Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
限制性定语从句（2）
Calligraphy， a traditional art form in China， has its unique charm.It was in ancient times when① people used writing as a means of communication that calligraphy gradually emerged.The places where② calligraphy was appreciated were not only in the wealthy families but also in poor ones.
Now， there are a growing number of people who practice calligraphy.The reasons why③they do so are various， one of which④ is to build up their character.At the same time， calligraphy is a means by which⑤ people can express their emotions and personalities.Elegant calligraphy is something of which⑥ people may be proud.
①when引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancient times，在句中作时间状语；
②where 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，在句中作地点状语；
③why引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，在句中作原因状语；
④one of which 引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语；
⑤by which引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作方式状语；
⑥of which引导限制性定语从句，在句中作宾语。
——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
1.关系副词引导的定语从句
【先感悟】
①（教材典句）... it was a time when people were divided geographically.
②（教材典句）There are many reasons why this has been possible， but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
③（2024·天津卷）People in the UK like dogs and cats so much that there are special shows where people come to watch them.
【会发现】
句①是when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作 。
句②是why引导的定语从句，why在从句中作 。
句③是where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作 。
【善归纳】
①关系副词引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间、地点和原因（reason）的名词。
②关系副词在句中作状语，不能省略。
③在situation、 stage、 position、 condition、 point、 case、game、activity、 life等这些表示抽象意义的名词后面的定语从句中，如果缺少状语，常用where引导。
【运用练】 用适当的关系副词填空
①He has lost the key to the drawer the papers are kept.
②There was a long wait at the reception desk， everyone was checking in.
③I have reached a point in my career I need to decide which way to go.
④Gone are the days physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
⑤One of the reasons Jane was excited was that she passed the driving test.
2.关系代词和关系副词的判断
【先感悟】
①（教材典句）China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times， despite the many ups and downs in its history.
②（教材典句）Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
③Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？
④He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset？
【会发现】
句①是which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作 。
句②是where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作 。
句③是that/which引导的定语从句，that/which在从句中作 。
句④是why引导的定语从句，why在从句中作 。
【善归纳】
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，若关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若关系词在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
【运用练】 用适当的关系词填空
①That was the reason she didn’t go to the party.
②That was the reason she told me yesterday.
③I’ll never forget the days we worked together.
④I’ll never forget the days we spent together.
⑤I returned to the city I visited last year.
⑥I returned to the city I was brought up last year.
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
【先感悟】
①It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu — animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
②We expect you to become someone of which we’ll feel very proud of in the future.
③This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
④He mentioned a book the title of which I can’t remember now.
【会发现】
句①②③都是“ ”引导的定语从句，句④是“ ”引导的定语从句。
【善归纳】
①当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose（作定语）。
②“介词＋关系代词”中介词选择的三个原则“一先、二动、三意义”。
“一先”，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。
“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语部分的习惯搭配来确定介词。
“三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词，如表示“整体与部分”的关系，用介词of。根据需要可以使用“名词、数词或代词＋of＋关系代词”结构。
【注意事项】
①在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after， look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
②在“介词＋whom”结构中，whom不可以用who/that来代替。
【运用练】 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空
①The factory I’m working mainly produces computers.
②The woman you spoke just now is our English teacher.
③The woman she was traveling is her best friend.
④He has a shelf full of things， each has memories for him.
⑤I am very thankful to Mr Green， help I can’t make such progress.
Ⅰ.用适当的介词或关系词填空
1.I will never forget the time our volleyball team won the game.
2.I got to the point I couldn’t wait to get home to read my books.
3.Nobody knows the reason he didn’t turn up at the meeting.
4.I shall never forget the day on we moved into our new house.
5.Everyone has some moments which they might take pride.
6.We paid a visit to the museum we enjoyed lots of famous paintings.
7.There is a big window which I can see the railway station.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.There are forty-five students in our class， .
我们班有45名学生，他们都在努力学习。
2.Take part in more activities
.
多参加一些可以提高你沟通能力的活动。
3.He wanted to know the reason such an important meeting.
他想知道她在如此重要的会议上迟到的原因。
1.struggle n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
教材原句 When I started studying German， it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件困难的事。
【用法】
（1）a struggle for sb 对某人来说是件难事
（2）struggle for ... 努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle against/with ... 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
【佳句】 Despite his bad injury， he struggled to his feet and went on running. （动作描写）
尽管他受伤严重，但还是挣扎着站起来继续跑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①From now on， I hope every one of us will struggle （make） our dream come true.
