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2026年春牛津译林版九年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练
Unit 4 Life on Mars
核心语法:动词被动语态
一、核心概念
1. 什么是被动语态?
语态:表示主语和谓语之间的关系
主动语态:主语是动作的执行者
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者
2. 基本转换公式:
主动:S + V + O
被动:S + be + p.p. + (by + O)
二、被动语态的构成
1. 核心结构:be + 过去分词(p.p.)
be动词随人称、数和时态变化
过去分词保持不变
2. 不同时态的被动语态构成表:
时态 主动语态 被动语态结构 例句
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + p.p. English is spoken worldwide.
一般过去时 did was/were + p.p. The house was built in 1990.
一般将来时 will do will be + p.p. A meeting will be held tomorrow.
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + p.p. The road is being repaired.
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being + p.p. The car was being cleaned at that time.
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + p.p. The work has been finished.
过去完成时 had done had been + p.p. The letter had been sent before he came.
含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+p.p. The rules must be obeyed.
三、被动语态的用法
1. 使用被动语态的六种情况:
不知道动作执行者
My bike was stolen last night.(不知道谁偷的)
不需要指出动作执行者
English is spoken in many countries.(不需要指出谁说)
强调动作承受者
This book was written by Lu Xun.(强调这本书)
出于礼貌或委婉
Some mistakes were made in your homework.(委婉指出错误)
科技文章、新闻报道
A new hospital will be built here.(新闻报道)
客观说明
Smoking is not allowed here.(规章制度)
2. 不用被动语态的情况:
不及物动词(没有宾语)
happen, appear, disappear, rise, fall等
例:The accident happened yesterday.(√)
例:The accident was happened yesterday.(×)
系动词
be, become, seem, feel, look, sound等
表示状态或关系的动词
have, own, possess, belong to, cost, weigh等
例:I have a book.(√)→ A book is had by me.(×)
四、被动语态的转换
主动变被动三步法:
1、找宾语:主动句宾语 → 被动句主语
2、变谓语:动词 → be + p.p.(注意时态一致)
3、加by短语:动作执行者前加by(可省略)
示例对比表:
主动句 被动句
They speak English. English is spoken (by them).
She wrote a letter. A letter was written (by her).
We will finish the work. The work will be finished (by us).
He is repairing the car. The car is being repaired (by him).
They have cleaned the room. The room has been cleaned (by them).
五、特殊句型的被动语态
1. 双宾语动词的被动语态
主动:He gave me a book.
被动1:I was given a book by him.(人作主语)
被动2:A book was given to me by him.(物作主语)
2. 复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的被动语态
主动:We call him Tom.
被动:He is called Tom by us.
注意:宾补位置不变
3. 短语动词的被动语态
保持短语完整性
主动:They looked after the children well.
被动:The children were looked after well.
常用短语:look at, listen to, take care of, look for, turn on/off等
4. 含有情态动词的被动语态
结构:情态动词 + be + p.p.
例:The work must be done today.
六、by短语的使用
1. 必须用by短语的情况:
动作执行者是句子重点
The window was broken by Tom, not by John.
动作执行者是特指的人或物
This song was written by Jay Chou.
2. 可以省略by短语的情况:
不知道动作执行者
动作执行者不重要或不明显
动作执行者是泛指
Rice is grown in the south.(by farmers省略)
3. 用其他介词代替by的情况:
with(使用工具)
The tree was cut down with an axe.
in(用某种语言)
The letter was written in English.
七、常见错误提醒
1、遗漏be动词(最易错!)
The room cleaned every day.
The room is cleaned every day.
2、be动词形式错误
The books is read by many students.
The books are read by many students.
3、用错过去分词
The letter was wrote yesterday.
The letter was written yesterday.
4、不及物动词用被动
The accident was happened.
The accident happened.
5、by短语位置错误
Was built the house by them last year
Was the house built by them last year
6、短语动词介词遗漏
The children were looked well.
The children were looked after well.
1.—Could you tell me _________
—PSP.
