第二讲 有提示词类之非谓语动词
限时5分钟，体会非谓语动词的用法。
1．(2025·全国一卷)“The exhibition brings together Go culture，cutting-edge technology and contemporary art，”says Tu．“We hope ________(present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context，and initiate dialogues with minimalist art，conceptual art and expressionism．”
2．(2025·全国二卷)Growing up，my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing，denying me the chance ________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day．
3．(2025·全国二卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________(leave) to sun for a day，well，you're missing out on one of life's wonders．
4．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks， in particular，tend ________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety．
5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers．
6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion，Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed．”
7．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ________(design)with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
8．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，”her fable begins，________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables．
9．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left _______(want) more next time．
10．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the _______(recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace．
11．(2023·全国乙卷)________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing．
12．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents．
非谓语动词作状语
1．动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式用作目的状语，不定式位置灵活，可以用in order to或so as to替换，但后者不位于句首。
(2)only to do sth．为动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接动词不定式作原因状语，常见的这类词有happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate等。
(4)牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(adj．)＋to do”句式，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
2．动词-ing形式作状语
(1)句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，用动词-ing形式。
(2)动词-ing形式作状语可以表示伴随、时间、条件、原因和结果等。
(3)动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然、意料之中的结果。
3．过去分词作状语
句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则用过去分词。过去分词作状语可以表示伴随、时间、条件和原因等。
非谓语动词作定语
1．动词不定式作定语
(1)表示动作还没有发生时用to do。
(2)句中含有first、second、last等序数词以及形容词最高级(＋名词)时，用动词不定式作后置定语。
(3)抽象名词ability、attempt、chance、desire、eagerness、potential、reason、right、something、anything、time、way、wish等后常用动词不定式作后置定语。
2．动词-ing形式作定语
(1)动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行。
(2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作，用being done结构。
(3)动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。
3．过去分词作定语
(1)过去分词作定语表示被动、完成。
(2)过去分词形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”。
非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1．动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1)要求带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
①请求/命令类：ask、tell、order、command、request、require
②建议/鼓励类：advise、encourage、persuade、remind
③允许/禁止类：allow、permit、forbid
④期望/想要类：want、wish、expect、would like
(2)省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
①感官动词：see、hear、watch、notice、observe、feel (注意：被动语态需还原 to)
②使役动词：make、let、have、get (注意：make用于被动语态时需还原 to)
(3)to可省略，也可以保留：
帮助类：help sb．(to) do (to 可省略)
[小贴士Tips] 记忆口诀
·带to的不定式宾语补足语：
“要求、建议、允许、期望” 要带to，
“帮助” 可带可不带，主动被动有不同。
·不带to的不定式宾语补足语：
一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(make，let，have)、四看(see，watch，notice，observe)，被动还原to，“帮助” 可灵活。
2．分词作宾语补足语
(1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示主动、进行。
(2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。
(3)常用分词作宾语补足语的动词：
①感官动词：see、hear、watch、notice、find、observe、feel
②使役动词：have、get、keep、leave
③心理/情感动词(多接过去分词)：want、wish、like、need、find (find sb．/sth．doing/done均可)
3．have的固定用法
(1)have sb．/sth．doing sth．允许/容忍某人做某事；让某人/某物一直做某事
(2)have sth．done
(3)have sb．do sth．让某人做某事
4．with复合结构
(1)“with＋宾语＋to do”表示动作还未发生
(2)“with＋宾语＋doing”表示主动或动作正在进行
(3)“with＋宾语＋done”表示被动或动作已经完成
非谓语动词作宾语
1．作介词的宾语
