(共107张PPT)
规范标准提升练(六)
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2025·山东淄博模拟)Use your camera and words to express your understanding of Confucian thought．With your passion and creativity，connect the past and present，bridge China and the world．
Rules
Who Can Participate：This contest is open to teenagers from around the world and is divided into two categories：domestic and international．
Submission Period：Submissions are open until March 31．
Title and Language：The title should be self-chosen and the language can be either Chinese or English．
Submission Guidelines
Writing：The style is open．Submissions must present a clear and well-defined viewpoint，with a maximum word/character count of 4，000．
Video：Videos can be presented in a variety of formats，with a maximum duration of 5 minutes．The resolution should be at least 1，280×720，and the file size should not exceed 500M in MP4 or MOV format．A description of no more than 200 words should accompany the submission．
Photo：Submissions can include photography or illustration．Each set may include up to 10 images，with each photo not going beyond 5MB in JPG or PNG format．A description of no more than 200 words is required．
Submission：Submit online at the contest website or via QR code on the poster．
Point to Note：From the date of enrollment (注册)，participants must observe the event's guidelines．Failure to do so may result in disqualification．
Prizes and Recognition
Each category will feature four awards：Grand Prize (1)，Runners-up (10)，Most Innovative Creations (20)，and Finalists．Winning works will be showcased and recognized with certificates．
Organizations promoting group participation may be awarded the “Best Organization” title．Outstanding works will be displayed at the 2026 China International Confucius Cultural Festival and featured in the 21st Century Cup series of events，offering global cultural exchange opportunities．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇关于全球青少年参与的儒家思想主题创作大赛的通知。
1．Which is a qualified submission
A．A 3-MB photo in PNG format．
B．A 12-image collection．
C．A 5-minute video in AVI format．
D．A 5，000-word writing．
√
A [细节理解题。根据Photo部分的“Submissions can include photography or illustration．Each set may include up to 10 images，with each photo not going beyond 5MB in JPG or PNG format．”可知，一张PNG格式的3MB照片是符合提交要求的。故选A。]
2．What is required for participants
A．Submit after March 31．
B．Hand in works on site．
C．Follow guidelines for registration．
D．Use both Chinese and English in entries．
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C [细节理解题。根据Point to Note部分的“From the date of enrollment，participants must observe the event's guidelines．Failure to do so may result in disqualification．”可知，参赛者需要从注册之日起遵守活动指南。故选C。]
3．What is the text
A．A forum invitation．
B．A competition notice．
C．An academic review．
D．An event promotion．
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B [推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了全球青少年参与的儒家思想主题创作大赛的相关信息，包括参赛对象、提交期限、作品要求、提交方式、注意事项以及奖项设置等，由此可知，这是一篇比赛通知。故选B。]
B
(2025·山东省实验中学模拟)When my daughter Adina was born，I was convinced she'd be a cyclist．A cyclist's daughter has to love bikes，right？I looked forward to riding together with her and investing all the time needed to teach her．In return，I expected progress—not immediately huge steps，but at least some．But in our case，progress just didn't come．
When Adina was a year and a half，a friend gave me a child seat，allowing her to sit in front and enjoy the ride far more than kids sitting behind their parents．Together，we enjoyed long rides．“Bi-ke！” she'd shout every time I started putting on my cycling gear，immediately running for her helmet．
The next logical step was a balance bike，which teaches kids to steer and maintain balance．I started bringing the balance bike along on our walks，offering it to her whenever the conditions or her mood seemed just right．But to be honest，she was more interested in stones on the path or butterflies flying by．I didn't mind；I enjoyed the walks with her，but progress on the bike was non-existent．
While other kids sped past us on their balance bikes，Adina remained uninterested．When she was three and a half，she got a bike with training wheels．Adina loved it! She eagerly packed Ariel the mermaid and a pony into her basket but insisted on wearing a flowery dress instead of sporty clothes．“We're going for a picnic！” she cheered．
It soon became clear that she lacked the fundamentals she should have learned on the balance bike．Her attention often wandered，and any slight downhill made her nervous．I comforted her each time and when she wanted to stop，I carried the bike on my shoulder，and we went for ice cream instead．
Slowly，Adina learned how to pedal and managed to ride loops around the colorful concrete track in the park．I'll stick to my strategy of not pushing or forcing it；I still believe that every child learns to ride a bike eventually—it's just a matter of timing．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对女儿Adina学习骑自行车的期望与实际过程中的经历，体现了作者对女儿成长的耐心与乐观态度。
4．What was the author's expectation when Adina was born
A．She would prefer walking to cycling．
B．She would have a passion for cycling．
C．She would make huge progress in cycling．
D．She would favor other physical activities besides cycling．
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B [细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“When my daughter Adina was born，I was convinced she'd be a cyclist．A cyclist's daughter has to love bikes，right？”可知，作者期望Adina会对骑行产生热情。故选B。]
5．How did Adina feel when taken to cycle in her child seat
A．Nervous． B．Hesitant．
C．Confused． D．Thrilled．
D [细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“‘Bi-ke！’ she'd shout every time I started putting on my cycling gear，immediately running for her helmet．”可知，Adina在坐儿童座椅时感到非常兴奋。故选D。]
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6．What might have blocked Adina's progress in cycling
A．Severe cycling conditions．
B．Lack of interest in cycling．
C．Pressure from other cyclists．
D．Unprofessional teaching methods．
√
B [推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“But to be honest，she was more interested in stones on the path or butterflies flying by．”以及第四段中“While other kids sped past us on their balance bikes，Adina remained uninterested．”可推知，Adina缺乏对骑行的兴趣是阻碍她进步的主要原因。故选B。]
7．Which of the following best describes the author
A．Patient and optimistic．
B．Modest and persistent．
C．Thoughtful and ambitious．
D．Honest and supportive．
√
A [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“I'll stick to my strategy of not pushing or forcing it；I still believe that every child learns to ride a bike eventually—it's just a matter of timing．”可推知，作者对Adina的成长充满耐心和乐观。故选A。]
C
Numerous industries produce larger quantities of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic substances and inorganic salts．Discharging the wastewater into the environment is harmful to ecosystems and human health．However，the high salt content in the wastewater poses serious challenges for existing treatment processes．Researchers at Rice University，in partnership with Guangdong University of Technology，have developed a groundbreaking method for it—adopting dialysis (透析) technology commonly used in medicine．
The researchers selected commercial ultrafiltration membranes (超滤膜) which were designed to let salt pass through while trapping organic substances．They set up a system where salty wastewater and fresh water flowed in opposite directions on either side of a special membrane，without needing pumps．Due to the difference in salt concentrations between wastewater and fresh water，salt naturally moves into the fresh water while organic substances are kept back．To
test this，they compared the amount of organic material and salt in the wastewater before and after treatment．The results showed the system could effectively remove salt without using extra amounts of fresh water．
