Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
短 语
It was very surprising① that Lucy didn’t pass her oral English test②， and she couldn’t believe it.Anyway， it was a pity③ that she failed in the test.It was because of her laziness.Then she realized that it was very important④ for her to study hard and practice more， so she has been studying much harder⑤ since then.Now she finds it interesting to practice speaking English and she enjoys it when she can speak fluent English⑥.
①形容词短语very surprising作表语；
②名词短语her oral English test作宾语；
③名词短语a pity作表语；
④形容词短语very important作表语；
⑤副词短语much harder作状语；
⑥名词短语fluent English作宾语。
——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。本单元主要介绍的是名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。
1.名词短语（Noun Phrase）
【先感悟】
①（教材典句）I’m a freshman at senior high school.
②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
③（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）I took a fun art class in the park today with my teacher.
④On weekends， he would join in some school activities.
⑤The author puts forward his suggestions on the contents of the book.
【会发现】
名词短语的构成：
句①： 冠词 ＋名词
句②：冠词＋ 形容词 ＋名词
句③：冠词＋ 形容词 ＋ 名词 ＋介词短语
句④： 不定代词 ＋描述性名词＋名词
句⑤：物主代词＋名词＋ 介词短语
【善归纳】
①名词短语的定义：指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或宾语补足语。
②名词短语的组成：（限定词）＋（形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词）＋名词＋（介词短语）。
③名词短语中的限定词包括四类：
a.冠词（a/an/the）；
b.指示代词（this/that/these/those等）；
c.物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their等）；
d.不定代词（some/no/neither/both等）。
【运用练】 完成句子
①（2024·1月浙江卷）Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building .
伊娃发现在这么大的楼房里走动是不可能的。
②As for me， English is my favorite subject .
对我来说，英语是我最喜欢的科目。
③You may ask your English teacher for help.
你可以向你的英语老师寻求帮助。
④Every afternoon we have many kinds of wonderful extra-curricular activities .
每天下午我们都有多种精彩的课外活动。
⑤I am very happy that I will go to the UK as an exchange student next semester.
我很高兴下学期要去英国做交换生。
2.形容词短语（Adjective Phrase）
【先感悟】
①She is a quite warm-hearted teacher.
②You can go fishing in your spare time， which is really interesting.
③It’s really quite important to have a reasonable work schedule.
④（教材典句）Studying hard isn’t always fun， but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future.
⑤You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself.
【会发现】
形容词短语的构成：
句①②： 副词 ＋ 形容词
句③： 副词短语 ＋ 形容词
句④： 副词 ＋ 形容词 ＋ 介词短语
句⑤： 形容词＋enough
【善归纳】
①形容词短语的定义：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，一般用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语或宾语补足语。
②形容词短语的组成：（副词/副词短语）＋形容词＋（介词短语/enough）。
③副词enough在修饰形容词构成形容词短语时，一般放在所修饰的形容词后面。
【运用练】 请用下画线标出下面语段中的形容词短语
Last week， I had a very important quiz in English class.It was so hard for me to answer these questions.I was too worried to tell my mom about my failure in the quiz， wondering that she would be really angry with me.Anyway， she knew I had tried my best and she encouraged me to do better next time.
3.副词短语（Adverb Phrase）
【先感悟】
①（教材典句）First， I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.
②The children over there are putting something on the round plate.
③Jim jumps far too high and no one can match him.
④I do not know her well enough to ask her for help.
【会发现】
副词短语的构成：
句①②： 副词 ＋ 副词
句③： 副词短语 ＋ 副词
句④： 副词＋enough
【善归纳】
①副词短语的定义：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般用作状语。
②副词短语的组成：（副词/副词短语）＋副词＋（enough）。
③副词enough在修饰副词构成副词短语时，一般放在所修饰的副词后面。
【运用练】 完成句子
①He answered very quickly to the teacher’s questions.
对老师的提问，他回答得很快。
②I do quite well in working in groups.
我在团体合作方面做得很好。
③The coat is rather too small for her.
这件外套对她来说太小了。
④I wish you’d write clearly enough for us to read it.
我希望你能写得足够清楚，让我们看得懂。
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中加蓝部分所属短语类型和所作成分
1.The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei.
2.She studies English very hard.
3.Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends.
4.I’d like to go to the coffee shop this weekend.
5.The exam was surprisingly easy.
6.He looked very worried.
7.Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both humans and animals.
8.John， an old friend of mine， comes from America.
短语类型 充当成分 短语类型 充当成分
1 名词短语 主语 5 形容词短语 表语
2 副词短语 状语 6 形容词短语 表语
3 名词短语 宾语 7 名词短语 表语
4 名词短语 宾语 8 名词短语 同位语
Ⅱ.利用括号中的词汇扩展下列句子
1.It was a chance for us to see animals.（great； all kinds of）
It was a great chance for us to see all kinds of animals.