(1)介词和带介词的固定搭配后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
(2)带介词to的短语后也跟动词-ing形式作宾语。常见的带介词to的短语：
look forward to 盼望
get down to 着手
be used/accustomed to 习惯于
stick to 坚持
pay attention to 注意
devote/commit/apply oneself to 致力于
object to/be opposed to 反对
attach importance to 重视
(3)介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。
2．只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语
avoid、advise、appreciate、allow、admit、consider(考虑)、deny、delay、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、imagine、mind、miss、permit、practice、quit、risk、suggest、give up、be worth、put off、insist on、keep on、succeed in、feel like、get used to等。
3．只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语
agree、arrange、aim、afford、choose、demand、decide、determine、desire、expect、fail、hope、long、learn、manage、offer、pretend、plan、promise、prepare、tend、refuse、want、wish、would like、be willing、can't wait、make up one's mind 等。
4．跟动词-ing形式和不定式宾语均可但含义不同的动词和短语
非谓语动词作主语和表语
1．不定式和动词-ing形式作主语
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用动词-ing形式还是动词不定式作主语。
(2)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
此类常用句型：It is/was＋形容词 (＋for/of sb．)＋to do sth．；It takes sb．some time to do sth．；It's worthwhile to do/doing sth．
(3)动词-ing形式作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动词-ing形式短语放在句末。常用于固定句型It's a waste of time doing...；It's no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...；There is no point doing...等。
2．不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语
(1)动词-ing形式作表语，表示主语的特点/特征，含有“令人……”之意。类似常用的动词-ing形式有 interesting、exciting、surprising、puzzling、amusing、confusing、embarrassing、satisfying等。
(2)过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，含“感到……”之意。类似常用的过去分词有 interested、excited、surprised、puzzled、amused、confused、embarrassed、satisfied等。
(3)不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim、purpose、idea、plan、wish、decision、choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
[小贴士Tips]
(1)过去分词作表语，常常强调或说明主语的状态；过去分词在被动语态中，则强调动作。
(2)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”，后可接动词-ing形式或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”，后常接to be done。
(3)不定式和动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
(一)
(2025·江西南昌模拟)A 98-year-old house in Jing'an District，Shanghai，an exceptional example of cultural blending (融合)，opened to the public on Saturday after it was moved to its new location．
The three-floor structure 1．________ (build) in the 1920s as a residence by two well-known masters in painting，at 412 Weihai Road．After eight years of repair，it has been restored to 2．________ it originally looked like a century ago．Its unique mix of Chinese and Western architectural styles made it stand out in local historic garden houses，said Zhang Ming，an official in charge of the project．
3．________ (feature) two towers with pinnacles (尖峰) on top，it looks similar to 4．________ European castle on the southern side．The entrance is in ancient Greek style．The whole structure combines the architectural style of southern China on the northern side and the Middle-Age Europe．“We managed to obtain the original drawings，furniture，and items to restore 5．________ (it) old look，”said Zhang．
However，it was not easy to preserve the main structure which had been tested for a long time．“Our workers failed to keep the original layout and interior decorations，” she said．“Luckily，we took efforts 6．________ (find) similar materials and used various 7．________ (convention) skills to repair doors and windows．”
Recently，the house，8．________ (name) Cha House，has opened to the public in honor of its founder Cha Chi Ming，who was a successful businessman in Shanghai．Cha House，a symbol of cultural blending，means a lot more to us than simply appealing 9．________ those who appreciate architecture．It also represents modern cities like Shanghai and their 10．________ (open) and inclusiveness．
(二)