A.what it is called B.how is it called
C.how it calls D.what is it called
2.—Who ate my ice-cream
—It by Eddie.
A.is eaten B.was eaten C.has eaten D.has been eaten
3.Two students to the opening ceremony last Friday.
A.hundreds; were invited
B.hundred; were invited
C.hundreds of; invited
4.Our classroom ______ every day. We can study comfortably in it.
A.clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.was cleaned
5.You lunch at school. So you don't have to bring your own food.
A.give B.will give C.are given D.have given
6.Don't put off today's work for tomorrow. I mean , today's work _____today.
A.may do B.must do C.may be done D.must be done
7.More and more money ________________ on the protection of the environment in the future.
A.is spent B.will spend C.will be spent D.may spend
8.—These days, teenagers often have to do what they ______ to.
— It's not good for their independence. They need to think on their own.
A.tell B.are telling C.are told D.were told
9.May Day will have a concert this year. Now the tickets online.
A.sell B.were sold C.are sold D.will sell
10.Even a drop of water ______because it is so important to all the living things.
A.must waste B.must be wasted
C.mustn't waste D.mustn't be wasted
11.—Do you think teenagers ________ to make their own decisions
—No, I don't agree with you. They're too young to do that.
A.encourage B.are encouraging
C.are encouraged D.were encouraged
12.—More and more people play with mobile phones instead of reading books all day .
—That's too bad. Everyone __________ to use it. Reading is more enjoyable.
A.may be allowed B.shouldn't be allowed
C.don't allowed D.wasn't allowed
13.He is often made ______________ for twelve hours a day by his boss.
A.work B.working C.to work D.to be working
14.—Zongzi to students for free in our school dining hall tonight.
—Really That sounds cool!
A.offer B.have offered
C.are offered D.will be offered
15. As the number of Chinese tourists to South Korea dropped sharply, many hotel bookings ____.
A.cancelled B.will cancel
C.were cancelled D.are cancelled
16.An official ________by some reporters on the traffic problems in Shanghai last Friday.
A.is interviewing B.is interviewed
C.was interviewing D.was interviewed
17.Many books on science _____ since I went to college.
A.were bought B.have been bought
C.will be bought D.are bought
18.The Olympic Games of 2016 ________in Brazil.
A.is hold B.was held C.be held D.held
19.Han Han's books are popular. They _______by many teenagers.
A.is read B.read C.are read
20.—Didn't you see the sign“No parking!”on the right
—Sorry,I didn't.But now I know parking here.
A.wasn't allowed B.isn't allowed C.won't allow D.doesn't allow
21.—You speak Chinese very well, Sam.
—Thanks. Chinese is very popular. It ______ widely in the world.
A.speaks B.speak C.was spoken D.is spoken
22.A lot of flowers _______________ in Beijing International Flower Port every year.
A.plant B.planted C.are planted D.were planted
23.—Where did you go last night
—I_______to go to Li Lei's birthday party.
A.asked B.am asked C.were asked D.was asked
24. Tea ____ in the southeast of China.
A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow
25.Our family photo is ___________ on the wall of the sitting room.
A.hang B.hung C.hanged D.hunged
26.Thanks to the man's efforts, more and more toys from his factory to sell abroad every year.
A.were produced B.are produced C.produce D.will produce
27.It's said that the music festival ________ if the heavy rain doesn't stop.
A.will be cancelled B.will cancel
C.was cancelled D.is cancelling
28.—May I go to the cinema with Tom tomorrow, mom
—Of course, if your homework ___by then.
A.will be finished B.finish
C.will finish D.is finished
29.With the development of China, Chinese _______ by more and more people in the world.
A.speaks B.is spoken C.is speaking
30.She was happy because she______ act in a Hollywood film.
A.chose to B.was chosen C.was chosen to D.has chosen to
31.I think teenagers should ______ to choose the clothes they like.
A.be allowed B.allow C.be allow D.allowed
32.Some new airports in the west of our country. It will be very convenient to go there.