2.We should work harder to protect animals.（much； those； rare）
We should work much harder to protect those rare animals.
3.I am confident when I have to talk to different people.（quite）
I am quite confident when I have to talk to different people.
4.When I was staying with a French family， I saw something unusual.（far more）
When I was staying with a French family， I saw something far more unusual.
Ⅰ.判断加蓝部分的短语类型及其在句中所作成分
1.I am sure that you will have a wonderful stay here！ 名词短语；宾语
2.I believe that I am quite suitable for the post. 形容词短语；表语
3.They offer a good opportunity to students to practice English. 名词短语；宾语
4.Once again， please accept my sincere apology. 副词短语；状语
5.The long travel has made me very tired. 形容词短语；宾语补足语
6.Potala Palace covers an area of 360，000 square meters. 名词短语；宾语
7.Most importantly， I have rich experience in offering some useful suggestions. 副词短语；状语
8.I have just graduated from Zhongshan No.1 Middle School. 名词短语；宾语
9.We can make ourselves more active and smarter by doing exercise. 形容词短语；宾语补足语
10.Club members meet every Friday afternoon for mass learning. 名词短语；主语
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.To keep the animals taken better care of， I call on all the people to volunteer your time to save and help these lovely animals .
为了让动物得到更好的照顾，我呼吁所有的人自愿花时间来拯救和帮助这些可爱的动物。
2.Hearing that you’re planning to visit Xi’an， I am very glad to offer you some suggestions .
听说你打算去西安旅游，我很高兴给你提一些建议。
3.I hope you will have a great time in Xi’an.
我希望你在西安玩得愉快。
4.I think the English Club can organise all kinds of English debates ， which will improve our confidence in using English.
我认为英语俱乐部可以组织各种各样的英语辩论，这将提高我们使用英语的信心。
5.I think I did quite well in the interview， but the other girls were even better .
我认为我在面试中表现得很好，但其他女孩甚至更好。
Ⅲ.使用本单元所学短语类型补全下面语段
1. Our school science club （我们学校的科学俱乐部） was established in 2020.It now has 55 members， including me.Our instructor is 2. very knowledgeable and responsible （知识渊博， 并且很负责）.We often carry out 3. all kinds of experiments （各种各样的实验）， which are 4. interesting and meaningful （有趣且有意义）.We all want to be a scientist to help our country 5. develop much more quickly （更快地发展）.
Ⅰ.完形填空
（2025·沧州高一上期中）On the final day of school at my workplace， I decided to introduce my dog to my special education students.I am an instructional assistant， so I 1 with kids， and I also do one-on-one services with a certain student， Joanna.She has shaken baby syndrome and gets epileptic seizures （癫痫发作） if she is 2 or really stressed.
One day， Joanna’s 3 told us that her daughter didn’t get her medicine that day as the medicine was often unavailable in chemist’s shop.I was 4 that Joanna would get seizures if she couldn’t get enough sleep to fight against tiredness， and it was.Joanna took a nap in her sleeping bag but 5 up about ten minutes later.That 6 she was going to have some seizure activities.
My dog， usually 7 ， was on the opposite side of the room.As Joanna experienced multiple seizures， my dog began making unfamiliar 8 .My supervisor， the headteacher， suggested 9 my dog’s behaviour， as he appeared deeply concerned.
Despite having no special service training， my dog decided to 10 Joanna.He decided that he was going to stand over Joanna and 11 touch her legs and forehead.Each time she came out， she would 12 him and smile.