One significant advantage of dialysis is its resistance to fouling (积垢)．Unlike pressure-driven systems，dialysis saw notably less buildup of organic materials on the membrane because it doesn't rely on extra pressure．“This could translate to lower energy consumption，less maintenance，and fewer membrane replacements，” said Elimelech，a researcher on the study．
Additionally，with suitable membranes，dialysis can be tailored to separate various organics，enabling the selective recovery of valuable resources from the wastewater．In this way，dialysis creates opportunities for transforming wastewater treatment plants into resource recovery factories，aligning the principles of a recycling economy．
Overall，while dialysis alone doesn't fully purify wastewater，it can transform the high-salinity organic wastewater stream into a low-salinity organic wastewater stream that can be readily treated by conventional methods，which revolutionizes the treatment of some of the most challenging industrial wastewater．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莱斯大学和广东工业大学的研究人员合作开发了一种开创性的处理高盐有机废水的方法——采用医学上常用的透析技术，阐述了该方法的原理、优势以及对废水处理的重要意义。
8．What is the major challenge faced by current wastewater treatment
A．The lack of sufficient treatment devices．
B．The high salt percentage in wastewater．
C．The substantial volumes of wastewater．
D．The considerable cost of treatment processes．
√
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，the high salt content in the wastewater poses serious challenges for existing treatment processes．” 可知，当前废水处理面临的主要挑战是废水中的高盐含量。故选B。]
9．What can be learned about the process of dialysing wastewater
A．The membrane transformed salt into organics．
B．The extra pressure contributed to salt transport．
C．The concentration difference played the key role．
D．Liquids on both sides flowed in the same direction．
C [推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和第三句可知，在处理废水的透析过程中，浓度差起到了关键作用。故选C。]
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10．What does the underlined word “aligning” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Matching． B．Establishing．
C．Adjusting． D．Challenging．
A [词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，透析为将废水处理厂转变为资源回收工厂创造了机会，这与循环经济的原则是一致的，所以“aligning” 意思最接近 “Matching(匹配，相一致)”。故选A。]
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11．Which of the following can be a suitable title
A．Dialysis：A Pioneering Blessing for Medicine
B．Membranes：A Protective Screen for Fresh Water
C．Dialysis：A New Pathway for Wastewater Treatment
D．High-Salinity Wastewater：A Threat to the Environment．
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C [标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Researchers at Rice University，in partnership with Guangdong University of Technology，have developed a groundbreaking method for it—adopting dialysis technology commonly used in medicine．” 以及后文对该方法的介绍可知，本文主要讲的是透析技术为废水处理提供了一条新途径。所以最佳标题为“透析：污水处理的新途径”。故选C。]
D
(2025·山东日照模拟)Scientists have recently developed a groundbreaking carbon capture material using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to achieve highly efficient carbon dioxide adsorption (吸附) under normal temperatures and pressures，with energy consumption reduced by 90% compared to traditional methods．This breakthrough，led by a research team from Cambridge University，offers a revolutionary solution for industrial emission reduction and could become a critical component in global decarbonization efforts．
Traditional carbon capture methods rely on amine solution (胺溶液) adsorption，which requires high temperatures and pressures，consuming significant energy and causing damage to equipment．In contrast，the new MOF-based material employs precisely engineered porous crystal structures to selectively adsorb CO2 under surrounding conditions．“The adsorption efficiency is 20 times higher than that of conventional materials，and the material can be reused over 1，000
cycles，” explained Alex Rodriguez，the lead researcher．
Experimental data revealed that the material achieved a single capture efficiency of 98% in man-made flue gas from coal-fired power plants，far above industry averages．
The core innovation lies in the MOFs' “molecular sieve” properties．Researchers finely adjust the rate of metal nodes (节点) to organic linkers，creating 0.35-nanometer holes that precisely accommodate CO2 molecules while excluding nitrogen，oxygen，and other irrelevant components．Remarkably，material regeneration requires only normal-temperature cleaning，removing the need for energy-intensive heating during desorption．This approach theoretically reduces the cost of capturing one ton of CO2 to $15．
Beyond its technical superiority，the material boasts economic and environmental benefits．Made from sand-originated silicon and eco-friendly polymers，it has production costs 30% lower than those of traditional methods．Partnering with industrial giant Siemens，the team has launched pilot lines capable of mass-producing kilometer-long adsorbent sheets．“This isn't lab-bound tech—we're already installing systems in cement plants，” noted Alex Rodriguez．
Looking ahead，the technology holds promise for stabilizing renewable energy grids by storing solar or wind power as compressed CO2．Its closed-loop recyclability also removes electronic waste concerns．“A fireproof，paper-thin material that's cheaper than conventional batteries，” summarized Alex Rodriguez．“As steelmakers and energy providers line up for licensing，this MOF-based breakthrough is likely to rewrite the rules of carbon management．”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍剑桥大学研发的金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在高效捕碳方面的突破及应用前景。
12．What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning MOF-based material
A．Its basic components．
B．Its excellent ability to capture CO2．
C．Its complex production process．
D．Its unique principle of regenerating CO2．
B [段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段通过吸附效率、重复使用次数、实验数据等，集中说明MOF基材料卓越的二氧化碳捕获能力。故选B项。]
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13．What do we know about MOFs' “molecular sieve”？
A．It requires high energy to operate．
B．It distinguishes CO2 from other gases．
C．It needs high temperatures to store CO2．
D．It creates large holes for gas capture．
B [细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，MOFs的“分子筛”特性在于能将二氧化碳与其他气体区分开。故选B项。]
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14．What can be inferred about MOF-based technology according to Alex Rodriguez
A．It is still at the testing stage．
B．It raises concerns about energy waste．
C．It will replace conventional batteries．
D．It has a great potential for applications．
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D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘This isn't lab-bound tech—we're already installing systems in cement plants，’ noted Alex Rodriguez．”及第五段可知，Alex Rodriguez认为该技术已应用于工业场景且被多行业关注，具有广阔的应用潜力。故选D项。]
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Challenges of Carbon Capture
B．Innovations in Energy-saving Technology
C．MOFs：A Carbon Absorption Breakthrough
D．MOFs：The Future of Clean Energy Storage
√
C [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句及全文对MOFs材料捕碳优势、原理和应用的介绍可知，“MOFs：碳吸附的突破”最能概括文章核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。]
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2025·山东泰安模拟)Just because our plant friends live inside with us doesn't mean that they have forgotten what it is to be a plant．They may not react to the seasons as dramatically as their cousins outside do． 16 .
So if you are mad about an unhappy plant in winter，take it easy! Here are four important things to get your green babies to spring．
Water less frequently．Since plants are considerably less active during the winter months，they do not need as much water．Root-ruining overwatering is one of the most common causes of death for indoor plants．This doesn't mean completely ignoring them，but only water when the soil is dry． 17 .