A.built B.will build C.were built D.will be built
33.Because Li Ming didn't finish his homework, he ______ play soccer.
A.wasn't allowed to B.allowed not to
C.didn't allow to D.was allowed not to
34.Today, teenagers _______ to wear their own clothes at school.
A.allow B.are allowing C.are allowed D.is allowed
35.Artemisinin (青蒿素) ________ by Tu Youyou, a great Chinese scientist.
A.was invented B.invented C.has invented
36. —Have you heard Mr. Li ____for excellence in teaching last week
—Yes. I'm glad to hear that because he's the best teacher I've ever seen.
A.honored B.has honored
C.was honored D.has been honored
37.You will _____ to attend the meeting if your work _____.
A.ask; do B.be asked; is done
C.asked; did D.be asked; do
38.—How clean the window is!
—Yes. It ________ just now.
A.has been cleaned B.was cleaned
C.is cleaned D.will be cleaned
39.—Excuse me, sir. When can we have a swim in the pool
—Not until it ____ next month.
A.repairs B.will repair
C.is repaired D.will be repaired
40.—Mr Yang, when shall we leave school this afternoon
—Not until the classroom________ after school.
A.has cleaned B.will clean
C.will be cleaned D.is cleaned
41.People now in China ___________to divide rubbish into different groups.
A.asked B.were asking C.are asking D.are asked
42.Teenagers should ______ to take care of themselves from a young age.
A.teach B.be teaching C.have taught D.be taught
43.It was surprising that Huoshengshan Hospital _______________ in about ten days in February, 2020.
A.built B.was built C.has been built D.will be built
44.The task________ in an hour.Then we can go home and have a good rest.
A.was finished B.will be finished
C.has been finished D.can't be finished
45.It's reported that a light rail from Nanjing to Lishui by the end of 2015.
A.has been completed B.is completed
C. was completed D.will be completed
46.Mary ________ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us.
A.invites B.is invited C.was invited
47.People learn English because it _______ widely _______ in the world now.
A.is; used B.is; using C.has; used
48.— May we leave the classroom now
— No, you _______. You _______ to leave until the bell rings.
A.mustn't; are allowed B.can't; aren't allowed
C.don't have to; are allowed D.needn't; aren't allowed
49.一 It's difficult for the village children to cross the river to school.
一 I think a bridge _______________ over the river.
A.was built B.is being built
C.should be built D.been built
50.—Who _____ this book _____ It's so interesting.
