第五讲 无提示词类之并列连词、从句及特殊句式
限时5分钟，体会并列连词的用法。
1．(2025·全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces，the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces，________ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings，sculptures，digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition．
2．(2024·浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh．
3．(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work，________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination．
4．(2021·浙江6月卷)Although Mary loved flowers，________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener．
5．(2025·全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go，or weiqi in Chinese，________ originated in China more than 4，000 years ago．
6．(2025·全国二卷)Yet now，I live in the countryside of Zhejiang，China with my Chinese husband and his family，________ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains，chickens are always free-range，and central heating doesn't exist．
7．(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool，starry night in mid-September 1870，four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ________ is now northwestern Wyoming．
8．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists．This is ________ they need an English trainer．
9．(2023·天津3月卷)Recently，scientists have started a debate on ________ the computers will “think” like human in half a century．
10．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)________ the two young women were strangers before the meet，they've since become friends．
11．(2023·天津3月卷)________ our hobbies，the Internet can connect us with others who enjoy the same hobbies，even if they live on the other side of the world．
12．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river．
无提示词类之并列连词
1．并列连词“连连看”
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有：and、both...and...(两者都)、not only...but (also)...(不但……而且……)、as well as等。
(2)表示选择关系的有：or/otherwise、either...or...(或者……或者……)、neither...nor...(既不……也不……)、not...but...(不是……而是……)、whether...or...(无论是……还是……)等。
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有：but、yet、while(强调两种情况的对比)、whereas等。
(4)表示因果关系的有：so、for(连接的分句一般不能放在句首)等。
(5)表示让步关系的连词有：though、although、while等。
2．并列连词固定句式
(1)when 意为“这时(突然)”，用于下列固定句式：
①be doing...when...
②be about to do...when...
③be on the point of doing...when...
④had just done...when...
⑤hardly/scarcely...when...
(2)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(and，or 表条件或结果关系)
无提示词类之从句及特殊句式
1．定语从句
(1)关系代词
定语从句中缺主语、宾语或定语时，用关系代词：
①that/which(用来指物)
注意：介词之后或引导非限制性定语从句时，只用which。
②who/whom/that(用来指人)
注意：whom只能作宾语，介词之后只用whom。
③whose作定语，可修饰人或物，表先行词和定语从句的主语之间的所属关系
whose＋n．可以转化为 the＋n．＋of which/whom 或of which/whom the＋n．
④as可指人或物(常用于句首)
(2)关系副词
①引导词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词when、where、why，when/where也可以改为：介词＋which; why改为for which
②牢记case、scene、atmosphere、stage、situation、spot、position、point等名词作先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句
③occasion作先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语时，如果occasion表示“时机”或“时间”就用when引导定语从句，如果occasion表示“场合”或“地点”就用where引导定语从句
(3)“介词＋which/whom”结构
定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时，常用“介词＋which(指物)/whom(指人)”。其中介词的选择遵循以下原则：
一看与先行词的搭配；二看与从句谓语的搭配；三看句意。
(4)指代主句整句话时，意为“这一点、这件事”，用which；意为“正如”，用as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末。
(5)固定句型
①There was a time when...曾经有一段……的时光。
②Days are gone when...……的时光一去不复返。
③The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
2．名词性从句
(1)从句不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，考虑用that引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分，不能用which替换。
(2)从句不缺成分，有疑问，表“是否”时，用whether引导名词性从句，if只可用于动词后的宾语从句中，但后有or not 只能用whether。
(3)分析句子结构，缺少主语、宾语、表语时用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever、whichever、whoever等。
(4)缺少状语(结合句意判断)时用连接副词where (表地点)、when (表时间)、how (表方式或程度)、why (表原因)等。
(5)固定句型
①It be＋形容词/过去分词＋主语从句
②It be＋名词词组(a pity、a surprise、a piece of good news等)＋主语从句