(2025·广东湛江模拟)In his article penned in 1934，painter Feng Zikai (1898—1975) recalled his childhood enlightenment (启蒙) as he learned about painting．When he studied Chinese poetry and the Three Character Classic，1．________ 13th-century text for children on Confucian philosophy，he found 2．________ (he)，instead of being attracted by the text，seized by the illustrations．These images 3．________ (attract) him so much that he began coloring them 4．________ (use) pigment (颜料) from his family's dyehouse．
“The children new 5．________ school enjoy coloring illustrations in textbooks，” says Li Hongbo，an art professor at Jilin Normal University．“They may have limited understanding of colors，6．________ they often take pride in their creations and find 7．________ (end) pleasure from such activities．”
Feng's story is shown in the ongoing Mirror to the Future：Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition，8．________ highlights the development of the country's fundamental fine arts education since 1904，at The First Historical Archives (档案) of China in Beijing．
9．________ (organize) by the archives and Beijing Normal University，the exhibition follows the 120-year history of the development of basic fine arts education in China，through 1，359 items，including files，textbooks and teaching aids．
This exhibition shows the rich value of fine arts education in enhancing the ability 10．________ (appreciate) beauty，nurture the soul，and stimulate innovative vitality．It also enables the rich archival resources containing historical，cultural and aesthetic value to integrate into the field of education，giving full play to their roles of preserving history and educating people．
第二讲 有提示词类之非谓语动词
真题体验
1．to present [考查非谓语动词。本空考查hope to do sth．结构，表示“希望做某事”，故填to present。]
2．to discover [考查非谓语动词。the chance to do sth．是固定用法，意为“做某事的机会”，故填to discover。]
3．left [考查非谓语动词。从句中已有谓语，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式；a sheet or shirt与leave之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填left。]
4．to catch [考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词tend，此处应填非谓语。固定搭配tend to do sth．意为“往往会做某事”，故填to catch。]
5．to find [考查非谓语动词。此处考查be＋adj．＋to do结构。be amazed to do sth．是固定搭配，意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。故填to find。]
6．Recalling [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系，应用动词 ing形式作状语。设空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Recalling。]
7．designed [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词短语作后置定语。design和逻辑主语packs之间构成动宾关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填designed。]
8．borrowing [考查非谓语动词。句意：……她的寓言这样开始，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词语。分析句子结构可知，begins是句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语，与逻辑主语her fable之间是主谓关系，所以空处填动词 ing形式borrowing。]
9．wanting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查leave sb．doing sth．结构，表示“使某人一直做某事”。故填wanting。]
10．recognized [考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。]
11．Having visited [考查非谓语动词。结合句意及句中的状语“several times over the last 10 years”可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。故填Having visited。]
12．to be lifted [考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth．to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故填to be lifted。]
语篇综合
(一)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一座位于上海静安区的98年历史建筑——“查公馆”(Cha House)经过修复后重新对公众开放的故事。这座建筑是中西文化融合的典范，其独特的建筑风格和修复过程体现了上海这座现代化城市的历史底蕴与包容性。
1．was built [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语是“The three floor structure”，是单数概念，与“build”之间是被动关系，且根据“in the 1920s”可知，句子应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。]
2．what [考查宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“looked like”的宾语，表示“……的样子”，因此应填what。故填what。]
3．Featuring [考查非谓语动词。句子主语是“it”，与feature之间是主动关系，因此用动词 ing形式作状语。首字母大写。故填Featuring。]
4．a [考查冠词。“European castle”是可数名词单数形式，根据句意可知表示泛指，European的发音以辅音音素开头，因此需要在前面加不定冠词a。故填a。]
5．its [考查代词。空格处需要一个形容词性物主代词，修饰“old look”，根据上下文可知，这里指代的是“Cha House”的旧貌，因此应填形容词性物主代词its。故填its。]
6．to find [考查非谓语动词。take efforts to do sth．是固定搭配，意为“努力去做某事”，因此空格处用不定式作宾语。故填to find。]
7．conventional [考查形容词。空格处需要一个形容词修饰“skills”，表示“传统的”。故填conventional。]
8．named [考查非谓语动词。name与“Cha House”之间是被动关系，因此使用过去分词作定语。故填named。]
9．to [考查固定搭配。appeal to sb．是固定搭配，意为“对某人有吸引力”。故填to。]