Watch the humidity (湿度)．Many houseplants like to live in humid environments．In winter，with heaters and fireplaces burning，a lack of humidity can be a problem． 18 As we know，it tends to be one of the more humid places in a house．You can also increase humidity by grouping plants together to create a microclimate or use a humidifier near them．
19 While houseplants may love the windowsill for its light，they do not love the windowsill for its drafts and cold air．Likewise，they don't love being near heat sources like heating pipes，radiators，and fireplaces．In a perfect houseplant world，day temperatures should range from 65 to 75 degrees and drop to no lower than 50 degrees at night．
Dust and tidy-up regularly．We generally think that insect problems would be more a problem in summer．But as it turns out，houseplants are more sensitive to insects in winter because they go into that state of dormancy (冬眠)． 20 So make sure you're wiping the leaves regularly with a damp cloth．And remove any dead or yellowing leaves with a pair of clean，sharp scissors．
A．Keep a steady temperature．
B．But they still feel the changes．
C．Put your plants in your bathroom．
D．It is normal and crucial to change the pots．
E．Insects love to hide in the dust on the plant leaves．
F．You can expect a decline in growth and even leaf drop．
G．You can test this by putting your finger 2 inches into the soil．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章针对冬季室内植物养护，从浇水频率、湿度调节、温度保持以及定期清洁四个方面给出了建议。
16．B [根据上文“They may not react to the seasons as dramatically as their cousins outside do．”可知，室内植物不会像外面的同类植物那样对季节有剧烈的反应。B 选项与上文构成转折关系，且能引出下文“So if you are mad about an unhappy plant in winter，take it easy！”。故选B项。]
17．G [根据上文“This doesn't mean completely ignoring them，but only water when the soil is dry．”可知，此处讲述的是何时浇水的问题。G选项中的“test this”指代上文判断土壤是否干燥，进一步说明了如何判断土壤是否干燥。故选G项。]
18．C [根据下文“As we know，it tends to be one of the more humid places in a house．”可知，浴室是房子里比较潮湿的地方之一。C选项能引出下文对浴室潮湿的描述。故选C项。]
19．A [根据下文可知，本段主要讲的是室内植物对温度的要求，A选项能概括本段主旨，适合作主题句。故选A项。]
20．E [根据上文“But as it turns out，houseplants are more sensitive to insects in winter because they go into that state of dormancy．”可知，室内植物在冬天对昆虫更敏感。下文“So make sure you're wiping the leaves regularly with a damp cloth．”提到用湿布擦拭叶子。E选项解释了为什么冬天要擦拭叶子，因为昆虫喜欢藏在叶子灰尘里，且与上文提到的昆虫问题相呼应。故选E项。]
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2025·安徽江南十校模拟)I whispered to myself，“A five-day art camp at White Cliff this summer．” White Cliff was really 21 for an enthusiastic painter like me．But at the 22 of going there alone，I had butterflies in my stomach．Later，I dialed my only friend Emily's
number，only to discover that she would be otherwise 23 ．I sighed and dropped my head．I had really had a hard time jumping into something without 24 faces around． 25 ，I went outside to draw the Westons' towering pine tree．Sitting on the stairs，I thought about the art camp and wished to feel a little 26 ．But by the time I started sketching，I had convinced myself that 27 the camp was my content decision．
I carefully 28 the pine's strong trunk，straight and solid，and added the graceful branches．Once lost in my sketching，I 29 noticed the fly buzzing around me．Hence，I jumped when Mr．Weston suddenly remarked，“You've captured the essence of the tree's 30 beautifully on paper．” “Thanks．” I smiled，glancing up．“If you spread out the roots near the surface，the tree could 31 sufficient water and soar even
higher．” I noticed the knobby bumps (疙瘩状突起) of roots 32 out of the ground all around the tree．I'd never realized how 33 a tree's roots stretched outward．It struck me that if I wanted to grow，I had to start 34 too．
That evening，I filled out the art camp application，ready to stretch my 35 out into new earth．I thought I was the pine．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者夏天去White Cliff参加为期五天的艺术夏令营，但是因为没有熟人，作者一开始感到不安，想不去。后来在绘画过程中感受到了树木延伸自己的根来成长，于是决定参加夏令营，来延伸自己的“根”。
21．A．unbelievable B．irresistible
C．uncontrollable D．irreplaceable
B [考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“for an enthusiastic painter like me”推测White Cliff的景色让画家难以抗拒。故选B。]
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22．A．sight B．thought
C．request D．core
B [考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“of going there alone，I had butterflies in my stomach”指独自去夏令营的想法让作者不安。故选B。]
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23．A．rejected B．attracted
C．occupied D．addicted
C [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“Later，I dialed my only friend Emily's number，only to discover that she would be otherwise”中only to do sth．表示“意外发现”以及下文“I sighed and dropped my head．”，推测作者的朋友在忙，没空理会作者。故选C。]
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24．A．familiar B．gentle
C．confident D．beautiful
A [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“going there alone”可知，作者要独自去，没有熟悉的人在夏令营。故选A。]
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25．A．Delighted B．Relieved
C．Shocked D．Frustrated
D [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“I had really had a hard time”以及作者要去的夏令营没有熟人在，作者感到沮丧。故选D。]
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26．A．cleverer B．luckier
C．happier D．braver
D [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“I had really had a hard time jumping into something without ________ faces around．”可知，没有熟悉的人在身旁，作者真的很难鼓起勇气尝试新事物。所以此刻作者希望自己能更勇敢一点。故选D。]
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27．A．skipping B．attending
C．reserving D．delaying
A [考查动词词义辨析。上文“But at the _______ of going there alone，I had butterflies in my stomach．”提到作者没有熟人在的情况下，感到不安，结合下文“That evening，I filled out the art camp application”作者终于决定参加可知，一开始作者是决定不参加的。故选A。]
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28．A．wrote B．watched
C．drew D．cut
C [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I went outside to draw the Westons' towering pine tree．”可知，此处指作者细心地画出了松树粗壮的树干。故选C。]
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29．A．desperately B．narrowly
C．barely D．suddenly
C [考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“Once lost in my sketching”可知，作者专注绘画，几乎没有注意到苍蝇。故选C。]
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30．A．magic B．function
C．mystery D．strength
D [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“the pine's strong trunk，straight and solid，and added the graceful branches”可知，韦斯顿先生认为作者在纸上很好地展现了树的力量。故选D。]
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31．A．supply B．fetch
C．absorb D．contain
C [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“spread out the roots near the surface，the tree could”以及下文“sufficient water”可知，树根伸到接近地表的地方，是为了吸收足够的水分来长大。故选C。]
√
32．A．sticking B．hiding
C．digging D．lifting
A [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“out of the ground all around the tree”指树根突出了地面，应用stick out of。故选A。]
√
33．A．well B．far
C．deep D．long
B [考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“If you spread out the roots near the surface”以及下文“a tree's roots stretched outward”可知，此处指树根延伸很远。故选B。]
√
34．A．reaching out B．growing up
C．wising up D．turning out
A [考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“I'd never realized how ________ a tree's roots stretched outward...I had to start”可知，作者要想成长，就需要像树一样向外延伸自己。故选A。]
√
35．A．life B．roots
C．camp D．interests
B [考查名词词义辨析。呼应上文“a tree's roots stretched outward”指作者把申请艺术营比喻成把自己的树根延伸到新的土地上。故选B。]
√