—I don't know. It must be a humorous person.
A.did; written B.was; written by
C.did; write D.was; written
参考答案及试题解析
1.A
【解析】句意:--你能告诉我它被叫做什么吗?--PSP.根据回答,可知提问的不是方式,故排除BC;宾语从句用陈述句语序,故选A。
【点评】考查宾语从句的语序和疑问词
2.B
【解析】句意:――谁吃的我的冰淇淋?――埃迪吃的。主语it是谓语动词eat的承受者,句子用被动语态;问句是一般过去时,回答的句子也用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
【点评】 考查一般过去时态中的被动语态,主谓一致问题。
3.B
【解析】句意:上周五有200名学生被邀请参加开幕式。根据题干中的two与选项中的hundred可知此题考查确切数量的表达方式,hundred要用单数形式;students与invite存在动宾关系,此处要用被动语态,由last Friday,可知要用一般过去时,故选B。
【点评】考查数量的表达方式以及被动语态。注意确切数量与不确切数量在表达上的不同。
4.C
【解析】句意:我们的教室每天被打扫。我们可以在里面舒适地学习。结合句意,此处表示被动,根据every day可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态is cleaned,故选C。
5.C
【解析】句意:在学校有人给你午饭,所以你不用自己带食物。根据你不用自己带食物,可知主语you和give是被动关系,故是被动语态,be+done的形式,故选C。
【点评】考查语态,注意be+done的形式的用法。
6.D
【解析】may,可以;must 必须,一定。句意:不要把今天的工作推迟到明天。我的意思是,今天的工作必须今天做。结合语境可知下文句子主语是动作对象,故情态动词后需用被动语态,故选D。
【点评】这两个情态动词之间最大就是表达语气的不同,应结合语境具体分析。被动语态主要是确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系。如果是主动关系则用主动语态,泛指如果是动宾关系,则用被动语态。
7.C
【解析】句意:在未来越来越多的钱将被用在环境保护上。spend花费,与主要money是承受关系,应使用被动语态,根据in the future可知,应使用一般将来时的被动语态,故答案是C。
【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态,注意一般将来时被动语态的结构及用法。
8.C
【解析】句意:—如今, 青少年经常不得不做他们被要求去做的事情。—这不利于他们的独立。他们需要独立思考。根据句意可知,本句是一般现在时态的被动句:be(is/am/are)+动词的过去分词。所以选C。
【点评】本题考查被动语态,其结构为be+过去分词。
9.C
【解析】句意:今年五一节将有一场音乐会。现在门票在网上出售。A: sell卖,动词原形,B: were sold被卖,一般过去时被动语态,C: are sold被卖,一般现在时被动语态,D: will sell将要卖, 根据空格前now,可知时态为一般现在时,主语为tickest,票,复数形式,与动词sell的关系为被出售,被动关系,主语为复数,应用are sold,故选C。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态,注意识记一般现在时被动语态的用法。
10.D
【解析】这题考查情态动词的被动语态的用法,“情态动词+be+done”,句意是:一滴水都不能浪费,因为它对每个生物都是有用的,注意用否定式。
【点评】掌握被动语态的用法。
11.C
【解析】句意:——你认为要鼓励青少年自己做决定吗 ——不,我不同意你的看法。他们太年轻了,不能那样做。这里主语是动词encourage的承受者,应该用被动语态:be+动词的过去分词,根据do可知用一般现在时,主语是teenagers,因此be动词用are,故答案为C。
【点评】考查被动语态。掌握被动语态的结构和用法。
12.B
【解析】句意:——越来越多的人整天玩手机而不是看书。——那太糟糕了。不应该允许每个人都使用它。阅读更有趣。A 可以被允许;B 不应该被允许;C 表达错误;D 不被允许。结合That's too bad. Everyone……to use it. Reading is more enjoyable.可知,表示不应该,故答案为B。
【点评】考查被动语态的基本构成。注意含有宾语从句的被动语态的用法。
13.C
【解析】句意:他的老板经常强迫他每天工作十二个小时。work,工作,实义动词。be made to do sth.,被要求做某事,固定搭配,所以用to work,故选C。
【点评】考查固定搭配be made to do sth.。
14.D
【解析】句意:——今天晚上在学校餐厅,粽子将免费为学生提供。 ——真的吗?那听起来太棒了。主语zongzi与offer构成被动关系;根据下文可知此事将要发生,所以用一般将来时的被动语态:will be+过去分词,故答案为D。
【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态。
15.C
