第三讲 有提示词类之词性转换和词形变化
限时5分钟，体会词性转换和词形变化。
1．(2025·全国一卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘________(guide)’ till they lose，”explains Wang Wei，a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition．
2．(2025·全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces，the beauty in the ________(strategy) placement of the pieces，and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings，sculptures，________(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition．
3．(2025·全国二卷)Yet now，I live in the countryside of Zhejiang，China with my Chinese husband and his family，where bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains，chickens are always free-range，and ________(center) heating doesn't exist．
4．(2025·全国二卷)Over time，I've found ________(I) feeling extremely at home here．
5．(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live，thanks to the ________(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air．
6．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the ________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres...
7．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western ________(favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel．
8．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In cold weather，the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants．
9．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective _______(function) structure that is also beautiful．
10．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the ________ (six) century B．C．
提示词为动词的词性转换
1．动词转换为名词
(1)句子分析速定
①名词作表语，表明主语是“什么”，说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征；
②名词作主语、同位语、及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语；
③名词作定语，说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别等；
④名词作主语补足语，补充说明主语；
⑤名词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语。
(2)动词变成名词的常用后缀：-ion、-tion、-ation、-sion、-ment、-ance、-ence、-ption、-ure、-age、-al等。
动词 名词 动词 名词
attract attraction discuss discussion
instruct instruction react reaction
congratulate congratulation appreciate appreciation
hesitate hesitation determine determination
conserve conservation combine combination
assume assumption consume consumption
describe description expose exposure
press pressure pack package
survive survival revive revival
admit admission permit permission
submit submission decide decision
explode explosion divide division
apply application occupy occupation
satisfy satisfaction introduce introduction
compete competition intend intention
solve solution recognize recognition
begin beginning complain complaint
relieve relief choose choice
2．动词转换为形容词
(1)句子分析速定
①形容词作定语，修饰名词或复合不定代词，说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别等；
②形容词作表语，表明主语的性质、特征或状态；
③形容词作补足语，补充说明主语或宾语；
④形容词作状语，说明主语的状态或心理感受。
(2)动词变成形容词的常用后缀：-able、-ive、-ative、-ous、-ing、-(e)d等。
动词 形容词 动词 形容词
believe believable admire admirable
achieve achievable change changeable
notice noticeable accept acceptable
afford affordable enjoy enjoyable
rely reliable forget forgettable
create creative imagine imaginative
conserve conservative inform informative
continue continuous determine determined
educate educated relax relaxed
qualify qualified appeal appealing
challenge challenging inspire inspiring
提示词为形容词或副词的词形变换
1．形容词转换为副词
(1)标志词速解
若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，则应考虑用副词形式。
(2)形容词变副词规律
①一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly；
②以-e结尾的特殊形容词，去e加-ly，如true → truly，due→duly；
③一些以-le或-ble结尾的形容词，去e加-y，如simple → simply，gentle → gently。但whole除外，whole→wholly；
④“辅音字母＋-y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ly，如happy → happily，easy → easily；
⑤以-ic结尾的形容词，加-ally，如economic → economically，basic → basically，energetic → energetically。但 public除外，public→publicly；
⑥以-ll结尾的形容词，加-y，如dull→dully，full→fully；以-l结尾的形容词，加-ly，如gradual→gradually，general→generally，special→specially。
2．形容词、副词的比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①句子中有than，往往需要用比较级；
②设空处前有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal等标志词时用比较级；
③设空处后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时用最高级；