10．openness [考查名词。空格处需要一个名词，与“inclusiveness”并列，表示“开放性”。故填openness。]
(二)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述画家丰子恺儿时绘画的启蒙经历，介绍相关美术教育文献展，展现美术教育价值与档案资源的教育作用。
1．a [考查冠词。分析句子可知，“________ 13th century text”是the Three Character Classic的同位语，这里表示“一本”，用不定冠词，且13th century的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。]
2．himself [考查反身代词。分析句子可知，这里指他自己，用反身代词himself作found的宾语。故填himself。]
3．attracted [考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，主语These images与attract为主动关系，再根据上下文可知，这里描述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，attract的过去式是 attracted。故填attracted。]
4．using [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，“________ (use) pigment from his family's dyehouse”在句中作方式状语，he与use之间是主动关系，需用动词 ing形式。故填using。]
5．to [考查介词。new to..．是固定搭配，意为“刚接触……，对……不熟悉”。故填to。]
6．but/yet [考查连词。分析句子可知，此空前后句是转折关系，用but或者yet连接。故填but/yet。]
7．endless [考查形容词。分析句子可知，修饰名词pleasure，应用形容词endless，表示“无尽的”。故填endless。]
8．which [考查定语从句。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词Mirror to the Future：Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition为物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。]
9．Organized [考查非谓语动词。“________ (organize) by the archives and Beijing Normal University”在句中作状语，且exhibition与organize之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词organized，且位于句首时首字母应大写。故填Organized。]
10．to appreciate [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“the ability ________(appreciate) beauty”表示“审美能力”，用不定式作后置定语，修饰ability。故填to appreciate。](共60张PPT)
专题四 语法填空
第二讲 有提示词类之非谓语动词
第一部分 题型突破
真题体验
限时5分钟，体会非谓语动词的用法。
1．(2025·全国一卷)“The exhibition brings together Go culture，cutting-edge technology and contemporary art，”says Tu．“We hope ____________(present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context，and initiate dialogues with minimalist art，conceptual art and expressionism．”
to present
to present [考查非谓语动词。本空考查hope to do sth．结构，表示“希望做某事”，故填to present。]
2．(2025·全国二卷)Growing up，my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing，denying me the chance _____________(discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine—the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day．
to discover [考查非谓语动词。the chance to do sth．是固定用法，意为“做某事的机会”，故填to discover。]
to discover
3．(2025·全国二卷)If you've never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ________(leave) to sun for a day，well，you're missing out on one of life's wonders．
left [考查非谓语动词。从句中已有谓语，所以空处应用非谓语动词形式；a sheet or shirt与leave之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填left。]
left
4．(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks， in particular，tend ____________(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety．
to catch [考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词tend，此处应填非谓语。固定搭配tend to do sth．意为“往往会做某事”，故填to catch。]
to catch
5．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international visibility，said Edmondson，adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed ________(find) the connection between the two great writers．
to find [考查非谓语动词。此处考查be＋adj．＋to do结构。be amazed to do sth．是固定搭配，意为“对做某事感到惊讶”。故填to find。]
to find
6．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)____________(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion，Edmondson said，“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed．”
Recalling
Recalling [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，Edmondson和recall之间为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。设空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Recalling。]
7．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years，some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs ___________(design)with two halves containing separate portions (份)．
designed [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查非谓语动词短语作后置定语。design和逻辑主语packs之间构成动宾关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填designed。]
designed
8．(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings，”her fable begins，___________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables．