③主语＋谓语动词(find，consider，make，feel，think等)＋it(形式宾语)＋ 宾语补足语(形容词、名词短语等)＋真正的宾语从句
④There is no doubt that...同位语从句
⑤It is no wonder that...主语从句
⑥The reason (why...) is that...表语从句
⑦That is why/because...表语从句
3．状语从句
(1)句意法确定状语从句的引导词
①when、 as、 while、 whenever、 after、 before、 until/till、 as soon as、since、once、by the time、every time；directly、immediately、 the moment、 the minute (一……就……)引导的时间状语从句
②where/wherever引导的地点状语从句
③because/since/as/now that/seeing that/considering that/in that引导的原因状语从句
④if/unless引导的条件状语从句
⑤though/although/while/as/whatever/whoever/however引导的让步状语从句
⑥as、 like、 as if/though引导的方式状语从句
⑦so、 so that、 in case、 in order that、 for fear (that) 等引导的目的状语从句
⑧than、as引导的比较状语从句
⑨so (that)、 with the result that等引导的结果状语从句
(2)固定句式法确定状语从句的引导词
①so/such...that...如此……以至于……
②not...until...直到……才……
③It was/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……
④It is some time(一段时间)＋since...自从……多长时间
⑤whether...or...无论……还是……
(3)状语从句的省略
状语从句如满足以下两个条件，从句的主语和系动词be可省略：
①在when、while、whenever、till、as soon as、if、unless、as if、though、as等引导的状语从句中，从句谓语有系动词be；
②主句主语与从句主语一致或从句主语是it。
4．强调结构
(1)被强调部分是主语且主语为人时用who或that，其他情况用that。
(2)“not...until...”的强调句型：It is/was not until ＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
(3)牢记 “验证公式”：去掉 “It is/was...that/who” 后，剩余部分必须能构成完整句子(主谓宾/主系表完整)。这是判断是否为强调句型的 “金标准”，也是区别于其他句型的关键。
(4)助动词do/does/did＋动词原形，表示“一定、务必”，用以强调谓语。
(一)
(2025·山东淄博模拟)A sign language learning app named ArtfulSign (Miaoshou in Chinese) emerged 1．________ the top winner among 240 participating teams at a computing contest held in Hangzhou，Zhejiang．
ArtfulSign，2．________ (develop) by three hearing-impaired students from Beijing Union University，3．________ (design) to help hearing individuals learn sign language to communicate with others．The most 4．________ (note) feature of the app is the use of AI models in sign language teaching．After learning the real-person video examples 5．________ demonstrate each sign language word，users can activate the camera，and the app will recognize and assess the 6．________ (accurate) of their sign language gestures．
The team leader，Zhao Yuan，a software 7．________ (engineer) graduate student，shoulders the responsibility of planning the development process and oversees the most difficult and time-consuming task—building and training the sign language AI recognition model．Tan Chenglong employs his expertise in visual communication 8．________ (handle) the user interface (界面) and user experience design．One of Tan's thoughtful 9．______ (touch) is allowing users to have their own sign language names．
Currently，few researchers in China study sign language as a natural language from a linguistic(语言学) perspective．The developers hope that everyone can learn some basic sign language．Whether it's out of love and interest，a desire to help those with hearing loss，10．________ simply for situations where speaking is difficult due to illness，sign language can be very useful．
(二)
(2025·湖南娄底二模)Acupuncture (针灸)，an ancient Chinese medical practice，has been a treatment for countless patients for thousands of years．Before modern medicine came 1．________ life，ancient Chinese people used sharpened stone tools and bones 2．________ (relieve) pain．Over time，this practice evolved into 3．________ comprehensive and profound medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture．
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body's self-regulating functions．Its treatment principles are 4．________ (basic) connected with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine，5．________ emphasizes overall treatment and adjustment，balance of bodily functions and physiological well-being．
Practices can vary in forms，including needle insertion，cupping and scraping (刮痧)．Needle insertion，the most common method，6．________ (carry) out by inserting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body．Practitioners may gently twist needles to unblock the flow of energy，restore yin and yang balance，and stimulate the body's innate potential to heal 7．________ (it)．