④设空处前有定冠词 the时往往用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，就越……”；
②句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级；
③“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
3．形容词转换为名词
(1)句子分析速定
分析句子结构，若句中缺少主语，应考虑用名词作主语；若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。
(2)形容词变成名词的常用后缀：-ity，-y，-ty，-cy，-ce，-th，-dom，-ness等。
形容词 名词 形容词 名词
major majority minor minority
similar similarity national nationality
real reality equal equality
popular popularity secure security
active activity creative creativity
able ability possible possibility
responsible responsibility difficult difficulty
modest modesty safe safety
certain certainty accurate accuracy
efficient efficiency urgent urgency
emergent emergency current currency
frequent frequency fluent fluency
silent silence patient patience
present presence dependent dependence
important importance significant significance
warm warmth true truth
deep depth wide width
wise wisdom free freedom
happy happiness lonely loneliness
anxious anxiety various variety
brave bravery curious curiosity
提示词为名词的词形变换
1．名词的复数
(1)标志词速解
①名词前有数词(大于1)或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different、 a (large/great) number of等词修饰时用名词的复数形式；
②名词前有one of、among时用名词的复数形式；
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则主语应用名词的复数形式。
(2)构词法全面突破
①一般情况，直接加-s；以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加-es，但是stomach除外，stomach→stomachs；
②以-o结尾的单词除了某些单词，如两人(negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加-es外，其余一般加-s；
③以“辅音字母＋-y”结尾的名词，变y为i加-es，如family→families；以“元音字母＋-y”结尾的名词直接加-s，如toy→toys；
④以-f和-fe结尾的名词少数变f和fe为ves，多数加-s；
⑤单复数同形：Chinese、sheep、deer等；
⑥永远不可数的名词：fun、furniture、progress、advice、weather等；
⑦特殊变化：tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等；
⑧不规则外来词：datum→data、curriculum→curricula、criterion→criteria、analysis→analyses、basis→bases等；
⑨复合名词：grown-up→grown-ups、passer-by→passers-by等；
⑩形容词名词化：favorites最喜欢的人/物品；essentials必需品；valuables贵重物品；greens绿色蔬菜。
2．名词所有格
若提示词为名词，且与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。
(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，所有格形式为-s'或-es'。
3．名词转换为形容词
(1)提示词为名词，若其后为名词，且被设空处修饰，则需要将名词变为形容词。
(2)名词变成形容词的常用后缀：-ful，-less，-ial，-al，-able，-ible，-ive，-ous，-ed，-y，-ic，-ly，-en，-ish，-some，-ern等。
名词 形容词 名词 形容词
beauty beautiful mercy merciful
cheer cheerful color colorful
aim aimless breath breathless
office official face facial
culture cultural center/centre central
emotion emotional person personal
value valuable mass massive
effect effective envy envious
mystery mysterious glory glorious
fame famous danger dangerous
gift gifted anger angry
juice juicy noise noisy
energy energetic strategy strategic
science scientific day daily
week weekly gold golden
wood wooden fool foolish
trouble troublesome east eastern
4．名词转换为动词
(1)提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。
(2)名词变动词的常见前/后缀：en-，-en，-ize，-ify等。
名词 动词 名词 动词
courage encourage danger endanger
length lengthen strength strengthen
apology apologize priority prioritize
beauty beautify class classify
提示词为代词的词形变换
(1)若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式(I、we、you、he等)。
(2)若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语/表语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式(me、us、him、them、it等)和名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours、its等)。
(3)若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词(my、our、your、their等)。
(4)若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词(myself、yourself、himself、itself等)。
(5)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。
提示词为数词的词形变换
1．基数词变序数词的构词法
(1)一般由基数词加-th构成，如sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh、hundredth等。
(2)以-y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加-th，如twentieth、thirtieth等。
(3)不规则变化，如first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth等。
2．与数词有关的固定用法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整十基数词的复数”，如in one's fifties(在某人五十多岁时)。
(2)表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”，如in the thirties(在三十年代)。