borrowing [考查非谓语动词。句意：……她的寓言这样开始，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词语。分析句子结构可知，begins是句子的谓语动词，空处为非谓语，与逻辑主语her fable之间是主谓关系，所以空处填动词-ing形式borrowing。]
borrowing
9．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them，though，one steamer basket is rarely enough，yet two seems greedy，and so I am always left __________(want) more next time．
wanting [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查leave sb．doing sth．结构，表示“使某人一直做某事”。故填wanting。]
wanting
10．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ___________(recognize) home of the soup dumplings，but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao's birthplace．
recognized [考查非谓语动词。此处表示“得到认可的小笼包的发源地”。空处在句中作定语，修饰名词home，且与home之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填过去分词recognized。]
recognized
11．(2023·全国乙卷)_______________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years，I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new，and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing．
Having visited [考查非谓语动词。结合句意及句中的状语“several times over the last 10 years”可知，visit所表示的动作已经发生多次，且发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。故填Having visited。]
Having visited
12．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside，the best xiao long bao have a fine skin，allowing them ____________(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents．
to be lifted [考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的xiao long bao，此处表示“小笼包被从蒸笼里拿出来”。them与lift是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处构成allow sth．to be done结构，意为“允许某事被做”，故填to be lifted。]
to be lifted
考点精析
1．动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式用作目的状语，不定式位置灵活，可以用in order to或so as to替换，但后者不位于句首。
(2)only to do sth．为动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。
非谓语动词作状语
(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接动词不定式作原因状语，常见的这类词有happy、lucky、anxious、proud、disappointed、surprised、delighted、foolish、pleased、fortunate等。
(4)牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(adj．)＋to do”句式，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
2．动词-ing形式作状语
(1)句子的主语是分词动作的发出者，用动词-ing形式。
(2)动词-ing形式作状语可以表示伴随、时间、条件、原因和结果等。
(3)动词-ing形式作结果状语表示自然而然、意料之中的结果。
3．过去分词作状语
句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则用过去分词。过去分词作状语可以表示伴随、时间、条件和原因等。
1．动词不定式作定语
(1)表示动作还没有发生时用to do。
(2)句中含有first、second、last等序数词以及形容词最高级(＋名词)时，用动词不定式作后置定语。
(3)抽象名词ability、attempt、chance、desire、eagerness、potential、reason、right、something、anything、time、way、wish等后常用动词不定式作后置定语。
非谓语动词作定语
2．动词-ing形式作定语
(1)动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行。
(2)若表示被动且正在发生的动作，用being done结构。
(3)动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。
3．过去分词作定语
(1)过去分词作定语表示被动、完成。
(2)过去分词形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”。
1．动词不定式作宾语补足语
(1)要求带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
①请求/命令类：ask、tell、order、command、request、require
②建议/鼓励类：advise、encourage、persuade、remind
③允许/禁止类：allow、permit、forbid
④期望/想要类：want、wish、expect、would like
非谓语动词作宾语补足语
(2)省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：
①感官动词：see、hear、watch、notice、observe、feel (注意：被动语态需还原 to)
②使役动词：make、let、have、get (注意：make用于被动语态时需还原 to)
(3)to可省略，也可以保留：
帮助类：help sb．(to) do (to 可省略)
[小贴士Tips] 记忆口诀
·带to的不定式宾语补足语：
“要求、建议、允许、期望” 要带to，
“帮助” 可带可不带，主动被动有不同。
·不带to的不定式宾语补足语：
一感(feel)、二听(hear，listen to)、三让(make，let，have)、四看(see，watch，notice，observe)，被动还原to，“帮助” 可灵活。
2．分词作宾语补足语
(1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示主动、进行。
(2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成。
(3)常用分词作宾语补足语的动词：
①感官动词：see、hear、watch、notice、find、observe、feel
②使役动词：have、get、keep、leave
③心理/情感动词(多接过去分词)：want、wish、like、need、find (find sb．/sth．doing/done均可)
3．have的固定用法
(1)have sb．/sth．doing sth．允许/容忍某人做某事；让某人/某物一直做某事
(2)have sth．done
(3)have sb．do sth．让某人做某事
4．with复合结构
(1)“with＋宾语＋to do”表示动作还未发生
(2)“with＋宾语＋doing”表示主动或动作正在进行
(3)“with＋宾语＋done”表示被动或动作已经完成
1．作介词的宾语
(1)介词和带介词的固定搭配后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
(2)带介词to的短语后也跟动词-ing形式作宾语。常见的带介词to的短语：