My dog’s unexpected 13 left me amazed， and I’m now considering 14 him in service training， despite his age of three and his spoiled nature.As a reward （奖励） for his thoughtfulness and good behaviour， he 15 a homemade meal that day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的一只宠物狗与患有癫痫病的学生乔安娜的感人故事。
1.A.help out B.come in
C.break down D.get around
解析：A 根据空前的I am an instructional assistant可知，作者身为教学助理，需要帮助孩子们。help out意为“帮助……摆脱困境”。come in进来；break down出故障；get around各处走动。
2.A.happy B.proud
C.tired D.calm
解析：C 根据第二段第二句中的Joanna would get seizures if ... fight against tiredness可知，乔安娜如果疲倦就会癫痫发作。
3.A.teacher B.mother
C.friend D.sister
解析：B 根据语境可知，有一天，乔安娜的母亲告诉作者他们，她的女儿那天没有服药，因为药店里经常没有这种药。空后的her daughter为提示。
4.A.surprised B.satisfied
C.annoyed D.worried
解析：D 根据上文可知，乔安娜如果疲倦就会癫痫发作，又没有药，再结合空后的Joanna would get seizures if ...fight against tiredness可推断，作者很担心。
5.A.listened B.picked
C.woke D.stood
解析：C 根据空前的Joanna took a nap in her sleeping bag but尤其是but可知，空后内容和空前内容形成转折，指乔安娜大约十分钟后醒来了。
6.A.meant B.proved
C.urged D.uncovered
解析：A 根据本段第二句中的Joanna would get seizures if ... fight against tiredness和空前一句可推知，乔安娜如果疲倦就会癫痫发作，此时乔安娜只睡了大约十分钟，又没有药，这意味着她要有一些癫痫发作的活动。
7.A.responsible B.excitable
C.lovable D.suitable
解析：B 根据最后一段中的despite his age of three and his spoiled nature可知，狗狗年龄小又被宠坏了。由此推断，作者的狗通常很容易激动。
8.A.choices B.mistakes
C.efforts D.noises
解析：D 根据空前的As Joanna experienced multiple seizures可知，乔安娜癫痫发作会发出动静，听到动静的狗狗会发出噪音。
9.A.recording B.praising
C.observing D.recognising
解析：C 根据空后的as he appeared deeply concerned可知，只有通过观察才能得知狗狗担心乔安娜。
10.A.track B.rescue
C.comfort D.move
解析：C 根据下文可知，它决定站在乔安娜身边，轻轻触碰她的腿和额头。由此推断，狗狗在安慰乔安娜。
11.A.gently B.rudely
C.angrily D.secretly
解析：A 参见上题解析。
12.A.beat B.pet
C.see D.push
解析：B 根据空前的Each time she came out可知，癫痫发作完的乔安娜知道狗狗在安慰自己，所以会抚摸狗狗，以示感谢。
13.A.position B.decision
C.purpose D.behaviour
解析：D 根据第三段第一句和下文中的despite his age of three and his spoiled nature以及good behaviour可知，作者的狗并不乖巧，然而安慰乔安娜的行为让作者感到惊讶。
14.A.registering B.admiring
C.contacting D.inspiring
解析：A 狗狗安慰乔安娜的行为与上段首句中的Despite having no special service training形成对比，由此推断，作者想让狗狗登记参加服役训练。
15.A.cooked B.enjoyed
C.scheduled D.ordered
解析：B 根据空前As a reward （奖励） for his thoughtfulness and good behaviour可知，作者因狗狗的体贴和良好的行为，给它做了一顿大餐让它享用。
Ⅱ.语法填空
（2025·合肥高一上检测）Today， life as a teenager has changed greatly.The growth from childhood to adulthood is effortless for some， but difficult for others.There are many 16. （challenge） to face， decisions to make， and roads to take.
Being a teenager means we’re no longer a child 17. we’re not an adult either.We make great efforts 18. （live） up to so many expectations from our friends， family members， and sometimes even our parents’ friends too.19. （actual）， in this stage of life， we’re expected to be responsible 20. something yet we’re not allowed to do just as much as adults can.All adults see us as children 21. are trying to be someone we can’t be just yet.
Many adults expect us to act just as they did， but they don’t understand that we 22. （raise） differently.Times have changed compared to 30 years ago when our parents were teenagers.Back then they 23. （have） more time away from phones， computers and TVs.They communicated face to face more.Nowadays we communicate online.
The best part of being a teenager is being able to find things at the click of a button （按钮）.With the 24. （develop） of technology， today’s generation doesn’t struggle （挣扎） as much as they did 30 years ago.The new technology plays an important role in our lives.Teenagers nowadays are 25. （close） than ever.We can easily reach each other with a mobile phone or a computer.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了青少年的成长变化，以及他们的生活和父母时代的不同之处。
16.challenges 考查名词复数。根据空前的many可知，空处应用名词复数作主语。故填challenges。
17.and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，设空前后句子为并列关系，应用并列连词。故填and。
18.to live 考查非谓语动词。make effort to do sth意为“努力做某事”，为固定搭配。故填to live。
19.Actually 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词作状语，修饰后面的句子，且位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Actually。
20.for 考查介词。be responsible for意为“对……负责”，为固定搭配。故填for。
21.who/that 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为children，指人，并在从句中作主语。故填who/that。
22.are raised 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应是句子的谓语，we和raise之间为被动关系；且根据语境可知应用一般现在时。故填are raised。
23.had 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，空处应是句子的谓语，且根据空前的Back then可知应用一般过去时。故填had。
24.development 考查名词。with the development of意为“随着……发展”，为固定搭配。故填development。
25.closer 考查形容词比较级。根据空后的than可知，空处应用形容词比较级。故填closer。
1 / 2Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures
短 语
It was very surprising① that Lucy didn’t pass her oral English test②， and she couldn’t believe it.Anyway， it was a pity③ that she failed in the test.It was because of her laziness.Then she realized that it was very important④ for her to study hard and practice more， so she has been studying much harder⑤ since then.Now she finds it interesting to practice speaking English and she enjoys it when she can speak fluent English⑥.