(3)分数的表达方法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过1时，分母用复数形式。例如：two-thirds(三分之二)；quarter意为“一刻钟、四分之一”，所以“四分之三”可以表示为three-fourths/three quarters。
(一)
(2025·浙江强基联盟联考)Known as the “male embroiderer”，Ji Qiyu is the nineteenth-generation inheritor of the Zhuang brocade(锦) technique．He has introduced innovations to the art form and has turned the village into 1．________fascinating tourist destination．
Now，about five tourist groups visit the village every month．These 2．________(visitor) spend their time sightseeing，relaxing，and attending cultural workshops，immersing themselves in the charm of the rural 3．________(mountain)village and the unique Zhuang ethnic group culture．
Ji 4．________(grow)up in a family of Zhuang brocade craftsmen．After graduation，Ji returned to his hometown 5．________founded a Zhuang brocade cooperative．His technological advances lowered the barrier for others to learn the craft，6．________(offer)local women the opportunity to work from home and earn an income．
Ji's designs，7．________combine ethnic group costumes and brocade elements，have gained market recognition for their uniqueness and craftsmanship．His innovative approach has not only attracted attention but also 8．________(significant)boosted local job opportunities and sales of agricultural products．
Thanks to Ji's efforts，Zhuang brocade，known for its vibrant colors and intricate patterns，9．_______ (preserve) for decades．With over a thousand years of history，the art form continues to be passed down from generation 10．________ generation．
(二)
(2025·山东省实验中学模拟)Spring is not merely a season of blossoms and sunshine—it's a time 1．________ China's economy bursts into life with new vitality．The “Spring Economy” 2．________ (include) the prosperity in tourism，cultural events，and consumer spending during this dynamic season．In 2025，it has become a powerful engine driving growth across urban and rural areas，integrating natural beauty with cutting-edge technology and 3．________ (innovate) policies．
Take the low-altitude flower viewing in Chongzhou，Sichuan 4．________ example．This activity witnessed a 645% increase in online searches 5．________ (compare) to 2024．
Technology plays a significant role in enhancing the Spring Economy．At Mount Tai in Shandong，exoskeleton robots have enabled tourists to hike 6．________ (comfortable)．Meanwhile，at Wuhan's East Lake Cherry Blossom Garden，drones monitor crowds，ensuring safety while 7．________ (preserve) the beauty of the blossoms．
Rural areas are also gaining the 8．________ (benefit) from the Spring Economy．Zibo's Peach Blossom Art Festival in Shandong appealed to crowds 9．________ (visit) its pink flower fields，significantly boosting local tourism and agricultural sales．
The Spring Economy is far more than just 10．________ short-term phenomenon．It creates color，the Spring Economy is sowing the seeds for a greener，more inclusive future．
第三讲 有提示词类之词性转换和词形变化
真题体验
1．guidance [考查名词。空处在物主代词your之后，需要一个名词作follow的宾语，表示“引导”，故填guidance。]
2．strategic [考查形容词。本空需填一个形容词修饰名词placement，表示“策略上的”，故填strategic。]
digitally [考查副词。本空在过去分词generated之前，应用副词修饰，表示“数字生成地”，故填digitally。]
3．central [考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词heating，应用形容词。central “中央的”，故填central。]
4．myself [考查代词。“find oneself＋动词 ing形式”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”，这里主语是I，应用反身代词myself。]
5．absence [考查名词。此处为“the＋名词＋of...”结构，空处应用所给词的名词形式，故填absence。]
afternoons [考查名词复数。根据前文的“plenty of”可知，这里afternoon要用复数形式，故填afternoons。]
6．largest [考查形容词最高级。根据空前the可知，空处应用形容词最高级。故填largest。]
7．favourites [考查名词复数。根据“such as”后面列举的多个事物可知，最喜爱的东西不止一个，用favourite的复数形式。故填favourites。]
8．closed [考查形容词。句意：在寒冷的天气里，这个建筑物会保持关闭以保护植物。此处stays是系动词，相当于is。其后接形容词表状态。close的形容词形式为closed，表示“封闭的；不开放的”。故填closed。]
9．functional [考查词性转换。此处用形容词修饰后面的名词structure，function作名词讲时，意为“功能，作用”，它的形容词形式是functional，意为“功能的，职能的，实用的”。functional structure意为“功能建筑物”。故填functional。]
10．sixth [考查序数词。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，所以空处应填序数词。故填sixth。]
语篇综合
(一)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了刺绣家Ji Qiyu是如何将他的村庄变成一个迷人的旅游目的地的。他通过创新壮锦的技艺，吸引了游客并为当地妇女提供了在家工作的机会，显著提升了当地就业和农产品销售。他的设计结合了民族服装和锦缎元素，获得了市场认可。壮锦这项拥有千年历史的技艺，在他的努力下得以传承。