②We have to struggle all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
【写美】 完成句子
③Carl took a deep breath， . （动作描写）
卡尔深深地吸了一口气，努力控制自己的情绪。
2.句型公式：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，就越……
教材原句 It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a language， the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。
【用法】
（1）the more ...， the less ...越……，就越不……
（2）此结构中，第一个“the＋比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来的意义。
【品悟】 The more you know about our traditional culture， the more you are interested in it.
你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。
【写美】 完成句子
①At the same time， ， the deeper love I have for her.
与此同时，我对我的祖国了解得越多，我对她的爱就越深。
②The more friends you have， .
你拥有的朋友越多，你的生活就越丰富多彩。
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 5 Section Ⅲ
5 / 5Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
限制性定语从句（2）
Calligraphy， a traditional art form in China， has its unique charm.It was in ancient times when① people used writing as a means of communication that calligraphy gradually emerged.The places where② calligraphy was appreciated were not only in the wealthy families but also in poor ones.
Now， there are a growing number of people who practice calligraphy.The reasons why③they do so are various， one of which④ is to build up their character.At the same time， calligraphy is a means by which⑤ people can express their emotions and personalities.Elegant calligraphy is something of which⑥ people may be proud.
①when引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ancient times，在句中作时间状语；
②where 引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词places，在句中作地点状语；
③why引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，在句中作原因状语；
④one of which 引导非限制性定语从句，在句中作主语；
⑤by which引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作方式状语；
⑥of which引导限制性定语从句，在句中作宾语。
——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
1.关系副词引导的定语从句
【先感悟】
①（教材典句）... it was a time when people were divided geographically.
②（教材典句）There are many reasons why this has been possible， but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
③（2024·天津卷）People in the UK like dogs and cats so much that there are special shows where people come to watch them.
【会发现】
句①是when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作 时间状语 。
句②是why引导的定语从句，why在从句中作 原因状语 。
句③是where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作 地点状语 。
【善归纳】
①关系副词引导定语从句，先行词是表示时间、地点和原因（reason）的名词。
②关系副词在句中作状语，不能省略。
③在situation、 stage、 position、 condition、 point、 case、game、activity、 life等这些表示抽象意义的名词后面的定语从句中，如果缺少状语，常用where引导。
【运用练】 用适当的关系副词填空
①He has lost the key to the drawer where the papers are kept.
②There was a long wait at the reception desk， where everyone was checking in.
③I have reached a point in my career where I need to decide which way to go.
④Gone are the days when physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
⑤One of the reasons why Jane was excited was that she passed the driving test.
2.关系代词和关系副词的判断
【先感悟】
①（教材典句）China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times， despite the many ups and downs in its history.
②（教材典句）Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
③Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？
④He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset？
【会发现】
句①是which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作 主语 。
句②是where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作 地点状语 。
句③是that/which引导的定语从句，that/which在从句中作 宾语 。
句④是why引导的定语从句，why在从句中作 原因状语 。
【善归纳】
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，若关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若关系词在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
【运用练】 用适当的关系词填空
①That was the reason why she didn’t go to the party.
②That was the reason that/which she told me yesterday.
③I’ll never forget the days when we worked together.
④I’ll never forget the days that/which we spent together.
⑤I returned to the city that/which I visited last year.
⑥I returned to the city where I was brought up last year.
3.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
【先感悟】
①It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu — animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
②We expect you to become someone of which we’ll feel very proud of in the future.
③This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly.
④He mentioned a book the title of which I can’t remember now.
【会发现】
句①②③都是“ 介词＋关系代词 ”引导的定语从句，句④是“ 名词＋of＋关系代词 ”引导的定语从句。
【善归纳】
①当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose（作定语）。
②“介词＋关系代词”中介词选择的三个原则“一先、二动、三意义”。
“一先”，即根据先行词的习惯搭配或意义来确定介词。
“二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语部分的习惯搭配来确定介词。
“三意义”，即根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词，如表示“整体与部分”的关系，用介词of。根据需要可以使用“名词、数词或代词＋of＋关系代词”结构。
【注意事项】
①在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after， look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
②在“介词＋whom”结构中，whom不可以用who/that来代替。
【运用练】 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空
①The factory in which I’m working mainly produces computers.
②The woman to whom you spoke just now is our English teacher.
③The woman with whom she was traveling is her best friend.
④He has a shelf full of things， each of which has memories for him.
⑤I am very thankful to Mr Green， without whose help I can’t make such progress.
Ⅰ.用适当的介词或关系词填空
1.I will never forget the time when our volleyball team won the game.
2.I got to the point where I couldn’t wait to get home to read my books.
3.Nobody knows the reason why he didn’t turn up at the meeting.
4.I shall never forget the day on which we moved into our new house.
5.Everyone has some moments in which they might take pride.