look forward to 盼望
get down to 着手
be used/accustomed to 习惯于
非谓语动词作宾语
stick to 坚持
pay attention to 注意
devote/commit/apply oneself to 致力于
object to/be opposed to 反对
attach importance to 重视
(3)介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省略to。
2．只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语
avoid、advise、appreciate、allow、admit、consider(考虑)、deny、delay、enjoy、escape、excuse、finish、imagine、mind、miss、permit、practice、quit、risk、suggest、give up、be worth、put off、insist on、keep on、succeed in、feel like、get used to等。
3．只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语
agree、arrange、aim、afford、choose、demand、decide、determine、desire、expect、fail、hope、long、learn、manage、offer、pretend、plan、promise、prepare、tend、refuse、want、wish、would like、be willing、can't wait、make up one's mind 等。
4．跟动词-ing形式和不定式宾语均可但含义不同的动词和短语
1．不定式和动词-ing形式作主语
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用动词-ing形式还是动词不定式作主语。
(2)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。
此类常用句型：It is/was＋形容词 (＋for/of sb．)＋to do sth．；It takes sb．some time to do sth．；It's worthwhile to do/doing sth．
非谓语动词作主语和表语
(3)动词-ing形式作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动词-ing形式短语放在句末。常用于固定句型It's a waste of time doing...；It's no use/good doing...；It is useless doing...；There is no point doing...等。
2．不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词作表语
(1)动词-ing形式作表语，表示主语的特点/特征，含有“令人……”之意。类似常用的动词-ing形式有 interesting、exciting、surprising、puzzling、amusing、confusing、embarrassing、satisfying等。
(2)过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，含“感到……”之意。类似常用的过去分词有 interested、excited、surprised、puzzled、amused、confused、embarrassed、satisfied等。
(3)不定式作表语时，表示预定要发生的动作；当主语是aim、purpose、idea、plan、wish、decision、choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。
[小贴士Tips]
(1)过去分词作表语，常常强调或说明主语的状态；过去分词在被动语态中，则强调动作。
(2)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”，后可接动词-ing形式或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”，后常接to be done。
(3)不定式和动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
(一)
(2025·江西南昌模拟)A 98-year-old house in Jing'an District，Shanghai，an exceptional example of cultural blending (融合)，opened to the public on Saturday after it was moved to its new location．
语篇综合
The three-floor structure 1．________ (build) in the 1920s as a residence by two well-known masters in painting，at 412 Weihai Road．After eight years of repair，it has been restored to 2．________ it originally looked like a century ago．Its unique mix of Chinese and Western architectural styles made it stand out in local historic garden houses，said Zhang Ming，an official in charge of the project．
was built
what
3．___________ (feature) two towers with pinnacles (尖峰) on top，it looks similar to 4．________ European castle on the southern side．The entrance is in ancient Greek style．The whole structure combines the architectural style of southern China on the northern side and the Middle-Age Europe．“We managed to obtain the original drawings，furniture，and items to restore 5．________ (it) old look，”said Zhang．
Featuring
a
its
However，it was not easy to preserve the main structure which had been tested for a long time．“Our workers failed to keep the original layout and interior decorations，” she said．“Luckily，we took efforts 6．________ (find) similar materials and used various 7．____________ (convention) skills to repair doors and windows．”
to find
conventional
Recently，the house，8．________ (name) Cha House，has opened to the public in honor of its founder Cha Chi Ming，who was a successful businessman in Shanghai．Cha House，a symbol of cultural blending，means a lot more to us than simply appealing 9．________ those who appreciate architecture．It also represents modern cities like Shanghai and their 10．___________ (open) and inclusiveness．
named
to
openness
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一座位于上海静安区的98年历史建筑——“查公馆”(Cha House)经过修复后重新对公众开放的故事。这座建筑是中西文化融合的典范，其独特的建筑风格和修复过程体现了上海这座现代化城市的历史底蕴与包容性。