1．a [考查冠词。“destination”是可数名词单数，此处表示“一个迷人的旅游目的地”，是泛指，需要用不定冠词。 “fascinating”的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]
2．visitors [考查名词复数。“these”意为“这些”，用来修饰可数名词复数，“visitor” 的复数形式是visitors，表示“这些游客”。故填visitors。]
3．mountainous [考查形容词。修饰名词 village，要用形容词形式。 mountain 的形容词形式为 mountainous，意为“多山的”，故填mountainous。]
4．grew [考查动词的时态。描述过去发生的事情，Ji Qiyu 在一个壮锦手工艺人家族长大是过去的经历，所以用一般过去时，grow 的过去式是 grew。]
5．and [考查并列连词。“returned to his hometown” 和 “founded a Zhuang brocade cooperative”是并列的动作，都发生在Ji Qiyu 毕业后，所以用and 连接。]
6．offering [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，His technological advances lowered the barrier...是主句，后面部分表示自然而然的结果，应用动词 ing形式作结果状语，故填offering。]
7．which [考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Ji's designs，在从句中作主语，指物，所以用关系代词 which 引导。]
8．significantly [考查副词。修饰动词 boosted，要用副词形式。significant 的副词形式是 significantly，意为“显著地”，故填 significantly。]
9．has been preserved [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 for decades可知，这里强调从过去到现在壮锦一直被保存，应用现在完成时，主语 Zhuang brocade 是单数，和preserve之间为被动关系，故填 has been preserved。]
10．to [考查介词。“from generation to generation”是固定短语，意为“一代一代地”，故填to。]
(二)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“春季经济”，包括其涵盖的领域、在城乡的发展情况以及科技在其中所起的作用等，并指出“春季经济”并非短期现象，而是为更绿色、更具包容性的未来播下种子。
1．when [考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词time表时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。]
2．includes [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为The “Spring Economy”，谓语动词使用单数形式。故填includes。]
3．innovative [考查形容词。修饰名词policies需用形容词作定语，innovative意为“创新的”。故填innovative。]
4．for [考查介词。take...for example为固定短语，意为“以……为例”。故填for。]
5．compared [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，a 645% increase in online searches和compare为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填compared。]
6．comfortably [考查副词。修饰动词hike需用副词作状语。故填comfortably。]
7．preserving [考查非谓语动词。preserve与主语drones为主动关系，应用动词 ing形式作状语。故填preserving。]
8．benefits [考查名词复数。此处为名词作宾语，benefit意为“益处”时，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填benefits。]
9．to visit [考查非谓语动词。appeal to sb．to do sth．是固定结构，表示“吸引某人做某事”。故填to visit。]
10．a [考查冠词。phenomenon为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且short term的发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。](共63张PPT)
专题四 语法填空
第三讲 有提示词类之词性转换和词形变化
第一部分 题型突破
真题体验
限时5分钟，体会词性转换和词形变化。
1．(2025·全国一卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘____________(guide)’ till they lose，”explains Wang Wei，a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition．
guidance [考查名词。空处在物主代词your之后，需要一个名词作follow的宾语，表示“引导”，故填guidance。]
guidance
2．(2025·全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces，the beauty in the ___________(strategy) placement of the pieces，and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings，sculptures，________(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition．
strategic
digitally
strategic [考查形容词。本空需填一个形容词修饰名词placement，表示“策略上的”，故填strategic。]
digitally [考查副词。本空在过去分词generated之前，应用副词修饰，表示“数字生成地”，故填digitally。]
3．(2025·全国二卷)Yet now，I live in the countryside of Zhejiang，China with my Chinese husband and his family，where bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains，chickens are always free-range，and ________(center) heating doesn't exist．
central [考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处作定语，修饰名词heating，应用形容词。central “中央的”，故填central。]
central
4．(2025·全国二卷)Over time，I've found ________(I) feeling extremely at home here．
myself [考查代词。“find oneself＋动词-ing形式”表示“发现自己处于某种状态”，这里主语是I，应用反身代词myself。]
myself
5．(2025·全国二卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live，thanks to the ________(absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ___________(afternoon) with lots of fresh air．
absence [考查名词。此处为“the＋名词＋of...”结构，空处应用所给词的名词形式，故填absence。]
afternoons [考查名词复数。根据前文的“plenty of”可知，这里afternoon要用复数形式，故填afternoons。]
absence
afternoons
6．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the ________(large) United States national park—2.2 million acres...