6.We paid a visit to the museum where we enjoyed lots of famous paintings.
7.There is a big window through which I can see the railway station.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.There are forty-five students in our class， all of whom are working hard .
我们班有45名学生，他们都在努力学习。
2.Take part in more activities where you can improve your communication skills .
多参加一些可以提高你沟通能力的活动。
3.He wanted to know the reason why she came late for such an important meeting.
他想知道她在如此重要的会议上迟到的原因。
1.struggle n.& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
教材原句 When I started studying German， it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件困难的事。
【用法】
（1）a struggle for sb 对某人来说是件难事 （2）struggle for ...努力争取……；为……而斗争 struggle against/with ... 与……作斗争 struggle to do sth 努力做某事 struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
【佳句】 Despite his bad injury， he struggled to his feet and went on running. （动作描写）
尽管他受伤严重，但还是挣扎着站起来继续跑。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①From now on， I hope every one of us will struggle to make （make） our dream come true.
②We have to struggle against/with all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
【写美】 完成句子
③Carl took a deep breath， struggling to control his emotions . （动作描写）
卡尔深深地吸了一口气，努力控制自己的情绪。
2.句型公式：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...越……，就越……
教材原句 It was exercise for the brain； the more I learnt of a language， the more my brain would grow.这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。
【用法】
（1）the more ...， the less ...越……，就越不…… （2）此结构中，第一个“the＋比较级...”是表示条件的状语从句，用一般现在时表示将来的意义。
【品悟】 The more you know about our traditional culture， the more you are interested in it.
你对我们的传统文化了解得越多，你就对它越感兴趣。
【写美】 完成句子
①At the same time， the more I know about my country ， the deeper love I have for her.
与此同时，我对我的祖国了解得越多，我对她的爱就越深。
②The more friends you have， the more colourful your life will be .
你拥有的朋友越多，你的生活就越丰富多彩。
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1.We have entered into an age when almost everything can be done on the Internet.
2.Nobody knows the reason why she didn’t accept the invitation.
3.We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
4.We visited the car factory where my uncle once worked three years ago.
5.Nearby were two boats in which they had come to the island.
6.Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.
7.This is the place where the famous headmaster delivered a speech.
8.I don’t know the reason for which the athlete gave up halfway through the competition.
9.I’ll never forget the day when we celebrated your birthday with a surprise party.
10.You should go to big cities where you can find more chances to get a well-paid job.
11.Li Ming， with whom I went to the concert， enjoyed it very much.
12.He is a teacher with rich experience， from whom we can learn a lot.
13.The film in which he played the leading role was a great success.
14.I wanted to find someone with whom I could share my travel experience.
15.（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.
Ⅱ.用定语从句合并下列句子
1.The man is in the next room.You are talking about the man.
→The man about whom you are talking is in the next room.
2.My hometown has taken on a new look.I spent most of my childhood there.
→My hometown in which/where I spent most of my childhood has taken on a new look.
3.We paid a visit to the coffee shop last summer.A writer wrote his famous book in the coffee shop.
→Last summer we paid a visit to the coffee shop in which/where a writer wrote his famous book .
4.He didn’t come to the meeting yesterday for the reason.I don’t know the reason.
→I don’t know the reason for which/why he didn’t come to the meeting yesterday .
5.I joined the organisation on that day.I will never forget the day.
→I will never forget the day on which/when I joined the organisation .
Ⅰ.完形填空
（2025·杭州四中下沙校区高一上期中）I was about 13 then.Paul was the same 1 as me and his sister Renee was two years younger， and they live in France.I liked French， so I was pleased when my French teacher assigned us pen pals.
It was quite a 2 to get a letter from a foreign country.I looked forward to 3 their reply.They weren’t good at English， so we wrote in French， which helped me learn a good 4 of the language.
I went to France in 1994 to 5 them， but Paul was serving the army， and Renee was away skiing.The family 6 me warmly， and I visited several times later.The first time I met Renee， she picked me up at the station， and we 7 it off straight away.
I never met Paul.Renee told me that he had died 8 after leaving the army.Renee and I continued writing， and our 9 became deeper.We talked about our families， our favorite pastimes and our 10 in life.Gradually， I knew her whole family， 11 her aunts and uncles.I was so 12 into their home life that I never felt like a tourist.