8．________ (look) beyond China，acupuncture is becoming more and more popular．Over the past decades，acupuncture 9．________ (see) many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine．It is now a mainstream alternative and complementary treatment for a variety of illnesses．According to a 2019 WHO report，acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries，illustrating its widespread 10．________ (recognize) and application．
As an ancient Chinese medical practice with a rich history and deep cultural significance，acupuncture is expected to go further．
(三)
(2025·山东潍坊模拟)Africa is known for its vast natural resources and beautiful landscapes，but it is also home to a rich culture of art．Traditionally，healing (疗愈)，pleasure，protection and transformation have all been central themes in the work of African artists．African art is 1．________ vast and varied category involving masks，sculptures，textiles，and beadwork from across the African continent．There is no one definition of African art，however，there are some common themes 2．________ run throughout this genre (体裁)．
One of the most distinguishing features of African art 3．________ (be) the use of color．Bright colors are often used to express the energy and joy of life，while dark colors can convey 4．________ (sad) or anger．Texture (纹理) is also an important element of African art，with artists often 5．________ (use) complicated patterns and designs 6．________ (create) a sense of movement and dynamism．
African artists often combine instruments into their work．In fact，music represents the importance of creativity and expression within African cultures．By now，traditional African instruments 7．________ (adapt) for use by Western musicians，making their way into genres such as jazz and rock．
Masks are an important part of traditional African culture．Each mask has its own unique design and purpose．In western Africa，wooden masks were 8．________ (initial) worn for religious and formal occasions 9．________ weddings，agricultural work and wartime preparations．“The mask does not hide；it reveals the true face of the spirit．” The quote shows 10．________ a mask in African culture means．
第五讲 无提示词类之并列连词、从句及特殊句式
真题体验
1．and [考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处和上文the balance between the black and white pieces及the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces是并列的平行关系，应用and连接。]
2．or [考查固定句式。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。]
3．but/yet [考查连词。前后分句之间是转折关系，故填but/yet。]
4．neither [考查固定搭配。neither...nor为固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。]
5．which [考查定语从句。本句的主干是“An exhibition is featuring artwork”，结构完整，故本空需要一个引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，因为从句中缺少主语，且先行词“Go”指代物，因此用关系代词which。]
6．where [考查定语从句。根据语境可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the countryside of Zhejiang，China，从句成分完整，故用where引导，相当于in which。]
7．what [考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，一个凉爽的繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在位于现在怀俄明州西北部的火洞河河边的营火前放松。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作主语，故填what。]
8．why [考查表语从句。根据句意“他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的原因。”可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why...”，故填why。]
9．whether [考查宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处是表示“是否”，在介词on后，要用连接代词whether引导宾语从句，而不用if，故填whether。]
10．While/Although/Though [分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，应用while，although或though引导。句首单词首字母应大写。]
11．Whatever [考查状语从句。________ our hobbies 为省略句，其完整句子为________ our hobbies are，从句缺少表语，指物，所以用whatever引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”。]
12．When/As [考查连词。根据句意和句子结构可知，应用when/as引导时间状语从句。when/as在句中表示“当……时”，句首单词首字母大写，故填When/As。]
语篇综合
(一)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为ArtfulSign(中文名为“妙手”)的手语学习应用软件，包括其开发背景、功能特点、开发团队以及开发目的等信息。
1．as [考查介词。emerge as为固定搭配，意为“成为”。故填as。]