largest [考查形容词最高级。根据空前the可知，空处应用形容词最高级。故填largest。]
largest
7．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western ____________(favourite) such as rosemary，lavender and fennel．
favourites [考查名词复数。根据“such as”后面列举的多个事物可知，最喜爱的东西不止一个，用favourite的复数形式。故填favourites。]
favourites
8．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)In cold weather，the structure stays ________(close) to protect the plants．
closed [考查形容词。句意：在寒冷的天气里，这个建筑物会保持关闭以保护植物。此处stays是系动词，相当于is。其后接形容词表状态。close的形容词形式为closed，表示“封闭的；不开放的”。故填closed。]
closed
9．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective __________(function) structure that is also beautiful．
functional [考查词性转换。此处用形容词修饰后面的名词structure，function作名词讲时，意为“功能，作用”，它的形容词形式是functional，意为“功能的，职能的，实用的”。functional structure意为“功能建筑物”。故填functional。]
functional
10．(2023·全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures，and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the ________ (six) century B．C．
sixth [考查序数词。空前有定冠词the，空后是名词century，所以空处应填序数词。故填sixth。]
sixth
考点精析
1．动词转换为名词
(1)句子分析速定
①名词作表语，表明主语是“什么”，说明主语的性质、状态、身份或特征；
提示词为动词的词性转换
②名词作主语、同位语、及物动词(短语)或介词(短语)的宾语；
③名词作定语，说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别等；
④名词作主语补足语，补充说明主语；
⑤名词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语。
(2)动词变成名词的常用后缀：-ion、-tion、-ation、-sion、-ment、
-ance、-ence、-ption、-ure、-age、-al等。
动词 名词 动词 名词
attract attraction discuss discussion
instruct instruction react reaction
congratulate congratulation appreciate appreciation
hesitate hesitation determine determination
conserve conservation combine combination
动词 名词 动词 名词
assume assumption consume consumption
describe description expose exposure
press pressure pack package
survive survival revive revival
admit admission permit permission
submit submission decide decision
动词 名词 动词 名词
explode explosion divide division
apply application occupy occupation
satisfy satisfaction introduce introduction
compete competition intend intention
solve solution recognize recognition
begin beginning complain complaint
relieve relief choose choice
2．动词转换为形容词
(1)句子分析速定
①形容词作定语，修饰名词或复合不定代词，说明被修饰词的材料、功能、时间、地点、内容、类别等；
②形容词作表语，表明主语的性质、特征或状态；
③形容词作补足语，补充说明主语或宾语；
④形容词作状语，说明主语的状态或心理感受。
(2)动词变成形容词的常用后缀：-able、-ive、-ative、-ous、-ing、-(e)d等。
动词 形容词 动词 形容词
believe believable admire admirable
achieve achievable change changeable
notice noticeable accept acceptable
afford affordable enjoy enjoyable
动词 形容词 动词 形容词
rely reliable forget forgettable
create creative imagine imaginative
conserve conservative inform informative
continue continuous determine determined
educate educated relax relaxed
qualify qualified appeal appealing
challenge challenging inspire inspiring
1．形容词转换为副词
(1)标志词速解
若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，则应考虑用副词形式。
(2)形容词变副词规律
①一般形容词变副词直接在其后加-ly；
提示词为形容词或副词的词形变换
②以-e结尾的特殊形容词，去e加-ly，如true → truly，due→duly；
③一些以-le或-ble结尾的形容词，去e加-y，如simple → simply，gentle → gently。但whole除外，whole→wholly；
④“辅音字母＋-y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ly，如happy→happily，easy → easily；
⑤以-ic结尾的形容词，加-ally，如economic→economically，basic → basically，energetic→energetically。但 public除外，public→publicly；
⑥以-ll结尾的形容词，加-y，如dull→dully，full→fully；以-l结尾的形容词，加-ly，如gradual→gradually，general→generally，special→specially。
2．形容词、副词的比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①句子中有than，往往需要用比较级；