【解析】句意:由于中国到韩国的游客数量骤降,很多旅馆预订都被取消了。cancell取消,动词。A一般过去时;B 一般将来时;C 一般过去时的被动语态;D 一般现在时的被动语态。结合语句As the number of Chinese tourists to South Korea dropped sharply, many hotel bookings……中的dropped可知,句子为一般过去时。bookings订单,和cancell之间是被动的,因此用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为复数形式,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态的基本构成及用法。
16.D
【解析】句意:上周五,一些记者就上海的交通问题采访了一位官员。由last Friday看出该句子要使用一般过去时,by之后接的是动作的发出者,主语An official与动词interview是被动关系,故用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为be done。故答案选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。用根据句子的意思及时间状语确定句子的时态和语态。
17.B
【解析】句意: 自从我上大学以来,买了许多关于科学的书。since是现在完成时标志,主语book和谓语动词buy是被动关系,故是现在完成时被动语态,have been done的形式,故选B。
【点评】考查时态语态,注意现在完成时被动语态的用法。
18.B
【解析】句意:2016年奥运会在巴西举办了。根据句意,谓语动词应用被动语态,根据2016,可知谓语动词用一般过去时,故选B。
【点评】考查时态语态,本题涉及一般过去时的被动语态的应用。
19.C
【解析】句意:韩寒的书很受欢迎。它们被很多青少年阅读。根据句意及题干分析此题是被动语态,其基本结构是be+过去分词,主语是they,所以选C。
20.B
【解析】句意:——你没有看到右边的“不准停车”的标志吗?——对不起,我没看到。但是现在我知道这儿不允许停车了。根据“No parking!”可知,停车不被允许,用被动语态;再由时间状语now可知,应使用一般现在时。故选B。
【点评】本题考查一般现在时态的被动语态be动词+过去分词。
21.D
【解析】句意:——山姆,你中文说得很好。——谢谢。中文很受欢迎。它在世界范围内广泛被使用。根据it,可知指代中文,应是被说,语态为被动语态,结构为be+done,根据Chinese is very popular.可知时态为一般现在时,故选D。
【点评】考查被动语态,注意识记被动语态的用法。
22.C
【解析】句意:北京国际花港每年都种很多花。A.种植,一般现在时的主动语态;B.种植,一般过去时的主动语态;C.被种植,一般现在时的被动语态;D.被种植,一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语 every year每年,可知句子时态为一般现在时;再根据主语flowers“花朵”和动词plant“种植”之间的被动关系,可知句子应用一般现在时的被动语态are planted。故选C。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。注意根据主语和谓语动词之间的动宾关系判断句子是否使用被动语态。
23.D
【解析】句意:——昨晚你去哪里了?——我被邀请去参加李雷的生日聚会。A.让,一般过去时;B.被让,一般现在时的被动语态;C.被让,一般过去时的被动语态;D.被让,一般过去时的被动语态。主语I是ask的承受者,did表明时态是一般过去时,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构是was/were+动词过去分词,主语是I,所以用was,ask的过去分词是asked,故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意根据主语和谓语关系。
24.A
【解析】句意:茶产于中国东南部。A一般现在时被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,B一般现在时被动语态,主语是复数,C单三式,D动词原形,主语是tea,谓语动词是grow,故是被动关系,故用一般现在时被动语态,主语是第三人称单数,故助动词用is,故选A。
【点评】考查时态语态,注意识记一般现在时被动语态,主谓一致的用法。
25.B
【解析】句意:我们的全家福被挂在客厅的墙上。hang悬挂,实义动词,主语photo是动作hang的承受者,时态是一般现在时,所以用一般现在时的被动语态,结构是be+动词过去分词,hang的过去分词是hung,故选B。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态,注意平时识记其结构。
26.B
【解析】句意:幸亏那个人的努力,每年他的工厂的越来越多的玩具被生产,被销售到国外。根据every year可知此处用一般现在时,结合句意,此处表示被动,故选B。
【点评】此题考查一般现在时的被动语态。
27.A
28.D
【解析】句意:——妈妈,我明天可以和汤姆一起去看电影吗?——当然,如果你的作业到那时完成的话。finish,完成,动词,和主语your homework是被动关系,因此用被动语态;答语完整回答应该是Of course, if your homework ___by then, you may go to the cinema with Tom tomorrow.这是一个含有if引导的条件状语从句的复合句,遵循“主将从现”的原则,因此空格处应该用一般现在时的被动语态,其构成为am/is/are+done,主语是your homework,因此用is,故选D。
【点评】考查被动语态。注意条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则。注意一般现在时的被动语态的构成为am/is/are+done。