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2025·山东烟台模拟)The Silk Road，an extensive network of trade routes connecting Ancient China to the Western world，played 36．________ key role in shaping the cultural and economic landscape of Eurasia for over a thousand years．This complicated web of pathways
a
facilitated the exchange of not only goods but also ideas，technologies，and religions between the East and the West．The Silk Road's 37．__________ (influential) on Western civilization was deep and far-reaching，affecting everything from cuisine and fashion to art and scientific knowledge．
influence
At the heart of this transcontinental exchange was silk，a luxurious fabric highly 38．________ (value) by the Romans and other Western civilizations．The appeal of silk and other goods from the East，such as spices，jades，and precious stones，drove Western merchants 39．__________ (brave) the risky journey across Central Asia，40．__________ (promote) cultural interactions along the way．This constant flow of trade and communication gradually 41．___________ (transform) both Eastern and Western societies，leading to significant advancements in various fields．
valued
to brave
promoting
transformed
The Silk Road，42．________ impact extended far beyond mere commercial transactions，served 43．________ a channel for the transmission of knowledge and innovation．Ancient China's Four Great Inventions 44．__________ (eventual) made their way to the West，paving the way for the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration．Moreover，the exchange of philosophical and religious ideas along the Silk Road contributed to the spread of Buddhism，
whose
as
eventually
Islam，and even aspects of Chinese Confucianism and Taoism to the Western world，enriching the 45．______________ (complex) and diversity of Eurasia's intellectual and spiritual frameworks．
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路作为连接古代中国与西方世界的庞大贸易网络，千余年来在塑造亚欧大陆的文化与经济格局中发挥了关键作用。这条复杂的通道不仅促进了东西方商品的流通，还推动了思想、技术和宗教的交流。
complexity
36．a [考查冠词。play a key role为固定搭配，表示“起关键作用”。故填a。]
37．influence [考查名词。名词所有格后接名词，influential的名词形式为influence，表示 “影响”，作主语。故填influence。]
38．valued [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰fabric，fabric和value为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填valued。]
39．to brave [考查动词不定式。drive sb．to do sth．为固定结构，意为“驱使某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式to brave作宾语补足语。故填to brave。]
40．promoting [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，promote与其逻辑主语，即前面整个句子，之间为主动关系，用动词-ing形式表主动。故填promoting。]
41．transformed [考查动词时态。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，讲述历史事件，用一般过去时，transform的过去式为transformed。故填transformed。]
42．whose [考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Silk Road，先行词在从句中作impact的定语，表“丝绸之路的影响”，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。]
43．as [考查固定短语。serve as为固定搭配，意为“作为……”，表示丝绸之路充当知识传播的渠道。故填as。]
44．eventually [考查副词。由副词修饰动词可知，此处修饰动词短语made their way，用副词eventually表示“最终”。故填eventually。]
45．complexity [考查名词。分析句子可知，此处与名词diversity并列，作enriching的宾语，用名词complexity，表示“复杂性”。故填complexity。]
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
(2025·重庆模拟)假如你是李华，是新加坡国立大学(NUS)的一名国际交换生，因最近家庭经济状况出现变故，现无法承担全部的学费(tuition)和生活费用，因此你决定给辅导员Paul Black写一封求助信。内容包括：
1．个人情况；
2．求助内容。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr．Black，
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Mr．Black，
I hope this letter finds you well．My name is Li Hua，an exchange student from China．Recently，my family has experienced unexpected economic changes that have placed significant financial strain on me，making it a great challenge to cover my tuition fees and daily living expenses．
Would you be so kind to help me seek financial support from NUS and provide me with guidance on applying for relevant scholarships and grants？Aware that the opportunity to learn is not easily available，I will cherish it by dedicating myself to my studies to live up to the expectations of the university as well as the teachers．
I would appreciate it if you could help me out．Looking forward to your favorable reply．
Sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eliza works in an environmental organization which is composed of a young and passionate team devoted to dealing with different kinds of environmental problems．All of her colleagues are from diverse backgrounds but they share a common goal：making a significant and positive impact on Earth．One of their favorite topics during coffee breaks is not the newest or the latest projects but their voluntary participation in protecting a specific river．
The river was first introduced to them by Peter，their department manager，who grew up along its bank．He fondly described it as a piece of untouched paradise，where he spent countless hours boating，swimming and fishing with his playmates．Although he had been away from the area for years since his family sold their house in the village and moved to the city，the beautiful river appeared in his dream from time to time and he was eager to go back again and take a look．
Driven by Peter's nostalgic(念旧的)story and their shared love for an amazingly charming area，six of them working in the same department decided to set foot on that place．Their journey began with a flight followed by a long drive on winding mountain roads．They finally arrived there and the scenery was indeed beautiful and impressive．It was no wonder that Peter was deeply fascinated by it．The beauty of the area struck them，peaceful and wild．The river，with its clear flowing
waters，shone brightly in the sunlight and was bordered by tall，protective trees that swayed gently in the wind．And there were a few other visitors taking pictures and some white birds gracefully taking flight from the water．Impressed by the scene，they were eager for a closer encounter with the river．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
However，when they got nearer，they noticed something disappointing and terrible that didn't match the beautiful scene．
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Eliza quickly suggested a plan to her workmates．_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
However，when they got nearer，they noticed something disappointing and terrible that didn't match the beautiful scene．The riverbank was littered with garbage here and there．From their professional viewpoint，the impact of such waste was clear：it threatened the local ecosystem and wildlife．The sight was particularly heartbreaking for Peter，who felt as if his childhood paradise had been destroyed．The group also realized that the wonderland in Peter's memory would be at the risk of being lost forever if no action was taken．
Eliza quickly suggested a plan to her workmates．They formed a volunteer group right there，starting their conservation efforts by gathering all the litter they could find along the river and posting several “No Littering” signs to educate visitors．To their delight，other visitors took notice and joined in．The following day，they placed trash bins along the river and scheduled regular clean-up days．Their immediate action not only showcased their dedication to environmental conservation but also underlined the significance of their careers in protecting natural treasures like the river that had brought them all together．
谢 谢！规范标准提升练(六)
(时间：100分钟 满分：120分)