I’m 93 now and I 13 write to Renee.She has difficulty writing now， so she phones me to reply.Most people don’t seem to have the time for letters， but it gives me great 14 to write.Our correspondence （通信） has offered me a wider 15 of what’s happening outside the UK and friendship.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和笔友长达80年的深厚友谊。
1.A.height B.interest
C.dream D.age
解析：D 根据I was about 13以及his sister Renee was two years younger可知，此处是描述三人的年龄。
2.A.problem B.thing
C.fact D.debate
解析：B 根据to get a letter from a foreign country可知，此处指收到国外来的信是件大事。quite a强调在某方面很突出。
3.A.responding B.exchanging
C.appreciating D.receiving
解析：D 根据上文get a letter from a foreign country可知，作者期待收到笔友的回信。
4.A.skill B.knowledge
C.effect D.description
解析：B 根据so we wrote in French可知，作者和笔友都用法语写信，这能帮助作者掌握语言知识。
5.A.protect B.forgive
C.meet D.recognize
解析：C 根据but Paul was serving in the army， and Renee was away skiing可知，在1994年的时候作者决定到法国度假去见笔友。
6.A.explored B.admired
C.helped D.treated
解析：D 上文提到作者去法国和笔友见面，结合下文and I visited several times later可知，笔友的家人热情地招待了作者。
7.A.moved B.escaped
C.switched D.hit
解析：D 根据she picked me up at the station可知，作者第一次见到Renee时，两人一见如故。hit it off一见如故，合得来。
8.A.narrowly B.shortly
C.obviously D.extremely
解析：B 结合语境及I never met Paul.可知，此处指Paul离开军队后不久就去世了。
9.A.responsibility B.solution
C.friendship D.impression
解析：C 根据第一段中提到的pen pals和文章最后一句可知，作者与笔友Renee的友谊加深了。
10.A.legends B.troubles
C.protests D.means
解析：B 根据our families， our favorite pastimes和语境可知，作者和Renee是朋友，彼此分享生活中的快乐和烦恼。
11.A.including B.with
C.beyond D.about
解析：A 根据her whole family可知，作者认识了Renee的全家，包括她的叔叔和阿姨。
12.A.chosen B.preferred
C.introduced D.welcomed
解析：D 根据I never felt like a tourist可知，作者受到Renee全家的欢迎。
13.A.still B.hardly
C.rather D.never
解析：A 根据I’m 93 now可知，作者现在93岁了，仍然给Renee写信。
14.A.pleasure B.confidence
C.personality D.power
解析：A 根据Most people don’t seem to have the time for letters和转折词but可知，写信给作者带来了极大的乐趣。
15.A.youth B.freedom
C.goal D.view
解析：D 根据语境可知，作者一直和法国的笔友通信，这让作者了解了英国以外发生的事情。
Ⅱ.语法填空
（2025·丽水“五校高中发展共同体”高一上联考）In today’s world， English has been the language of international communication， and has played 16. increasingly significant role in driving China’s economic growth and social development.For big economies like China 17. is playing a growing role in world affairs， the English language is of great 18. （important）.Good English proficiency opens doors to greater opportunities 19. strengthens China’s overall international competitiveness.
“Foreign language learning is not only about learning a second language，” said Shi， a member of China’s first generation of English learners after its reform and opening up.“20. （final）， it is also about learning a fresh way of thinking.It is a 21. （power） tool for you to connect to the outside world.”
English language education in China has come a long way over the past 40 years.1978 was a historic year for the field， as it was made one of the test 22. （subject） in China’s national college entrance exam.The language 23. （become） increasingly significant ever since.
“China has the biggest English education market in the world，” said Zou， founding editor of China’s English newspaper China Daily.“Although Chinese people are proud 24. their own culture and language， they are generally willing 25. （learn） about Western cultures and languages.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了英语在当今世界的重要性，以及英语教育在中国的发展历程。
16.an 考查冠词。role是单数可数名词，表示“一个角色”，且increasingly的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰；play a/an ...role in意为“扮演一个……的角色；发挥……作用”。
17.that/which 考查定语从句。空处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词big economies，指物，在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that/which。
18.importance 考查名词。“be of＋抽象名词”是固定短语，相当于“be＋形容词”；be of （great） importance相当于be （very） important，意为“（非常）重要的”。
19.and 考查连词。根据句意判断谓语动词opens和strengthens是并列关系。故填and。
20.Finally 考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。
21.powerful 考查形容词。修饰名词tool应用形容词作定语，故填powerful。
22.subjects 考查名词复数。“one of＋复数名词”是固定搭配，表示“……之一”。故填subjects。
23.has become 考查时态和主谓一致。句子缺少谓语动词，结合时间状语ever since可知，应用现在完成时态，主语The language是单数名词，故填has become。
24.of 考查介词。be proud of为固定短语，意为“以……为骄傲”。故填of。
25.to learn 考查非谓语动词。be willing to do sth为固定短语，意为“愿意做某事”。故填to learn。
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