2．developed [考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，修饰ArtfulSign，且ArtfulSign与develop之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填developed。]
3．is designed [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是“被设计”的意思，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语与谓语构成被动关系，主语为ArtfulSign，be动词用is。故填is designed。]
4．notable [考查形容词。空处应用形容词notable作定语修饰名词feature。故填notable。]
5．that/which [考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词examples在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。]
6．accuracy [考查名词。空处表示“准确性”，应用名词accuracy作宾语。故填accuracy。]
7．engineering [考查名词。空处表示“工程”，且为不可数名词，作定语，修饰名词短语graduate student。故填engineering。]
8．to handle [考查非谓语动词。空处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。]
9．touches [考查名词复数。touch在此处表示“特点，巧妙之处”，为可数名词，且前文有one of修饰，故应用复数形式。故填touches。]
10．or [考查连词。whether...or...为固定句型，意为“无论……还是……”。故填or。]
(二)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针灸这一古老的中国医学实践的历史、原理、实践方法以及其在全球范围内的应用情况。
1．to [考查固定短语。句意：在现代医学出现之前，古代中国人使用磨尖的石器和骨头来缓解疼痛。come to life“出现，产生”。故填to。]
2．to relieve [考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to relieve。]
3．a [考查冠词。句意：随着时间的推移，这种实践演变成了一个全面而深刻的医疗体系，并形成了针灸的根源。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰；comprehensive的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。]
4．basically [考查词性转换。句意：它的治疗原则基本上与传统的中医哲学概念相联系，强调整体治疗和调整、身体功能的平衡和生理健康。分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰空后的“connected”，用副词形式。故填basically。]
5．which [考查非限制性定语从句。句意同上题。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“traditional Chinese medicine”，指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。]
6．is carried [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：最常见的方法是针刺，通过将头发粗细的针插入身体的特定穴位来实现。这里为本句的谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“Needle insertion”，单数，和动词短语“carry out”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is carried。]
7．itself [考查反身代词。句意：针灸师可能会轻轻扭动针以疏通能量流动，恢复阴阳平衡，并刺激身体固有的自我修复潜力。这里作宾语，指的是上文的“the body”，用反身代词。故填itself。]
8．Looking [考查非谓语动词。句意：放眼中国之外，针灸越来越受欢迎。非谓语动词作状语，和主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，用动词ing形式；设空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Looking。]
9．has seen [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，针灸在科学研究和现代医学方面取得了许多进展。这里为本句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“Over the past decades”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“acupuncture”，单数，助动词用has。故填has seen。]
10．recognition [考查词性转换。句意：根据2019年世界卫生组织的一份报告，针灸在其120个成员国中的113个国家中使用，这表明了其广泛的认可和应用。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语，和空后的“application”保持一致，应用名词。故填recognition。]
(三)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲艺术的丰富内涵，包括其核心主题、显著特点(如色彩和纹理的运用)、与音乐的结合，以及面具在传统文化中的重要性。
1．a [考查冠词。category为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个广泛而多样的类别”，且vast是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。]
2．that/which [考查定语从句。此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为themes，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。]
3．is [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语One of the most distinguishing features为单数概念，所以用is。故填is。]
4．sadness [考查名词。此处与anger并列，作convey的宾语，用sad的名词sadness，意为“悲伤”。故填sadness。]
5．using [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作宾补，artists与use为主动关系，用动词ing形式using。故填using。]
6．to create [考查非谓语动词。此处为use sth．to do sth．意为“用某物做某事”，用动词不定式to create作目的状语。故填to create。]
7．have been adapted [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语By now(到目前为止)可知，此处用现在完成时；instruments与adapt之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；且主语为名词复数，所以助动词用复数形式。故填have been adapted。]
8．initially [考查副词。此处修饰动词worn，用initial的副词形式initially，意为“最初”。故填initially。]
9．like [考查介词。空后为名词短语，列举木质面具的佩戴场合，所以此处表示举例，用介词like，意为“例如”。故填like。]
10．what [考查宾语从句。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作shows的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，用连接代词what，意为“……的事物”。故填what。](共60张PPT)
专题四 语法填空
第五讲 无提示词类之并列连
词、从句及特殊句式
第一部分 题型突破
真题体验
限时5分钟，体会并列连词的用法。