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
(2025·山东淄博模拟)Use your camera and words to express your understanding of Confucian thought．With your passion and creativity，connect the past and present，bridge China and the world．
Rules
Who Can Participate：This contest is open to teenagers from around the world and is divided into two categories：domestic and international．
Submission Period: Submissions are open until March 31．
Title and Language: The title should be self-chosen and the language can be either Chinese or English．
Submission Guidelines
Writing：The style is open．Submissions must present a clear and well-defined viewpoint，with a maximum word/character count of 4，000．
Video：Videos can be presented in a variety of formats，with a maximum duration of 5 minutes．The resolution should be at least 1，280×720，and the file size should not exceed 500M in MP4 or MOV format．A description of no more than 200 words should accompany the submission．
Photo: Submissions can include photography or illustration．Each set may include up to 10 images，with each photo not going beyond 5MB in JPG or PNG format．A description of no more than 200 words is required．
Submission: Submit online at the contest website or via QR code on the poster．
Point to Note：From the date of enrollment (注册)，participants must observe the event's guidelines．Failure to do so may result in disqualification．
Prizes and Recognition
Each category will feature four awards：Grand Prize (1)，Runners-up (10)，Most Innovative Creations (20)，and Finalists．Winning works will be showcased and recognized with certificates．
Organizations promoting
Group participation may be awarded the “Best Organization” title．Outstanding works will be displayed at the 2026 China International Confucius Cultural Festival and featured in the 21st Century Cup series of events，offering global cultural exchange opportunities．
1．Which is a qualified submission
A．A 3-MB photo in PNG format．
B．A 12-image collection．
C．A 5-minute video in AVI format．
D．A 5，000-word writing．
2．What is required for participants
A．Submit after March 31．
B．Hand in works on site．
C．Follow guidelines for registration．
D．Use both Chinese and English in entries．
3．What is the text
A．A forum invitation．
B．A competition notice．
C．An academic review．
D．An event promotion．
B
(2025·山东省实验中学模拟)When my daughter Adina was born，I was convinced she'd be a cyclist．A cyclist's daughter has to love bikes，right？I looked forward to riding together with her and investing all the time needed to teach her．In return，I expected progress—not immediately huge steps，but at least some．But in our case，progress just didn't come．
When Adina was a year and a half，a friend gave me a child seat，allowing her to sit in front and enjoy the ride far more than kids sitting behind their parents．Together，we enjoyed long rides．“Bi-ke！” she'd shout every time I started putting on my cycling gear，immediately running for her helmet．
The next logical step was a balance bike，which teaches kids to steer and maintain balance．I started bringing the balance bike along on our walks，offering it to her whenever the conditions or her mood seemed just right．But to be honest，she was more interested in stones on the path or butterflies flying by．I didn't mind；I enjoyed the walks with her，but progress on the bike was non-existent．
While other kids sped past us on their balance bikes，Adina remained uninterested．When she was three and a half，she got a bike with training wheels．Adina loved it! She eagerly packed Ariel the mermaid and a pony into her basket but insisted on wearing a flowery dress instead of sporty clothes．“We're going for a picnic！” she cheered．
It soon became clear that she lacked the fundamentals she should have learned on the balance bike．Her attention often wandered，and any slight downhill made her nervous．I comforted her each time and when she wanted to stop，I carried the bike on my shoulder，and we went for ice cream instead．
Slowly，Adina learned how to pedal and managed to ride loops around the colorful concrete track in the park．I'll stick to my strategy of not pushing or forcing it；I still believe that every child learns to ride a bike eventually—it's just a matter of timing．
4．What was the author's expectation when Adina was born
A．She would prefer walking to cycling．
B．She would have a passion for cycling．
C．She would make huge progress in cycling．
D．She would favor other physical activities besides cycling．
5．How did Adina feel when taken to cycle in her child seat
A．Nervous． B．Hesitant．
C．Confused． D．Thrilled．
6．What might have blocked Adina's progress in cycling
A．Severe cycling conditions．
B．Lack of interest in cycling．
C．Pressure from other cyclists．
D．Unprofessional teaching methods．
7．Which of the following best describes the author
A．Patient and optimistic．
B．Modest and persistent．
C．Thoughtful and ambitious．
D．Honest and supportive．
C
Numerous industries produce larger quantities of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic substances and inorganic salts．Discharging the wastewater into the environment is harmful to ecosystems and human health．However，the high salt content in the wastewater poses serious challenges for existing treatment processes．Researchers at Rice University，in partnership with Guangdong University of Technology，have developed a groundbreaking method for it—adopting dialysis (透析) technology commonly used in medicine．
The researchers selected commercial ultrafiltration membranes (超滤膜) which were designed to let salt pass through while trapping organic substances．They set up a system where salty wastewater and fresh water flowed in opposite directions on either side of a special membrane，without needing pumps．Due to the difference in salt concentrations between wastewater and fresh water，salt naturally moves into the fresh water while organic substances are kept back．To test this，they compared the amount of organic material and salt in the wastewater before and after treatment．The results showed the system could effectively remove salt without using extra amounts of fresh water．
One significant advantage of dialysis is its resistance to fouling (积垢)．Unlike pressure-driven systems，dialysis saw notably less buildup of organic materials on the membrane because it doesn't rely on extra pressure．“This could translate to lower energy consumption，less maintenance，and fewer membrane replacements，” said Elimelech，a researcher on the study．
Additionally，with suitable membranes，dialysis can be tailored to separate various organics，enabling the selective recovery of valuable resources from the wastewater．In this way，dialysis creates opportunities for transforming wastewater treatment plants into resource recovery factories，aligning the principles of a recycling economy．
Overall，while dialysis alone doesn't fully purify wastewater，it can transform the high-salinity organic wastewater stream into a low-salinity organic wastewater stream that can be readily treated by conventional methods，which revolutionizes the treatment of some of the most challenging industrial wastewater．
8．What is the major challenge faced by current wastewater treatment
A．The lack of sufficient treatment devices．
B．The high salt percentage in wastewater．
C．The substantial volumes of wastewater．
D．The considerable cost of treatment processes．