②设空处前有much、far、still、even、rather、a little、a bit、a lot、a great deal等标志词时用比较级；
③设空处后有表示范围的标志词in、of、among等时用最高级；
④设空处前有定冠词 the时往往用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
①“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，就越……”；
②句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级；
③“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
3．形容词转换为名词
(1)句子分析速定
分析句子结构，若句中缺少主语，应考虑用名词作主语；若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。
(2)形容词变成名词的常用后缀：-ity，-y，-ty，-cy，-ce，-th，
-dom，-ness等。
形容词 名词 形容词 名词
major majority minor minority
similar similarity national nationality
real reality equal equality
popular popularity secure security
active activity creative creativity
形容词 名词 形容词 名词
able ability possible possibility
responsible responsibility difficult difficulty
modest modesty safe safety
certain certainty accurate accuracy
efficient efficiency urgent urgency
emergent emergency current currency
形容词 名词 形容词 名词
frequent frequency fluent fluency
silent silence patient patience
present presence dependent dependence
important importance significant significance
warm warmth true truth
形容词 名词 形容词 名词
deep depth wide width
wise wisdom free freedom
happy happiness lonely loneliness
anxious anxiety various variety
brave bravery curious curiosity
1．名词的复数
(1)标志词速解
①名词前有数词(大于1)或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different、 a (large/great) number of等词修饰时用名词的复数形式；
②名词前有one of、among时用名词的复数形式；
③若谓语动词是复数形式，则主语应用名词的复数形式。
提示词为名词的词形变换
(2)构词法全面突破
①一般情况，直接加-s；以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加-es，但是stomach除外，stomach→stomachs；
②以-o结尾的单词除了某些单词，如两人(negro、hero)、两菜(tomato、potato)加-es外，其余一般加-s；
③以“辅音字母＋-y”结尾的名词，变y为i加-es，如family→families；以“元音字母＋-y”结尾的名词直接加-s，如toy→toys；
④以-f和-fe结尾的名词少数变f和fe为ves，多数加-s；
⑤单复数同形：Chinese、sheep、deer等；
⑥永远不可数的名词：fun、furniture、progress、advice、weather等；
⑦特殊变化：tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等；
⑧不规则外来词：datum→data、curriculum→curricula、criterion→criteria、analysis→analyses、basis→bases等；
⑨复合名词：grown-up→grown-ups、passer-by→passers-by等；
⑩形容词名词化：favorites最喜欢的人/物品；essentials必需品；valuables贵重物品；greens绿色蔬菜。
2．名词所有格
若提示词为名词，且与其后的名词是所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。
(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加-'s。
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，所有格形式为-s'或-es'。
3．名词转换为形容词
(1)提示词为名词，若其后为名词，且被设空处修饰，则需要将名词变为形容词。
(2)名词变成形容词的常用后缀：-ful，-less，-ial，-al，-able，-ible，-ive，-ous，-ed，-y，-ic，-ly，-en，-ish，-some，-ern等。
名词 形容词 名词 形容词
beauty beautiful mercy merciful
cheer cheerful color colorful
aim aimless breath breathless
office official face facial
culture cultural center/centre central
名词 形容词 名词 形容词
emotion emotional person personal
value valuable mass massive
effect effective envy envious
mystery mysterious glory glorious
fame famous danger dangerous
gift gifted anger angry
名词 形容词 名词 形容词
juice juicy noise noisy
energy energetic strategy strategic
science scientific day daily
week weekly gold golden
wood wooden fool foolish
trouble troublesome east eastern
4．名词转换为动词
(1)提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。
(2)名词变动词的常见前/后缀：en-，-en，-ize，-ify等。
名词 动词 名词 动词
courage encourage danger endanger
length lengthen strength strengthen
apology apologize priority prioritize
beauty beautify class classify