1．(2025·全国一卷)Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces，the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces，________ the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings，sculptures，digitally generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition．
and
and [考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处和上文the balance between the black and white pieces及the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces是并列的平行关系，应用and连接。]
2．(2024·浙江1月卷)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home ________ you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh．
or [考查固定句式。either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定句式，所以此处应用连词or。]
or
3．(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work，________ somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination．
but/yet [考查连词。前后分句之间是转折关系，故填but/yet。]
but/yet
4．(2021·浙江6月卷)Although Mary loved flowers，________ she nor her husband was known as a gardener．
neither [考查固定搭配。neither...nor为固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。]
neither
5．(2025·全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go，or weiqi in Chinese，________ originated in China more than 4，000 years ago．
which
which [考查定语从句。本句的主干是“An exhibition is featuring artwork”，结构完整，故本空需要一个引导非限制性定语从句的关系词，因为从句中缺少主语，且先行词“Go”指代物，因此用关系代词which。]
6．(2025·全国二卷)Yet now，I live in the countryside of Zhejiang，China with my Chinese husband and his family，________ bamboo and tea bushes(灌木) grow wild in the mountains，chickens are always free-range，and central heating doesn't exist．
where [考查定语从句。根据语境可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the countryside of Zhejiang，China，从句成分完整，故用where引导，相当于in which。]
where
7．(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool，starry night in mid-September 1870，four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ________ is now northwestern Wyoming．
what [考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，一个凉爽的繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在位于现在怀俄明州西北部的火洞河河边的营火前放松。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作主语，故填what。]
what
8．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists．This is ________ they need an English trainer．
why [考查表语从句。根据句意“他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的原因。”可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why...”，故填why。]
why
9．(2023·天津3月卷)Recently，scientists have started a debate on __________ the computers will “think” like human in half a century．
whether [考查宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处是表示“是否”，在介词on后，要用连接代词whether引导宾语从句，而不用if，故填whether。]
whether
10．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)_______________________ the two young women were strangers before the meet，they've since become friends．
While/Although/Though [分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”，应用while，although或though引导。句首单词首字母应大写。]
While/Although/Though
11．(2023·天津3月卷)_____________ our hobbies，the Internet can connect us with others who enjoy the same hobbies，even if they live on the other side of the world．
Whatever [考查状语从句。________ our hobbies 为省略句，其完整句子为________ our hobbies are，从句缺少表语，指物，所以用whatever引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”。]
Whatever
12．(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)___________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist，they smiled and pointed down the river．
When/As [考查连词。根据句意和句子结构可知，应用when/as引导时间状语从句。when/as在句中表示“当……时”，句首单词首字母大写，故填When/As。]
When/As
考点精析
1．并列连词“连连看”
(1)表示并列或递进关系的有：and、both...and...(两者都)、not only...but (also)...(不但……而且……)、as well as等。
(2)表示选择关系的有：or/otherwise、either...or...(或者……或者……)、neither...nor...(既不……也不……)、not...but...(不是……而是……)、whether...or...(无论是……还是……)等。
无提示词类之并列连词
(3)表示转折或对比关系的有：but、yet、while(强调两种情况的对比)、whereas等。
(4)表示因果关系的有：so、for(连接的分句一般不能放在句首)等。
(5)表示让步关系的连词有：though、although、while等。
2．并列连词固定句式
(1)when 意为“这时(突然)”，用于下列固定句式：
①be doing...when...
②be about to do...when...
③be on the point of doing...when...
④had just done...when...