9．What can be learned about the process of dialysing wastewater
A．The membrane transformed salt into organics．
B．The extra pressure contributed to salt transport．
C．The concentration difference played the key role．
D．Liquids on both sides flowed in the same direction．
10．What does the underlined word “aligning” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Matching． B．Establishing．
C．Adjusting． D．Challenging．
11．Which of the following can be a suitable title
A．Dialysis：A Pioneering Blessing for Medicine
B．Membranes：A Protective Screen for Fresh Water
C．Dialysis：A New Pathway for Wastewater Treatment
D．High-Salinity Wastewater：A Threat to the Environment．
D
(2025·山东日照模拟)Scientists have recently developed a groundbreaking carbon capture material using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to achieve highly efficient carbon dioxide adsorption (吸附) under normal temperatures and pressures，with energy consumption reduced by 90% compared to traditional methods．This breakthrough，led by a research team from Cambridge University，offers a revolutionary solution for industrial emission reduction and could become a critical component in global decarbonization efforts．
Traditional carbon capture methods rely on amine solution (胺溶液) adsorption，which requires high temperatures and pressures，consuming significant energy and causing damage to equipment．In contrast，the new MOF-based material employs precisely engineered porous crystal structures to selectively adsorb CO2 under surrounding conditions．“The adsorption efficiency is 20 times higher than that of conventional materials，and the material can be reused over 1，000 cycles，” explained Alex Rodriguez，the lead researcher．Experimental data revealed that the material achieved a single capture efficiency of 98% in man-made flue gas from coal-fired power plants，far above industry averages．
The core innovation lies in the MOFs' “molecular sieve” properties．Researchers finely adjust the rate of metal nodes (节点) to organic linkers，creating 0.35-nanometer holes that precisely accommodate CO2 molecules while excluding nitrogen，oxygen，and other irrelevant components．Remarkably，material regeneration requires only normal-temperature cleaning，removing the need for energy-intensive heating during desorption．This approach theoretically reduces the cost of capturing one ton of CO2 to $15．
Beyond its technical superiority，the material boasts economic and environmental benefits．Made from sand-originated silicon and eco-friendly polymers，it has production costs 30% lower than those of traditional methods．Partnering with industrial giant Siemens，the team has launched pilot lines capable of mass-producing kilometer-long adsorbent sheets．“This isn't lab-bound tech—we're already installing systems in cement plants，” noted Alex Rodriguez．
Looking ahead，the technology holds promise for stabilizing renewable energy grids by storing solar or wind power as compressed CO2．Its closed-loop recyclability also removes electronic waste concerns．“A fireproof，paper-thin material that's cheaper than conventional batteries，” summarized Alex Rodriguez．“As steelmakers and energy providers line up for licensing，this MOF-based breakthrough is likely to rewrite the rules of carbon management．”
12．What is paragraph 2 mainly about concerning MOF-based material
A．Its basic components．
B．Its excellent ability to capture CO2．
C．Its complex production process．
D．Its unique principle of regenerating CO2．
13．What do we know about MOFs' “molecular sieve”？
A．It requires high energy to operate．
B．It distinguishes CO2 from other gases．
C．It needs high temperatures to store CO2．
D．It creates large holes for gas capture．
14．What can be inferred about MOF-based technology according to Alex Rodriguez
A．It is still at the testing stage．
B．It raises concerns about energy waste．
C．It will replace conventional batteries．
D．It has a great potential for applications．
15．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Challenges of Carbon Capture
B．Innovations in Energy-saving Technology
C．MOFs：A Carbon Absorption Breakthrough
D．MOFs：The Future of Clean Energy Storage
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2025·山东泰安模拟)Just because our plant friends live inside with us doesn't mean that they have forgotten what it is to be a plant．They may not react to the seasons as dramatically as their cousins outside do． 16 So if you are mad about an unhappy plant in winter，take it easy! Here are four important things to get your green babies to spring．
Water less frequently．Since plants are considerably less active during the winter months，they do not need as much water．Root-ruining overwatering is one of the most common causes of death for indoor plants．This doesn't mean completely ignoring them，but only water when the soil is dry． 17
Watch the humidity (湿度)．Many houseplants like to live in humid environments．In winter，with heaters and fireplaces burning，a lack of humidity can be a problem． 18 As we know，it tends to be one of the more humid places in a house．You can also increase humidity by
Grouping plants together to create a microclimate or use a humidifier near them．
19 While houseplants may love the windowsill for its light，they do not love the windowsill for its drafts and cold air．Likewise，they don't love being near heat sources like heating pipes，radiators，and fireplaces．In a perfect houseplant world，day temperatures should range from 65 to 75 degrees and drop to no lower than 50 degrees at night．
Dust and tidy-up regularly．We generally think that insect problems would be more a problem in summer．But as it turns out，houseplants are more sensitive to insects in winter because they go into that state of dormancy (冬眠)． 20 So make sure you're wiping the leaves regularly with a damp cloth．And remove any dead or yellowing leaves with a pair of clean，sharp scissors．
A．Keep a steady temperature．
B．But they still feel the changes．
C．Put your plants in your bathroom．
D．It is normal and crucial to change the pots．
E．Insects love to hide in the dust on the plant leaves．
F．You can expect a decline in growth and even leaf drop．
G．You can test this by putting your finger 2 inches into the soil．
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2025·安徽江南十校模拟)I whispered to myself，“A five-day art camp at White Cliff this summer．” White Cliff was really 21 for an enthusiastic painter like me．But at the 22 of going there alone，I had butterflies in my stomach．Later，I dialed my only friend Emily's number，only to discover that she would be otherwise 23 ．I sighed and dropped my head．I had really had a hard time jumping into something without 24 faces around． 25 ，I went outside to draw the Westons' towering pine tree．Sitting on the stairs，I thought about the art camp and wished to feel a little 26 ．But by the time I started sketching，I had convinced myself that 27 the camp was my content decision．
I carefully 28 the pine's strong trunk，straight and solid，and added the graceful branches．Once lost in my sketching，I 29 noticed the fly buzzing around me．Hence，I jumped when Mr．Weston suddenly remarked，“You've captured the essence of the tree's 30 beautifully on paper．” “Thanks．” I smiled，glancing up．“If you spread out the roots near the surface，the tree could 31 sufficient water and soar even higher．” I noticed the knobby bumps (疙瘩状突起) of roots 32 out of the ground all around the tree．I'd never realized how 33 a tree's roots stretched outward．It struck me that if I wanted to grow，I had to start 34 too．