(1)若分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，则应考虑人称代词的主格形式(I、we、you、he等)。
(2)若分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语/表语，则应考虑人称代词的宾格形式(me、us、him、them、it等)和名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours、its等)。
提示词为代词的词形变换
(3)若分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，则应考虑形容词性物主代词(my、our、your、their等)。
(4)若分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，则应考虑反身代词(myself、yourself、himself、itself等)。
(5)one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。
1．基数词变序数词的构词法
(1)一般由基数词加-th构成，如sixth、seventh、tenth、eleventh、hundredth等。
(2)以-y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加-th，如twentieth、thirtieth等。
(3)不规则变化，如first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth等。
提示词为数词的词形变换
2．与数词有关的固定用法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整十基数词的复数”，如in one's fifties(在某人五十多岁时)。
(2)表达“在几十年代”时，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”，如in the thirties(在三十年代)。
(3)分数的表达方法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子超过1时，分母用复数形式。例如：two-thirds(三分之二)；quarter意为“一刻钟、四分之一”，所以“四分之三”可以表示为three-fourths/three quarters。
(一)
(2025·浙江强基联盟联考)Known as the “male embroiderer”，Ji Qiyu is the nineteenth-generation inheritor of the Zhuang brocade(锦) technique．He has introduced innovations to the art form and has turned the village into 1．________fascinating tourist destination．
语篇综合
a
Now，about five tourist groups visit the village every month．These 2．________(visitor) spend their time sightseeing，relaxing，and attending cultural workshops，immersing themselves in the charm of the rural 3．____________(mountain)village and the unique Zhuang ethnic group culture．
visitors
mountainous
Ji 4．___________(grow)up in a family of Zhuang brocade craftsmen．After graduation，Ji returned to his hometown 5．________
founded a Zhuang brocade cooperative．His technological advances lowered the barrier for others to learn the craft，6．___________(offer)
local women the opportunity to work from home and earn an income．
grew
and
offering
Ji's designs，7．________combine ethnic group costumes and brocade elements，have gained market recognition for their uniqueness and craftsmanship．His innovative approach has not only attracted attention but also 8．_____________(significant)boosted local job opportunities and sales of agricultural products．
which
significantly
Thanks to Ji's efforts，Zhuang brocade，known for its vibrant colors and intricate patterns，9．___________________ (preserve) for decades．With over a thousand years of history，the art form continues to be passed down from generation 10．________ generation．
has been preserved
to
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了刺绣家Ji Qiyu是如何将他的村庄变成一个迷人的旅游目的地的。他通过创新壮锦的技艺，吸引了游客并为当地妇女提供了在家工作的机会，显著提升了当地就业和农产品销售。他的设计结合了民族服装和锦缎元素，获得了市场认可。壮锦这项拥有千年历史的技艺，在他的努力下得以传承。
1．a [考查冠词。“destination”是可数名词单数，此处表示“一个迷人的旅游目的地”，是泛指，需要用不定冠词。 “fascinating”的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。]
2．visitors [考查名词复数。“these”意为“这些”，用来修饰可数名词复数，“visitor” 的复数形式是visitors，表示“这些游客”。故填visitors。]
3．mountainous [考查形容词。修饰名词 village，要用形容词形式。 mountain 的形容词形式为 mountainous，意为“多山的”，故填mountainous。]
4．grew [考查动词的时态。描述过去发生的事情，Ji Qiyu 在一个壮锦手工艺人家族长大是过去的经历，所以用一般过去时，grow 的过去式是 grew。]
5．and [考查并列连词。“returned to his hometown” 和 “founded a Zhuang brocade cooperative”是并列的动作，都发生在Ji Qiyu 毕业后，所以用and 连接。]