⑤hardly/scarcely...when…
(2)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句(and，or 表条件或结果关系)
1．定语从句
(1)关系代词
定语从句中缺主语、宾语或定语时，用关系代词：
①that/which(用来指物)
注意：介词之后或引导非限制性定语从句时，只用which。
无提示词类之从句及特殊句式
②who/whom/that(用来指人)
注意：whom只能作宾语，介词之后只用whom。
③whose作定语，可修饰人或物，表先行词和定语从句的主语之间的所属关系
whose＋n．可以转化为 the＋n．＋of which/whom 或of which/whom the＋n．
④as可指人或物(常用于句首)
(2)关系副词
①引导词在定语从句中作状语，用关系副词when、where、why，when/where也可以改为：介词＋which; why改为for which
②牢记case、scene、atmosphere、stage、situation、spot、position、point等名词作先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副词where引导定语从句
③occasion作先行词，引导词在定语从句中作状语时，如果occasion表示“时机”或“时间”就用when引导定语从句，如果occasion表示“场合”或“地点”就用where引导定语从句
(3)“介词＋which/whom”结构
定语从句中不缺主语或宾语时，常用“介词＋which(指物)/whom(指人)”。其中介词的选择遵循以下原则：
一看与先行词的搭配；二看与从句谓语的搭配；三看句意。
(4)指代主句整句话时，意为“这一点、这件事”，用which；意为“正如”，用as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句首、句中或句末。
(5)固定句型
①There was a time when...曾经有一段……的时光。
②Days are gone when...……的时光一去不复返。
③The reason why...is that...……的原因是……
2．名词性从句
(1)从句不缺任何成分且句子意义完整，考虑用that引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，此时that没有词义，也不作任何成分，不能用which替换。
(2)从句不缺成分，有疑问，表“是否”时，用whether引导名词性从句，if只可用于动词后的宾语从句中，但后有or not 只能用whether。
(3)分析句子结构，缺少主语、宾语、表语时用连接代词what、who、whom、which、whatever、whichever、whoever等。
(4)缺少状语(结合句意判断)时用连接副词where (表地点)、when (表时间)、how (表方式或程度)、why (表原因)等。
(5)固定句型
①It be＋形容词/过去分词＋主语从句
②It be＋名词词组(a pity、a surprise、a piece of good news等)＋主语从句
③主语＋谓语动词(find，consider，make，feel，think等)＋it(形式宾语)＋ 宾语补足语(形容词、名词短语等)＋真正的宾语从句
④There is no doubt that...同位语从句
⑤It is no wonder that...主语从句
⑥The reason (why...) is that...表语从句
⑦That is why/because...表语从句
3．状语从句
(1)句意法确定状语从句的引导词
①when、 as、 while、 whenever、 after、 before、 until/till、 as soon as、since、once、by the time、every time；directly、immediately、 the moment、 the minute (一……就……)引导的时间状语从句
②where/wherever引导的地点状语从句
③because/since/as/now that/seeing that/considering that/in that引导的原因状语从句
④if/unless引导的条件状语从句
⑤though/although/while/as/whatever/whoever/however引导的让步状语从句
⑥as、 like、 as if/though引导的方式状语从句
⑦so、 so that、 in case、 in order that、 for fear (that) 等引导的目的状语从句
⑧than、as引导的比较状语从句
⑨so (that)、 with the result that等引导的结果状语从句
(2)固定句式法确定状语从句的引导词
①so/such...that...如此……以至于……
②not...until...直到……才……
③It was/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...过了多少时间才/没过多长时间就……
④It is some time(一段时间)＋since...自从……多长时间
⑤whether...or...无论……还是……
(3)状语从句的省略
状语从句如满足以下两个条件，从句的主语和系动词be可省略：
①在when、while、whenever、till、as soon as、if、unless、as if、though、as等引导的状语从句中，从句谓语有系动词be；
②主句主语与从句主语一致或从句主语是it。
4．强调结构
(1)被强调部分是主语且主语为人时用who或that，其他情况用that。
(2)“not...until...”的强调句型：It is/was not until ＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。
(3)牢记 “验证公式”：去掉 “It is/was...that/who” 后，剩余部分必须能构成完整句子(主谓宾/主系表完整)。这是判断是否为强调句型的 “金标准”，也是区别于其他句型的关键。
(4)助动词do/does/did＋动词原形，表示“一定、务必”，用以强调谓语。
(一)
(2025·山东淄博模拟)A sign language learning app named ArtfulSign (Miaoshou in Chinese) emerged 1．________ the top winner among 240 participating teams at a computing contest held in Hangzhou，Zhejiang．
语篇综合
as
ArtfulSign，2．___________ (develop) by three hearing-impaired students from Beijing Union University，3．____________ (design) to help hearing individuals learn sign language to communicate with others．The most 4．________ (note) feature of the app is the use of AI models in sign language teaching．After learning the real-person video examples 5．___________ demonstrate each sign language word，users can activate the camera，and the app will recognize and assess the 6．________ (accurate) of their sign language gestures．
developed
is designed
notable
that/which
accuracy
The team leader，Zhao Yuan，a software 7．____________ (engineer) graduate student，shoulders the responsibility of planning the development process and oversees the most difficult and time-consuming task—building and training the sign language AI recognition model．Tan Chenglong employs his expertise in visual communication 8．___________ (handle) the user interface (界面) and user experience design．One of Tan's thoughtful 9．_________ (touch) is allowing users to have their own sign language names．