That evening，I filled out the art camp application，ready to stretch my 35 out into new earth．I thought I was the pine．
21．A．unbelievable B．irresistible
C．uncontrollable D．irreplaceable
22．A．sight B．thought
C．request D．core
23．A．rejected B．attracted
C．occupied D．addicted
24．A．familiar B．gentle
C．confident D．beautiful
25．A．Delighted B．Relieved
C．Shocked D．Frustrated
26．A．cleverer B．luckier
C．happier D．braver
27．A．skipping B．attending
C．reserving D．delaying
28．A．wrote B．watched
C．drew D．cut
29．A．desperately B．narrowly
C．barely D．suddenly
30．A．magic B．function
C．mystery D．strength
31．A．supply B．fetch
C．absorb D．contain
32．A．sticking B．hiding
C．digging D．lifting
33．A．well B．far
C．deep D．long
34．A．reaching out B．growing up
C．wising up D．turning out
35．A．life B．roots
C．camp D．interests
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2025·山东烟台模拟)The Silk Road，an extensive network of trade routes connecting Ancient China to the Western world，played 36．________ key role in shaping the cultural and economic landscape of Eurasia for over a thousand years．This complicated web of pathways facilitated the exchange of not only goods but also ideas，technologies，and religions between the East and the West．The Silk Road's 37．________ (influential) on Western civilization was deep and far-reaching，affecting everything from cuisine and fashion to art and scientific knowledge．
At the heart of this transcontinental exchange was silk，a luxurious fabric highly 38．________ (value) by the Romans and other Western civilizations．The appeal of silk and other goods from the East，such as spices，jades，and precious stones，drove Western merchants 39．________ (brave) the risky journey across Central Asia，40．________ (promote) cultural interactions along the way．This constant flow of trade and communication gradually 41．________ (transform) both Eastern and Western societies，leading to significant advancements in various fields．
The Silk Road，42．________ impact extended far beyond mere commercial transactions，served 43．________ a channel for the transmission of knowledge and innovation．Ancient China's Four Great Inventions 44．________ (eventual) made their way to the West，paving the way for the Renaissance and the Age of Exploration．Moreover，the exchange of philosophical and religious ideas along the Silk Road contributed to the spread of Buddhism，Islam，and even aspects of Chinese Confucianism and Taoism to the Western world，enriching the 45．________ (complex) and diversity of Eurasia's intellectual and spiritual frameworks．
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
(2025·重庆模拟)假如你是李华，是新加坡国立大学(NUS)的一名国际交换生，因最近家庭经济状况出现变故，现无法承担全部的学费(tuition)和生活费用，因此你决定给辅导员Paul Black写一封求助信。内容包括：
1．个人情况；
2．求助内容。
注意：1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Dear Mr．Black，
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Sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eliza works in an environmental organization which is composed of a young and passionate team devoted to dealing with different kinds of environmental problems．All of her colleagues are from diverse backgrounds but they share a common goal：making a significant and positive impact on Earth．One of their favorite topics during coffee breaks is not the newest or the latest projects but their voluntary participation in protecting a specific river．
The river was first introduced to them by Peter，their department manager，who grew up along its bank．He fondly described it as a piece of untouched paradise，where he spent countless hours boating，swimming and fishing with his playmates．Although he had been away from the area for years since his family sold their house in the village and moved to the city，the beautiful river appeared in his dream from time to time and he was eager to go back again and take a look．
Driven by Peter's nostalgic(念旧的)story and their shared love for an amazingly charming area，six of them working in the same department decided to set foot on that place．Their journey began with a flight followed by a long drive on winding mountain roads．They finally arrived there and the scenery was indeed beautiful and impressive．It was no wonder that Peter was deeply fascinated by it．The beauty of the area struck them，peaceful and wild．The river，with its clear flowing waters，shone brightly in the sunlight and was bordered by tall，protective trees that swayed gently in the wind．And there were a few other visitors taking pictures and some white birds gracefully taking flight from the water．Impressed by the scene，they were eager for a closer encounter with the river．
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
However，when they got nearer，they noticed something disappointing and terrible that didn't match the beautiful scene． ______________________________________
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Eliza quickly suggested a plan to her workmates． ________________________
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规范标准提升练(六)
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇关于全球青少年参与的儒家思想主题创作大赛的通知。
1．A [细节理解题。根据Photo部分的“Submissions can include photography or illustration．Each set may include up to 10 images，with each photo not going beyond 5MB in JPG or PNG format．”可知，一张PNG格式的3MB照片是符合提交要求的。故选A。]
2．C [细节理解题。根据Point to Note部分的“From the date of enrollment，participants must observe the event's guidelines．Failure to do so may result in disqualification．”可知，参赛者需要从注册之日起遵守活动指南。故选C。]
3．B [推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了全球青少年参与的儒家思想主题创作大赛的相关信息，包括参赛对象、提交期限、作品要求、提交方式、注意事项以及奖项设置等，由此可知，这是一篇比赛通知。故选B。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者对女儿Adina学习骑自行车的期望与实际过程中的经历，体现了作者对女儿成长的耐心与乐观态度。
4．B [细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“When my daughter Adina was born，I was convinced she'd be a cyclist．A cyclist's daughter has to love bikes，right？”可知，作者期望Adina会对骑行产生热情。故选B。]
5．D [细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“‘Bike！’ she'd shout every time I started putting on my cycling gear，immediately running for her helmet．”可知，Adina在坐儿童座椅时感到非常兴奋。故选D。]
6．B [推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“But to be honest，she was more interested in stones on the path or butterflies flying by．”以及第四段中“While other kids sped past us on their balance bikes，Adina remained uninterested．”可推知，Adina缺乏对骑行的兴趣是阻碍她进步的主要原因。故选B。]
7．A [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“I'll stick to my strategy of not pushing or forcing it；I still believe that every child learns to ride a bike eventually—it's just a matter of timing．”可推知，作者对Adina的成长充满耐心和乐观。故选A。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了莱斯大学和广东工业大学的研究人员合作开发了一种开创性的处理高盐有机废水的方法——采用医学上常用的透析技术，阐述了该方法的原理、优势以及对废水处理的重要意义。
8．B [细节理解题。根据第一段中“However，the high salt content in the wastewater poses serious challenges for existing treatment processes．” 可知，当前废水处理面临的主要挑战是废水中的高盐含量。故选B。]
9．C [推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和第三句可知，在处理废水的透析过程中，浓度差起到了关键作用。故选C。]
10．A [词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，透析为将废水处理厂转变为资源回收工厂创造了机会，这与循环经济的原则是一致的，所以“aligning” 意思最接近 “Matching(匹配，相一致)”。故选A。]