6．offering [考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，His technological advances lowered the barrier...是主句，后面部分表示自然而然的结果，应用动词-ing形式作结果状语，故填offering。]
7．which [考查定语从句。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是Ji's designs，在从句中作主语，指物，所以用关系代词 which 引导。]
8．significantly [考查副词。修饰动词 boosted，要用副词形式。significant 的副词形式是 significantly，意为“显著地”，故填 significantly。]
9．has been preserved [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语 for decades可知，这里强调从过去到现在壮锦一直被保存，应用现在完成时，主语 Zhuang brocade 是单数，和preserve之间为被动关系，故填 has been preserved。]
10．to [考查介词。“from generation to generation”是固定短语，意为“一代一代地”，故填to。]
(二)
(2025·山东省实验中学模拟)Spring is not merely a season of blossoms and sunshine—it's a time 1．________ China's economy bursts into life with new vitality．The “Spring Economy” 2．________ (include) the prosperity in tourism，cultural events，and consumer spending during this dynamic season．In 2025，it has become a powerful engine driving growth across urban and rural areas，integrating natural beauty with cutting-edge technology and 3．___________ (innovate) policies．
when
includes
innovative
Take the low-altitude flower viewing in Chongzhou，Sichuan 4．________ example．This activity witnessed a 645% increase in online searches 5．____________ (compare) to 2024．
Technology plays a significant role in enhancing the Spring Economy．At Mount Tai in Shandong，exoskeleton robots have enabled tourists to hike 6．____________ (comfortable)．Meanwhile，at Wuhan's East Lake Cherry Blossom Garden，drones monitor crowds，ensuring safety while 7．_____________ (preserve) the beauty of the blossoms．
for
compared
comfortably
preserving
Rural areas are also gaining the 8．________ (benefit) from the Spring Economy．Zibo's Peach Blossom Art Festival in Shandong appealed to crowds 9．________ (visit) its pink flower fields，significantly boosting local tourism and agricultural sales．
The Spring Economy is far more than just 10．________ short-term phenomenon．It creates color，the Spring Economy is sowing the seeds for a greener，more inclusive future．
benefits
to visit
a
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“春季经济”，包括其涵盖的领域、在城乡的发展情况以及科技在其中所起的作用等，并指出“春季经济”并非短期现象，而是为更绿色、更具包容性的未来播下种子。
1．when [考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词time表时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。]
2．includes [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为The “Spring Economy”，谓语动词使用单数形式。故填includes。]
3．innovative [考查形容词。修饰名词policies需用形容词作定语，innovative意为“创新的”。故填innovative。]
4．for [考查介词。take...for example为固定短语，意为“以……为例”。故填for。]
5．compared [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语，a 645% increase in online searches和compare为逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填compared。]
6．comfortably [考查副词。修饰动词hike需用副词作状语。故填comfortably。]
7．preserving [考查非谓语动词。preserve与主语drones为主动关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语。故填preserving。]
8．benefits [考查名词复数。此处为名词作宾语，benefit意为“益处”时，为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需用名词复数形式。故填benefits。]
9．to visit [考查非谓语动词。appeal to sb．to do sth．是固定结构，表示“吸引某人做某事”。故填to visit。]
10．a [考查冠词。phenomenon为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且short-term的发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。]
谢 谢！