engineering
to handle
touches
Currently，few researchers in China study sign language as a natural language from a linguistic(语言学) perspective．The developers hope that everyone can learn some basic sign language．Whether it's out of love and interest，a desire to help those with hearing loss，10．________ simply for situations where speaking is difficult due to illness，sign language can be very useful．
or
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款名为ArtfulSign(中文名为“妙手”)的手语学习应用软件，包括其开发背景、功能特点、开发团队以及开发目的等信息。
1．as [考查介词。emerge as为固定搭配，意为“成为”。故填as。]
2．developed [考查非谓语动词。空处作后置定语，修饰ArtfulSign，且ArtfulSign与develop之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填developed。]
3．is designed [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处是“被设计”的意思，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语与谓语构成被动关系，主语为ArtfulSign，be动词用is。故填is designed。]
4．notable [考查形容词。空处应用形容词notable作定语修饰名词feature。故填notable。]
5．that/which [考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词examples在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。]
6．accuracy [考查名词。空处表示“准确性”，应用名词accuracy作宾语。故填accuracy。]
7．engineering [考查名词。空处表示“工程”，且为不可数名词，作定语，修饰名词短语graduate student。故填engineering。]
8．to handle [考查非谓语动词。空处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to handle。]
9．touches [考查名词复数。touch在此处表示“特点，巧妙之处”，为可数名词，且前文有one of修饰，故应用复数形式。故填touches。]
10．or [考查连词。whether...or...为固定句型，意为“无论……还是……”。故填or。]
(二)
(2025·湖南娄底二模)Acupuncture (针灸)，an ancient Chinese medical practice，has been a treatment for countless patients for thousands of years．Before modern medicine came 1．________ life，ancient Chinese people used sharpened stone tools and bones 2．__________ (relieve) pain．Over time，this practice evolved into 3．________ comprehensive and profound medical system and shaped the root of acupuncture．
to
to relieve
a
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to promote the body's self-regulating functions．Its treatment principles are 4．________ (basic) connected with the philosophical concepts of traditional Chinese medicine，5．________ emphasizes overall treatment and adjustment，balance of bodily functions and physiological well-being．
basically
which
Practices can vary in forms，including needle insertion，cupping and scraping (刮痧)．Needle insertion，the most common method，6．__________ (carry) out by inserting hair-thin needles into specific points on the body．Practitioners may gently twist needles to unblock the flow of energy，restore yin and yang balance，and stimulate the body's innate potential to heal 7．________ (it)．
is carried
itself
8．________ (look) beyond China，acupuncture is becoming more and more popular．Over the past decades，acupuncture 9．________ (see) many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine．It is now a mainstream alternative and complementary treatment for a variety of illnesses．According to a 2019 WHO report，acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries，illustrating its widespread 10．___________ (recognize) and application．
Looking
has seen
recognition
As an ancient Chinese medical practice with a rich history and deep cultural significance，acupuncture is expected to go further．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针灸这一古老的中国医学实践的历史、原理、实践方法以及其在全球范围内的应用情况。
1．to [考查固定短语。句意：在现代医学出现之前，古代中国人使用磨尖的石器和骨头来缓解疼痛。come to life“出现，产生”。故填to。]
2．to relieve [考查非谓语动词。句意同上题。非谓语动词作目的状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to relieve。]
3．a [考查冠词。句意：随着时间的推移，这种实践演变成了一个全面而深刻的医疗体系，并形成了针灸的根源。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰；comprehensive的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。]
4．basically [考查词性转换。句意：它的治疗原则基本上与传统的中医哲学概念相联系，强调整体治疗和调整、身体功能的平衡和生理健康。分析句子成分可知，设空处修饰空后的“connected”，用副词形式。故填basically。]