①形容词短语very surprising作表语；
②名词短语her oral English test作宾语；
③名词短语a pity作表语；
④形容词短语very important作表语；
⑤副词短语much harder作状语；
⑥名词短语fluent English作宾语。
——运用“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观
短语或词组是具有一定意义但不构成句子或从句的一组词。本单元主要介绍的是名词短语、形容词短语和副词短语。
1.名词短语（Noun Phrase）
【先感悟】
①（教材典句）I’m a freshman at senior high school.
②（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.
③（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）I took a fun art class in the park today with my teacher.
④On weekends， he would join in some school activities.
⑤The author puts forward his suggestions on the contents of the book.
【会发现】
名词短语的构成：
句①： ＋名词
句②：冠词＋ ＋名词
句③：冠词＋ ＋ ＋介词短语
句④： ＋描述性名词＋名词
句⑤：物主代词＋名词＋
【善归纳】
①名词短语的定义：指以一个名词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词，一般用作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或宾语补足语。
②名词短语的组成：（限定词）＋（形容词、形容词短语、描述性名词）＋名词＋（介词短语）。
③名词短语中的限定词包括四类：
a.冠词（a/an/the）；
b.指示代词（this/that/these/those等）；
c.物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their等）；
d.不定代词（some/no/neither/both等）。
【运用练】 完成句子
①（2024·1月浙江卷）Eva found it impossible to get around in such .
伊娃发现在这么大的楼房里走动是不可能的。
②As for me， English is
.
对我来说，英语是我最喜欢的科目。
③You may ask for help.
你可以向你的英语老师寻求帮助。
④Every afternoon we have
.
每天下午我们都有多种精彩的课外活动。
⑤I am very happy that I will go to the UK as next semester.
我很高兴下学期要去英国做交换生。
2.形容词短语（Adjective Phrase）
【先感悟】
①She is a quite warm-hearted teacher.
②You can go fishing in your spare time， which is really interesting.
③It’s really quite important to have a reasonable work schedule.
④（教材典句）Studying hard isn’t always fun， but I’ll be well prepared for university or whatever else comes in the future.
⑤You’re old enough to travel on the train by yourself.
【会发现】
形容词短语的构成：
句①②： ＋
句③： ＋
句④： ＋ ＋
句⑤： ＋enough
【善归纳】
①形容词短语的定义：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，一般用作定语（修饰名词或代词）、表语或宾语补足语。
②形容词短语的组成：（副词/副词短语）＋形容词＋（介词短语/enough）。
③副词enough在修饰形容词构成形容词短语时，一般放在所修饰的形容词后面。
【运用练】 请用下画线标出下面语段中的形容词短语
Last week， I had a very important quiz in English class.It was so hard for me to answer these questions.I was too worried to tell my mom about my failure in the quiz， wondering that she would be really angry with me.Anyway， she knew I had tried my best and she encouraged me to do better next time.
3.副词短语（Adverb Phrase）
【先感悟】
①（教材典句）First， I had to think very carefully about which courses I wanted to take.
②The children over there are putting something on the round plate.
③Jim jumps far too high and no one can match him.
④I do not know her well enough to ask her for help.
【会发现】
副词短语的构成：
句①②： ＋
句③： ＋
句④： ＋enough
【善归纳】
①副词短语的定义：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词，一般用作状语。
②副词短语的组成：（副词/副词短语）＋副词＋（enough）。
③副词enough在修饰副词构成副词短语时，一般放在所修饰的副词后面。
【运用练】 完成句子
①He to the teacher’s questions.
对老师的提问，他回答得很快。
②I in working in groups.
我在团体合作方面做得很好。
③The coat for her.
这件外套对她来说太小了。
④I wish you’d for us to read it.
我希望你能写得足够清楚，让我们看得懂。
Ⅰ.写出下列句子中加黑部分所属短语类型和所作成分
1.The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei.
2.She studies English very hard.
3.Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends.
4.I’d like to go to the coffee shop this weekend.
5.The exam was surprisingly easy.
6.He looked very worried.
7.Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both humans and animals.
8.John， an old friend of mine， comes from America.
短语类型 充当成分 短语类型 充当成分
1 5
2 6
3 7
4 8
Ⅱ.利用括号中的词汇扩展下列句子
1.It was a chance for us to see animals.（great； all kinds of）
2.We should work harder to protect animals.（much； those； rare）
3.I am confident when I have to talk to different people.（quite）
4.When I was staying with a French family， I saw something unusual.（far more）
提示：完成课后作业 UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ
5 / 5