11．C [标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Researchers at Rice University，in partnership with Guangdong University of Technology，have developed a groundbreaking method for it—adopting dialysis technology commonly used in medicine．” 以及后文对该方法的介绍可知，本文主要讲的是透析技术为废水处理提供了一条新途径。所以最佳标题为“透析：污水处理的新途径”。故选C。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍剑桥大学研发的金属有机框架(MOFs)材料在高效捕碳方面的突破及应用前景。
12．B [段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段通过吸附效率、重复使用次数、实验数据等，集中说明MOF基材料卓越的二氧化碳捕获能力。故选B项。]
13．B [细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，MOFs的“分子筛”特性在于能将二氧化碳与其他气体区分开。故选B项。]
14．D [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“‘This isn't labbound tech—we're already installing systems in cement plants，’ noted Alex Rodriguez．”及第五段可知，Alex Rodriguez认为该技术已应用于工业场景且被多行业关注，具有广阔的应用潜力。故选D项。]
15．C [标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一句及全文对MOFs材料捕碳优势、原理和应用的介绍可知，“MOFs：碳吸附的突破”最能概括文章核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选C项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章针对冬季室内植物养护，从浇水频率、湿度调节、温度保持以及定期清洁四个方面给出了建议。
16．B [根据上文“They may not react to the seasons as dramatically as their cousins outside do．”可知，室内植物不会像外面的同类植物那样对季节有剧烈的反应。B 选项与上文构成转折关系，且能引出下文“So if you are mad about an unhappy plant in winter，take it easy！”。故选B项。]
17．G [根据上文“This doesn't mean completely ignoring them，but only water when the soil is dry．”可知，此处讲述的是何时浇水的问题。G选项中的“test this”指代上文判断土壤是否干燥，进一步说明了如何判断土壤是否干燥。故选G项。]
18．C [根据下文“As we know，it tends to be one of the more humid places in a house．”可知，浴室是房子里比较潮湿的地方之一。C选项能引出下文对浴室潮湿的描述。故选C项。]
19．A [根据下文可知，本段主要讲的是室内植物对温度的要求，A选项能概括本段主旨，适合作主题句。故选A项。]
20．E [根据上文“But as it turns out，houseplants are more sensitive to insects in winter because they go into that state of dormancy．”可知，室内植物在冬天对昆虫更敏感。下文“So make sure you're wiping the leaves regularly with a damp cloth．”提到用湿布擦拭叶子。E选项解释了为什么冬天要擦拭叶子，因为昆虫喜欢藏在叶子灰尘里，且与上文提到的昆虫问题相呼应。故选E项。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者夏天去White Cliff参加为期五天的艺术夏令营，但是因为没有熟人，作者一开始感到不安，想不去。后来在绘画过程中感受到了树木延伸自己的根来成长，于是决定参加夏令营，来延伸自己的“根”。
21．B [考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文“for an enthusiastic painter like me”推测White Cliff的景色让画家难以抗拒。故选B。]
22．B [考查名词词义辨析。根据下文“of going there alone，I had butterflies in my stomach”指独自去夏令营的想法让作者不安。故选B。]
23．C [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“Later，I dialed my only friend Emily's number，only to discover that she would be otherwise”中only to do sth．表示“意外发现”以及下文“I sighed and dropped my head．”，推测作者的朋友在忙，没空理会作者。故选C。]
24．A [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“going there alone”可知，作者要独自去，没有熟悉的人在夏令营。故选A。]
25．D [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“I had really had a hard time”以及作者要去的夏令营没有熟人在，作者感到沮丧。故选D。]
26．D [考查形容词词义辨析。根据上文“I had really had a hard time jumping into something without ________ faces around．”可知，没有熟悉的人在身旁，作者真的很难鼓起勇气尝试新事物。所以此刻作者希望自己能更勇敢一点。故选D。]
27．A [考查动词词义辨析。上文“But at the ________ of going there alone，I had butterflies in my stomach．”提到作者没有熟人在的情况下，感到不安，结合下文“That evening，I filled out the art camp application”作者终于决定参加可知，一开始作者是决定不参加的。故选A。]
28．C [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I went outside to draw the Westons' towering pine tree．”可知，此处指作者细心地画出了松树粗壮的树干。故选C。]
29．C [考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“Once lost in my sketching”可知，作者专注绘画，几乎没有注意到苍蝇。故选C。]
30．D [考查名词词义辨析。根据上文“the pine's strong trunk，straight and solid，and added the graceful branches”可知，韦斯顿先生认为作者在纸上很好地展现了树的力量。故选D。]
31．C [考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“spread out the roots near the surface，the tree could”以及下文“sufficient water”可知，树根伸到接近地表的地方，是为了吸收足够的水分来长大。故选C。]
32．A [考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“out of the ground all around the tree”指树根突出了地面，应用stick out of。故选A。]
33．B [考查副词词义辨析。根据上文“If you spread out the roots near the surface”以及下文“a tree's roots stretched outward”可知，此处指树根延伸很远。故选B。]
34．A [考查动词短语辨析。根据上文“I'd never realized how ________ a tree's roots stretched outward...I had to start”可知，作者要想成长，就需要像树一样向外延伸自己。故选A。]
35．B [考查名词词义辨析。呼应上文“a tree's roots stretched outward”指作者把申请艺术营比喻成把自己的树根延伸到新的土地上。故选B。]
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了丝绸之路作为连接古代中国与西方世界的庞大贸易网络，千余年来在塑造亚欧大陆的文化与经济格局中发挥了关键作用。这条复杂的通道不仅促进了东西方商品的流通，还推动了思想、技术和宗教的交流。
36．a [考查冠词。play a key role为固定搭配，表示“起关键作用”。故填a。]
37．influence [考查名词。名词所有格后接名词，influential的名词形式为influence，表示 “影响”，作主语。故填influence。]
38．valued [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰fabric，fabric和value为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填valued。]
39．to brave [考查动词不定式。drive sb．to do sth．为固定结构，意为“驱使某人做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式to brave作宾语补足语。故填to brave。]
40．promoting [考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作伴随状语，promote与其逻辑主语，即前面整个句子，之间为主动关系，用动词ing形式表主动。故填promoting。]
41．transformed [考查动词时态。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，讲述历史事件，用一般过去时，transform的过去式为transformed。故填transformed。]
42．whose [考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Silk Road，先行词在从句中作impact的定语，表“丝绸之路的影响”，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。]
43．as [考查固定短语。serve as为固定搭配，意为“作为……”，表示丝绸之路充当知识传播的渠道。故填as。]
44．eventually [考查副词。由副词修饰动词可知，此处修饰动词短语made their way，用副词eventually表示“最终”。故填eventually。]
45．complexity [考查名词。分析句子可知，此处与名词diversity并列，作enriching的宾语，用名词complexity，表示“复杂性”。故填complexity。]
第三部分 写作
第一节
【参考范文】
Dear Mr．Black，
I hope this letter finds you well．My name is Li Hua，an exchange student from China．Recently，my family has experienced unexpected economic changes that have placed significant financial strain on me，making it a great challenge to cover my tuition fees and daily living expenses．
Would you be so kind to help me seek financial support from NUS and provide me with guidance on applying for relevant scholarships and grants？Aware that the opportunity to learn is not easily available，I will cherish it by dedicating myself to my studies to live up to the expectations of the university as well as the teachers．
I would appreciate it if you could help me out．Looking forward to your favorable reply．
Sincerely，
Li Hua
第二节
【参考范文】
However，when they got nearer，they noticed something disappointing and terrible that didn't match the beautiful scene．The riverbank was littered with garbage here and there．From their professional viewpoint，the impact of such waste was clear：it threatened the local ecosystem and wildlife．The sight was particularly heartbreaking for Peter，who felt as if his childhood paradise had been destroyed．The group also realized that the wonderland in Peter's memory would be at the risk of being lost forever if no action was taken．
Eliza quickly suggested a plan to her workmates．They formed a volunteer group right there，starting their conservation efforts by gathering all the litter they could find along the river and posting several “No Littering” signs to educate visitors．To their delight，other visitors took notice and joined in．The following day，they placed trash bins along the river and scheduled regular cleanup days．Their immediate action not only showcased their dedication to environmental conservation but also underlined the significance of their careers in protecting natural treasures like the river that had brought them all together．
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