29.B
【解析】句意:随着中国的发展,世界上越来越多的人说汉语。由句意可知,此处Chinese汉语,是主语,不能执行动词speak 讲的动作,用被动语态,构成be+动词的过去分词,speak的过去分词是spoken。故选B。
【点评】考查被动语态。注意掌握被动语态的用法和构成。
30.C
【解析】句意:她是高兴的,因为她被选在好莱坞电影上表演。choose sb. to do sth.选择某人做某事,固定搭配,sb. be chosen to do sth.某人被选择做某事,主语she是动作choose的承受者,时态是一般过去时,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构是was/were+动词过去分词,主语是she,所以用was,choose的过去分词是chosen,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意平时识记sb. be chosen to do sth.。
31.A
【解析】句意:我认为青少年应该被允许挑选他们喜欢的衣服。青少年和允许之间是被动关系,根据should,情态动词,可知结构为情态动词+be+done,故为be allowed,故选A。
【点评】此题考查含有情态动词的被动结构。
32.D
【解析】句意:一些新的机场在我们国家西部将被建起来,去那儿将会非常方便。A. built 建造,用于一般现在时态 ,主语复数时,主动语态; B. will build建造,用于一般将来时态 ,主动语态; C. were built 被建造,用于一般过去时态 ,主语复数时,被动语态; D. will be built被建造,用于一般将来时态 ,被动语态; 根据Some new airports和build之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态;根据It will be very convenient to go there.可知用将来时态;故选D
【点评】考查将来时态中的被动的构成。
33.A
【解析】句意:因为李明没有完成作业,所以他不允许去踢足球。根据
Because Li Ming didn't finish his homework, 可知他是不允许踢球的,从句是一般过去时,所以主句用一般过去时的被动语态,根据句意,句子是否定句。主语是he,其结构为wasn't+动词的过去分词,故选A。
【点评】此题考查一般过去时的被动语态,注意一般过去时的被动语态结构was/were not+done。
34.C
【解析】句意:今天,青年们……在学校洗他们自己的衣服。主语是复数,be动词用are,be+pp.(过去分词)表示被动,are allowed被允许。故选C。
【点评】本题考查被动语态,be+pp.(过去分词)表示被动,做题时要注意句子的时态和be动词的形式。
35.A
36.C
【解析】句意:——你听说了吗?上周李老师被授予教学优秀奖了。——是的。听到这个我很高兴,因为他是我见过的最好的老师。A过去时,B现在完成时,C过去时被动语态,D现在完成时被动语态,本句为含有宾语从句的复合句,从句主语为Mr. Li,此处李老师应是被授予教学优秀奖,因而应用被动语态;根据时间状语last week上周可知,本句时态应为一般过去时,因而此处应用一般过去时被动语态,故选C。
【点评】考查时态,语态,注意识记一般过去时的被动语态的用法。
37.B
【解析】句意:如果你的工作完成了,你将被要求参加会议。will后跟动词原形,排除错误选项C。ask问,要求,主动语态,be asked被要求,被动语态;do做,一般现在时主动语态;is done一般现在时的被动语态;did一般过去时;第一个空主语是动词ask的承受者,用被动语态;当主句是一般将来时时,if条件句用一般现在时,从句的主语和动词之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故答案为B。
【点评】考查一般将来时和一般现在时的被动语态。识记被动语态的构成和用法。
38.B
【解析】句意:——窗户真干净!——对。它刚刚被清洗过。A.已经被清理,现在完成时的被动语态;B.被清理,一般过去时的被动语态;C.被清理,一般过去时的被动语态;D.将被清理,一般将来时的被动语态。just now表明是一般过去时,主语it是动作clean的承受者,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,结构是was/were+动词过去分词,主语是单数it,所以用was,clean的过去分词是cleaned,故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态,首先理解选项区别,然后根据关键词just now确定时态。
39.C
【解析】句意:——对不起,先生,我们什么时候可以去游泳池游泳?——要到下个月修好。repair,修理,一般现在时;will repair将修理,一般将来时;is repaired,一般现在时的被动语态;will be repaired,一般将来时的被动语态;it指pool,根据主语和动词的关系,可知这里是被动语态,排除主动语态的AB选项。根据问句可知主句是含有情态动词的省略句,until引导的从句遵循主情从现的原则(主句含情态动词,从句用过一般现在时),故答案为C。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。识记一般现在时和被动语态的用法。
40.D
