【弯道超车】Unit 4 Natural disasters 核心语法之被动语态-2026年春人教版（2024）九年级英语下册精讲精练 (含答案解析)

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2026年春沪教牛津版(深圳 广州)九年级英语下册核心语法精讲精练
Unit 4 Natural disasters
核心语法：被动语态
一、核心概念
1. 什么是被动语态？
语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系
主动语态：主语是动作的执行者
被动语态：主语是动作的承受者
重点：理解“主语被动承受动作”这一核心概念
二、被动语态的构成
1. 基本结构：be + 过去分词(p.p.)
2. 不同时态的被动语态构成表
时态 主动语态 被动语态结构 典型例句
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + p.p. English is spoken in many countries.
一般过去时 did was/were + p.p. The building was built in 2010.
一般将来时 will do will be + p.p. A meeting will be held next Monday.
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being + p.p. The road is being repaired.
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been + p.p. All the tickets have been sold out.
过去完成时 had done had been + p.p. The work had been finished before he came.
含情态动词 情态动词+do 情态动词+be+p.p. The rules must be obeyed by everyone.
三、被动语态的用法
1. 使用被动语态的六种情况：
不知道动作执行者
My bicycle was stolen yesterday.（不知道谁偷的）
不需要指出动作执行者
Rice is grown in the south.（不需要指出谁种）
强调动作承受者
The Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago.（强调长城）
出于礼貌或委婉
Some mistakes were made in your homework.（委婉指出错误）
客观陈述（科技、新闻、说明文）
Plastic is used to make many things.
A new hospital will be built in our city.
规章制度、公告
Smoking is not allowed here.
Mobile phones must be turned off in the library.
2. 不用被动语态的情况：
不及物动词（没有宾语）
例：The accident happened yesterday.（√）
例：The accident was happened yesterday.（×）
连系动词
be, become, seem, feel, look, sound, smell, taste等
表示状态或关系的动词
have, own, possess, belong to, cost, weigh, fit, suit等
例：I have a new dictionary.（√）
例：A new dictionary is had by me.（×）
四、主动语态变被动语态
三步转换法：
找宾语：主动句宾语 → 被动句主语
变谓语：动词 → be + p.p.（保持时态不变）
加by短语：原主语前加by（可省略）
转换对比表：
主动句 被动句 说明
People speak English. English is spoken (by people). 一般现在时
He wrote a letter. A letter was written (by him). 一般过去时
We will plant trees. Trees will be planted (by us). 一般将来时
They are cleaning the room. The room is being cleaned (by them). 现在进行时
She has finished the work. The work has been finished (by her). 现在完成时
五、特殊句型的被动语态
1. 双宾语动词的被动语态
主动：My father gave me a gift.
被动1：I was given a gift (by my father).（人作主语）
被动2：A gift was given to me (by my father).（物作主语）
常见双宾动词：
give, show, send, bring, lend, tell, teach, buy, make, offer, pass, read等
2. 复合宾语的被动语态（宾语+宾补）
主动：We call him Tom.
被动：He is called Tom (by us).
注意：宾补位置不变（Tom仍在被动句中作主语补足语）
3. 短语动词的被动语态
必须保持短语动词的完整性
主动：They looked after the children carefully.
被动：The children were looked after carefully.
主动：We should turn off the lights.
被动：The lights should be turned off.
常见短语动词：
look at, listen to, take care of, look for, look up, turn on/off, put on, take off等
4. 含有情态动词的被动语态
结构：情态动词 + be + p.p.
例：The environment must be protected.
例：This problem can be solved easily.
5. 使役动词和感官动词的被动语态
主动：The teacher made us clean the classroom.
被动：We were made to clean the classroom（by the teacher）.
特别注意：被动语态中要加to
六、by短语的使用规则
1. 必须用by短语的情况：
动作执行者是句子重点
This song was written by Jay Chou.
需要指出具体执行者
The window was broken by Tom, not by John.
2. 可以省略by短语的情况：
不知道动作执行者
动作执行者不重要
动作执行者是泛指
English is spoken all over the world.（by people省略）
3. 用其他介词代替by的情况：
with（使用工具、材料）
The letter was written with a pen.
The cake was made with eggs and flour.
in（用某种语言）
The article was written in English.
from（由...制成，材料发生物理变化）
Paper is made from wood.
七、常见错误分析
1、遗漏be动词（最高频错误）
The room cleaned every day.