1．was built [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句子主语是“The three-floor structure”，是单数概念，与“build”之间是被动关系，且根据“in the 1920s”可知，句子应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。]
2．what [考查宾语从句。空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“looked like”的宾语，表示“……的样子”，因此应填what。故填what。]
3．Featuring [考查非谓语动词。句子主语是“it”，与feature之间是主动关系，因此用动词-ing形式作状语。首字母大写。故填Featuring。]
4．a [考查冠词。“European castle”是可数名词单数形式，根据句意可知表示泛指，European的发音以辅音音素开头，因此需要在前面加不定冠词a。故填a。]
5．its [考查代词。空格处需要一个形容词性物主代词，修饰“old look”，根据上下文可知，这里指代的是“Cha House”的旧貌，因此应填形容词性物主代词its。故填its。]
6．to find [考查非谓语动词。take efforts to do sth．是固定搭配，意为“努力去做某事”，因此空格处用不定式作宾语。故填to find。]
7．conventional [考查形容词。空格处需要一个形容词修饰“skills”，表示“传统的”。故填conventional。]
8．named [考查非谓语动词。name与“Cha House”之间是被动关系，因此使用过去分词作定语。故填named。]
9．to [考查固定搭配。appeal to sb．是固定搭配，意为“对某人有吸引力”。故填to。]
10．openness [考查名词。空格处需要一个名词，与“inclusiveness”并列，表示“开放性”。故填openness。]
(二)
(2025·广东湛江模拟)In his article penned in 1934，painter Feng Zikai (1898—1975) recalled his childhood enlightenment (启蒙) as he learned about painting．When he studied Chinese poetry and the Three Character Classic，1．________ 13th-century text for children on Confucian philosophy，he found 2．________ (he)，instead of being attracted by the text，seized by the illustrations．These images 3．___________ (attract) him so much that he began coloring them 4．________ (use) pigment (颜料) from his family's dyehouse．
a
himself
attracted
using
“The children new 5．_______ school enjoy coloring illustrations in textbooks，” says Li Hongbo，an art professor at Jilin Normal University．“They may have limited understanding of colors，6．_________ they often take pride in their creations and find 7．_________ (end) pleasure from such activities．”
to
but/yet
endless
Feng's story is shown in the ongoing Mirror to the Future：Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition，8．________ highlights the development of the country's fundamental fine arts education since 1904，at The First Historical Archives (档案) of China in Beijing．
which
9．____________ (organize) by the archives and Beijing Normal University，the exhibition follows the 120-year history of the development of basic fine arts education in China，through 1，359 items，including files，textbooks and teaching aids．
Organized
This exhibition shows the rich value of fine arts education in enhancing the ability 10．____________ (appreciate) beauty，nurture the soul，and stimulate innovative vitality．It also enables the rich archival resources containing historical，cultural and aesthetic value to integrate into the field of education，giving full play to their roles of preserving history and educating people．
to appreciate
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述画家丰子恺儿时绘画的启蒙经历，介绍相关美术教育文献展，展现美术教育价值与档案资源的教育作用。
1．a [考查冠词。分析句子可知，“________ 13th-century text”是the Three Character Classic的同位语，这里表示“一本”，用不定冠词，且13th-century的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。]
2．himself [考查反身代词。分析句子可知，这里指他自己，用反身代词himself作found的宾语。故填himself。]
3．attracted [考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，主语These images与attract为主动关系，再根据上下文可知，这里描述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，attract的过去式是 attracted。故填attracted。]
4．using [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，“________ (use) pigment from his family's dyehouse”在句中作方式状语，he与use之间是主动关系，需用动词-ing形式。故填using。]
5．to [考查介词。new to...是固定搭配，意为“刚接触……，对……不熟悉”。故填to。]
6．but/yet [考查连词。分析句子可知，此空前后句是转折关系，用but或者yet连接。故填but/yet。]
7．endless [考查形容词。分析句子可知，修饰名词pleasure，应用形容词endless，表示“无尽的”。故填endless。]
8．which [考查定语从句。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词Mirror to the Future：Chinese Basic Art Education Literature Exhibition为物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。]
9．Organized [考查非谓语动词。“________ (organize) by the archives and Beijing Normal University”在句中作状语，且exhibition与organize之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词organized，且位于句首时首字母应大写。故填Organized。]
10．to appreciate [考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，“the ability ________(appreciate) beauty”表示“审美能力”，用不定式作后置定语，修饰ability。故填to appreciate。]
谢 谢！
