农产品从农场到餐桌的距离。C选项中“cuts...distance”与句中的“shortens”是同义替换。故选C项。]
29．B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“Also，there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time．”可知，这个应用程序提供植物生长的实时数据。故选B项。]
30．D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives．About half of them walk or bike to work...avoiding single-use plastic．‘We are passionate about reducing waste，carbon and chemicals in our environment’”可推知，BMF的员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D项。]
31．A [主旨大意题。文章分别从可缩短运输路程、保证新鲜蔬菜供应、节水和可持续发展等方面围绕巴比伦微农场的优势展开介绍。故选A项。]
Word Bank：
1．cover v．[生义]走完(一段路程)
2．solid adj．[生义]可靠的
3．innovative adj．创新的，革新的
4．reliable adj．可靠的，可信赖的
5．automate v．使自动化
6．harvest n．&v．收割，收获
7．replace v．取代，替换
8．sustainability n．可持续性
9．be passionate about 对……充满热情
10．when it comes to当提到……时
11．go through经过某过程
12．rely on 依靠，依赖
13．in real time实时地
14．live out 实践
应用 模拟练·提能力
(2025·江苏苏锡常镇二模)Learning new languages can be empowering，opening doors to connect with people from different cultures．Recently，a man practicing Chinese gained widespread attention after visiting a local Lanzhou noodle restaurant and speaking
(一)
语篇类型 记叙文 主题语境 人与社会之文化交流
the language in a truly memorable way．Canadian resident Cali Lopez shared a video of his interaction with a Chinese waitress and their authentic and curious exchange quickly won praise online．
The incident occurred in Saskatoon，one of Canada's largest cities，with a growing Chinese community．Cali appeared anxious and nervous at the Lanzhou noodle restaurant before a waitress approached him．Greeting her in her native language，he nearly left her in shock．
With a smile，Cali then politely asked the waitress if he could practice his Chinese and began ordering in her language，asking questions about the menu．He noticed a dish that caught his interest and asked in Chinese，“Is this sour pickle (泡菜) soup hot？” The waitress replied，“Yes，a little bit spicy．” Cali，who works as an English teacher，was fine with mild spice，replying，“Oh，I just want to order one．” When she asked about his other food preferences，he shared his desire for a dish with rice noodles．
The waitress then listed the restaurant's six types of noodles，including three round and three flat varieties．Cali appeared to struggle a bit while discussing the types of noodles in Chinese，requesting the waitress to point to the menu and explain each dish's preparation to help him order．After some thought，he chose the thinnest of the round noodles．
Curious about his language skills，Cali then asked，“Can you understand me？” and waited eagerly for her response．The waitress confirmed she could，leaving Cali visibly moved．
The one-minute video of this genuine and heartfelt exchange has received widespread praise on social media for recording a real，spontaneous (自发的) moment without any forced emotion．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了加拿大居民卡利·洛佩兹在当地一家兰州面馆用中文与服务员交流的经历，展现了一次温暖人心的文化交流，他用中文交流的真诚时刻在社交媒体上受到了广泛赞扬。
1．How did the waitress feel at Cali's greeting in Chinese
A．Surprised． B．Confused．
C．Annoyed． D．Uninterested．
√
A [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Greeting her in her native language，he nearly left her in shock．”可知，服务员对卡利用中文和她打招呼感到很惊讶。故选A。]
2．What may have impressed the audience most in Cali's video
A．The Chinese food．
B．The Chinese language．
C．His genuine use of Chinese．
D．His knowledge of Chinese noodles．
√
C [推理判断题。根据最后一段“The one-minute video of this genuine and heartfelt exchange has received widespread praise on social media for recording a real，spontaneous moment without any forced emotion．”可推知，最让观众印象深刻的是卡利真诚地使用中文。故选C。]
3．What can we learn from Cali's conversation with the waitress
A．He was eager to practice Chinese．
B．He struggled with mild spicy food．
C．He turned down her offer of help．
D．He found it effortless to discuss the menu．
√
A [推理判断题。根据第三段中“With a smile，Cali then politely asked the waitress if he could practice his Chinese and began ordering in her language，asking questions about the menu．”可推知，卡利渴望练习中文。故选A。]
4．What does the article mainly talk about
A．Language barriers of dining out．
B．The challenges of learning Chinese．
C．A heart-warming cultural exchange．
D．The importance of being communicative．
√
C [主旨大意题。文章开篇“Learning new languages can be empowering，opening doors to connect with people from different cultures．”引出卡利在面馆与中国服务员用中文交流这一事件。接着详细描述了他们之间的对话过程，卡利真诚地用中文点餐、询问，服务员热情回应。再根据最后一段“The one-minute video of this genuine and heartfelt exchange has received widespread praise on social media for recording a real，spontaneous moment without any forced emotion．”可知，文章主要讲述了一场暖心的文化交流。故选C。]
(2025·安徽芜湖二模)The average age at which people started suffering from chronic (慢性的) conditions was 55 years in the 1980s，while this has dropped to 43 years today．Many of these conditions are related to unhealthy lifestyles，and personalized nutrition，which addresses our varying nutritional needs，is considered crucial in changing the trend．The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific
(二)
语篇类型 说明文 主题语境 人与社会之创新发明