【解析】句意:——杨先生,我们今天下午什么时候离开学校?——直到放学后教室被打扫干净。A.已经打扫,现在完成时的主动语态;B.将打扫,一般将来时的主动语态;C.将被打扫,一般将来时的被动语态;D.被打扫,一般现在时的被动语态。根据Not until“直到”引导的时间状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,可知本从句时态应用一般现在时;再根据主语classroom教室和动词clean“打扫”之间的动宾关系,可知本句应用一般现在时的被动语态is cleaned。故选D。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。注意掌握一般现在时的被动语态:be+过去分词。
41.D
【解析】句意:现在中国人被要求把垃圾分成不同的组。主语People与动词ask之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,再根据时间状语now,可知句子应用一般现在时的被动语态“is/am/are+过去分词”,故选D。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态,注意识记一般现在时被动语态的用法。
42.D
【解析】句意:青少年在小时候就应该被教会照顾自己。本题考查情态动词的被动语态,其结构是:情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。故选D。
【点评】本题考查被动语态。含有情态动词被动语态基本构成:情态动词+be+及物动词过去分词。
43.B
【解析】句意:火神山医院在2020年2月花了10天的时间就建好了,太令人惊奇了。A: built修建 B: was built被修建 C: has been built已被修建 D: will be built将被修建, 根据时间状语 in February, 2020.,可知此处用一般过去时,从句主语为Huoshengshan Hospital ,此处需用build的被动语态,被修建be built,故选B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意被动语态的用法。
44.B
【解析】句意:这项任务一个小时之后会被完成。然后我们能回家休息。in an hour一小时后,和一般将来时连用,根据句意可知finish和task是动宾关系,要用被动语态,故选B。
【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据句意判断出时态,根据动词和主语的关系判断要用被动语态,选出正确选项。
45.D
【解析】句意:据报道,从南京到溧水的轻轨到2015年末将被完成。动作的承受者作主语,用被动语态。其结构是,主语+be+done.将来时态的结构是主语+will+be done。根据句意,用将来时态,故选D。
【点评】考查被动语态的将来时态的用法。
46.C
【解析】句意:玛丽被邀请参加晚会,她和我们一起度过了一段美好的时光。根据She had a wonderful time with us. 可知,这是过去发生的事情,所以时态用一般过去时;又因主语Mary是动词invite的承受者,应该用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为:was/were+动词过去分词,主语是单数,所以用was,invite的过去分词是invited;故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据上下文的联系确定句子时态,根据主语和谓语的主被动关系确定句子的语态。
47.A
【解析】句意:人们学习英语是因为它现在在世界上被广泛使用。A.一般现在时的被动语态;B.现在进行时的主动语态;C.现在完成时的主动语态。根据 People learn English人们学习英语,可知句子时态为一般现在时;再根据单数主语it,和谓语动词use"使用"之间的被动关系,可知句子应用一般现在时的被动语态:is+过去分词used。故选A。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。注意根据主语和谓语动词的动宾关系,判断句子的语态。
48.B
【解析】may的否定回答应该用can't,表示不能,不可以;而mustn't表示禁止,一般不做否定回答;don't have to表示不必;needn't是must的否定回答,表示“不必”。所以本题选B。
【点评】本题可以只根据第一个空做出选择,第二个空是一个被动语态,本句表示“直到铃响你才能出去。”你是被允许的。
49.C
【解析】句意:——村里的孩子过河上学很困难。——我认为应该在这条河上建一座桥。was built一般过去时的被动语态;is being built现在进行时的被动语态;should be built应该被建;been built错误结构;过去时和进行时都不合适,意为我认为应该建桥,故答案为C。
【点评】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。注意识记被动语态的结构和用法。
50.B
【解析】句意:——这本书是谁写的?它是如此有趣。——我不知道。一定是一个幽默的人。A选项是错误结构;B选项是一般过去时的被动语态;C选项是一般过去时的主动语态;D选项是一般过去时的被动语态;句子的主语book和动词write是被动关系,用被动语态,疑问词who,是动作的执行者,做介词by的宾语,故答案为B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。识记被动语态的构成和用法。
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