5．which [考查非限制性定语从句。句意同上题。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“traditional Chinese medicine”，指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。]
6．is carried [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：最常见的方法是针刺，通过将头发粗细的针插入身体的特定穴位来实现。这里为本句的谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“Needle insertion”，单数，和动词短语“carry out”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is carried。]
7．itself [考查反身代词。句意：针灸师可能会轻轻扭动针以疏通能量流动，恢复阴阳平衡，并刺激身体固有的自我修复潜力。这里作宾语，指的是上文的“the body”，用反身代词。故填itself。]
8．Looking [考查非谓语动词。句意：放眼中国之外，针灸越来越受欢迎。非谓语动词作状语，和主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，用动词-ing形式；设空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填Looking。]
9．has seen [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，针灸在科学研究和现代医学方面取得了许多进展。这里为本句的谓语动词，根据时间状语“Over the past decades”可知，本句时态为现在完成时；主语为“acupuncture”，单数，助动词用has。故填has seen。]
10．recognition [考查词性转换。句意：根据2019年世界卫生组织的一份报告，针灸在其120个成员国中的113个国家中使用，这表明了其广泛的认可和应用。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语，和空后的“application”保持一致，应用名词。故填recognition。]
(三)
(2025·山东潍坊模拟)Africa is known for its vast natural resources and beautiful landscapes，but it is also home to a rich culture of art．Traditionally，healing (疗愈)，pleasure，protection and transformation have all been central themes in the work of African artists．African art is 1．________ vast and varied category involving masks，sculptures，textiles，and beadwork from across the African continent．There is no one definition of African art，however，there are some common themes 2．___________ run throughout this genre (体裁)．
a
that/which
One of the most distinguishing features of African art 3．________ (be) the use of color．Bright colors are often used to express the energy and joy of life，while dark colors can convey 4．________ (sad) or anger．Texture (纹理) is also an important element of African art，with artists often 5．________ (use) complicated patterns and designs 6．__________ (create) a sense of movement and dynamism．
is
sadness
using
to create
African artists often combine instruments into their work．In fact，music represents the importance of creativity and expression within African cultures．By now，traditional African instruments 7．__________________ (adapt) for use by Western musicians，making their way into genres such as jazz and rock．
have been adapted
Masks are an important part of traditional African culture．Each mask has its own unique design and purpose．In western Africa，wooden masks were 8．________ (initial) worn for religious and formal occasions 9．________ weddings，agricultural work and wartime preparations．“The mask does not hide；it reveals the true face of the spirit．” The quote shows 10．________ a mask in African culture means．
initially
like
what
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲艺术的丰富内涵，包括其核心主题、显著特点(如色彩和纹理的运用)、与音乐的结合，以及面具在传统文化中的重要性。
1．a [考查冠词。category为可数名词单数，此处泛指“一个广泛而多样的类别”，且vast是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。]
2．that/which [考查定语从句。此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为themes，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。]
3．is [考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语One of the most distinguishing features为单数概念，所以用is。故填is。]
4．sadness [考查名词。此处与anger并列，作convey的宾语，用sad的名词sadness，意为“悲伤”。故填sadness。]
5．using [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作宾补，artists与use为主动关系，用动词-ing形式using。故填using。]
6．to create [考查非谓语动词。此处为use sth．to do sth．意为“用某物做某事”，用动词不定式to create作目的状语。故填to create。]
7．have been adapted [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语By now(到目前为止)可知，此处用现在完成时；instruments与adapt之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态；且主语为名词复数，所以助动词用复数形式。故填have been adapted。]
8．initially [考查副词。此处修饰动词worn，用initial的副词形式initially，意为“最初”。故填initially。]
9．like [考查介词。空后为名词短语，列举木质面具的佩戴场合，所以此处表示举例，用介词like，意为“例如”。故填like。]
10．what [考查宾语从句。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作shows的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，用连接代词what，意为“……的事物”。故填what。]
谢 谢！