Research (TNO) and its partners have developed a mobile mini-factory for 3D-printed food，providing a practical solution for personalized nutrition．
Traditionally，personalized nutrition involves providing food recommendations or shopping lists．With 3D food printing，everything is different．TNO created a mobile kitchen that produces “Nutri-Bites”，which are made by printing a dough base，baking it，and adding personalized nutrients layer by layer through a print head．Unlike conventional mass production，where changes require modifying the entire process，3D food printing can adjust food products in real time to match individual needs．
The production of Nutri-Bites relies on a unique recipe，which is based on individuals' health data，goals，and preferences，as well as measurements such as height and weight．Individuals need to fill in a questionnaire about the information to generate dietary guidance．Then the 3D printer makes the Nutri-Bites with the right balance of nutrients．The system can produce over 50，000 variants，all tailored to each person's specific needs．
TNO conducted two field studies to test whether Nutri-Bites could meet the needs of different individuals and situations，and whether they could be accepted as food that can improve performance or recovery．The first one tested Nutri-Bites on military personnel to enhance endurance，and the second study focused on hospital patients and their improvement．In both cases，the Nutri-Bites were well received by the target groups．
Various directions are possible for future progress，such as refining and speeding up the production process，or developing other products．In addition，the food platform and its ingredients can be further developed to serve more target groups．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了TNO开发3D打印食物的迷你工厂，能制作Nutri-Bites满足个性化营养需求，且受目标群体欢迎。
5．What does the underlined part “the trend” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．The expanding application of 3D-printed food in diets．
B．The rapid advancement of personalized nutrition in healthcare．
C．The earlier occurrence of chronic conditions in younger people．
D．The growing number of people with chronic conditions globally．
√
C [词义猜测题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，the trend指的是上文提及的人们更早患上慢性病这一现象。故选C。]
6．How does 3D-printed personalized nutrition differ from the traditional one
A．It cuts the expense of mass production．
B．It tailors food to individual needs instantly．
C．It improves the process of making nutrients．
D．It uses healthier ingredients to suit individuals．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第二段中“Unlike conventional mass production，where changes require modifying the entire process，3D food printing can adjust food products in real time to match individual needs．”可知，3D打印个性化营养与传统的不同在于它能即时调整食物以满足个人需求。故选B。]
7．What is the first step in the process of creating Nutri-Bites
A．Creating nutritional recipes．
B．Collecting personal data．
C．Forming dietary recommendations．
D．Selecting proper ingredients．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句可知，制作营养小食依赖于独特的配方，基于个人的健康数据、目标和偏好，以及身高和体重等测量数据，所以制作营养小食的第一步是收集个人数据。故选B。]
8．What is the main idea of the passage
A．3D-printed food offers a tailored solution to meet personalized nutritional needs．
B．TNO's questionnaires and data collection improve traditional food recommendations．
C．Military personnel and hospital patients benefit most from Nutri-Bites in field studies．
D．Chronic diseases now affect younger populations，requiring stricter dietary regulations．
√
A [主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句以及文章其余内容可知，文章开篇指出人们患慢性病的年龄提前，个性化营养很关键，接着介绍了TNO及其合作伙伴开发的3D打印食物的移动迷你工厂能制作Nutri-Bites满足个性化营养需求，还进行了相关研究且受目标群体欢迎，未来还有发展方向，即本文主要介绍了3D打印食物为满足个性化营养需求提供了定制化解决方案。故选A。]
词句积累
(一)
高频词汇 1．authentic adj．真实的；地道的
2．order vt．点餐；订购
3．confirm vt．确认；证实
4．anxious adj．焦虑的；紧张的
5．mild adj．温和的；轻微的
熟词生义 catch (生)vt．引起，激发(兴趣、想象、注意等) (熟) vt．抓住；赶上
重点短语 1．leave sb．in shock 使某人震惊
2．be fine with...对……满意；接受
3．be curious about...对……好奇
难句分析 Cali，who works as an English teacher，was fine with mild spice，replying，“Oh，I just want to order one．”
分析：本句为复合句。who works as an English teacher为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词Cali；replying，“Oh，I just want to order one．”为动词-ing形式短语作状语。
译文：身为英语教师的卡利能接受微辣，他回答说：“哦，我就点一份吧。”
(二)
高频词汇 1．nutrition n．营养
2．trend n．趋势；倾向
3．modify vt．修改；调整
4．generate vt．生成；产生
5．conventional adj．传统的；常规的
熟词生义 tailor (生)vt．定制，调整 (熟) n．裁缝
重点短语 1．be related to 与……相关
2．speed up 加速
难句分析 TNO conducted two field studies to test whether Nutri-Bites could meet the needs of different individuals and situations，and whether they could be accepted as food that can improve performance or recovery．
难句分析 分析：本句为复合句。whether Nutri-Bites could meet the needs of different individuals and situations和whether they could be accepted as food是由whether引导的两个并列的宾语从句；that can improve performance or recovery是由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词food。
译文：TNO 进行了两项实地研究，以测试 “营养小方块” 是否能满足不同个人和场景的需求，以及它们是否能被接受为可改善体能或促进康复的食品。
谢 谢！