The room is cleaned every day.
2、be动词形式错误
The books is read by many students.
The books are read by many students.
3、用错过去分词
The letter was wrote yesterday.
The letter was written yesterday.
4、不及物动词用被动
The accident was happened.
The accident happened.
5、短语动词介词遗漏
The children are taken care by Mrs. Wang.
The children are taken care of by Mrs. Wang.
6、使役动词被动忘加to
He was made work 12 hours a day.
He was made to work 12 hours a day.
7、时态判断错误
The bridge is built last year.
The bridge was built last year.
1．Waste paper shouldn't ________ everywhere. We must keep our school clean.
A．throw B．be throwing C．be thrown D．have thrown
2．As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese _____ in more and more schools out of our country.
A．teaches B．is taught C．has taught D．was taught
3．The National Cartoon Exhibition ________ in Shanghai every year for fans of all ages.
A．is held B．was held C．has been held D．will be held
4．Last year, a new old people's home__________in our community.
A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built
5．—Why did you leave last year
—Because I __________ a new job in____________ city.
A．offer; other B．was offered; the other
C．am offered; another D．was offered; another
6．My room _______ tomorrow.
A．is cleaned B．be cleaned
C．will be cleaned D．is cleaning
7．Students do less homework now. Usually it ________ before 9 o'clock in the evening.
A．finishes B．finished C．is finished D．was finished
8．Chinese ________ by the largest number of people.
A．speak B．speak C．is spoken
9．—Do you have Jay's CDs
—Sorry , they ______. But we'll get some more next week because they _____.
A．are sold out; sell well B．sell out; sell well
C．are sold out; are sold well D．sell out; are sold well
10．Boys and girls, the books in the library should .
A．be took care of B．be taken care
C．be taken care of D．take care off
11．—Look at the sign! Smoking ________ here.
—I'm really sorry. I'll stop right now.
A．isn't allowing B．isn't allowed C．doesn't allow D．wasn't allowed
12． Cold noodles ____in the Qin Dynasty(朝代) in ancient China
A．invent B．are invented C．invents D．were invented
13．English by many people around the world today.
A．is spoken B．was spoken C．speak D．spoke
14．—Ms. Luo, I'll worry I'm falling behind if I stop staying up late to study more.
—Take your time! As we know, Rome ________ in a day!
A．didn't build B．is built C．wasn't built D．build
15．— What languages ________ in that country
— German and English.
A．are speaking B．are spoken C．speak D．is spoken
16．—How dirty the room is
—Yes, it ________ every day.
A．is cleaned B．should be cleaned
C．is clean D．may be clean
17．—The Forum(论坛) on China-Africa Cooperation Meeting will take place in Beijing this year.
—Yes. I hear thousands of guests ____ to the meeting then.
A．will be invited B．will invite
C．are invited D．invite
18．— Food ______ is very important.
— So some rules ______ to stop people from polluting food.
A．safety; must make B．safety; must be made C．safe; must made
19．If you don't finish your homework on time, you ___________ by your parents.
A．will punish B．are punished
C．will be punished D．be punished
20．A new school ___________ last year in my hometown.
A．set up B．sets up C．is set up D．was set up
21．To my parents' joy, my elder brother ____ a job in this factory yesterday.
A．offered B．offers C．is offered D．was offered
22． Raise your voice when you give a speech. You ____ by all the people in this hall.
A．heard B．were heard C．should be heard
23．The People's Republic of China was ____________ in 1949.
A．founded B．found C．find D．founding
24．—Perfect pictures, Tony!
—Thanks. They ____ while I was traveling in China.
A．have taken B．took C．were taken
25．The sports meeting _______________ next month.
A．will hold B．is going to hold
C．will be held D．holds
26．When the sun ________ in the morning, our national flag ________ in Tian'anmen Square.
A．is raised; will be raised B．rises; will be risen
C．rises; will be raised D．is raised; will rise
27．He had to shout to make himself by his children．
A．hear B．to be heard C．heard D．to hear
28． The kite ____ in China more than 2,000 years ago.
A．invented B．is invented C．was invented
29．When you go abroad, you'll find that so many products in local shops in China.
A．make B．have made C．are made
30．The 16th China Daily National English Speaking Competition ____ soon.
A．will hold B．is held
C．be held D．will be held
31．Where should this painting________________.
A．hung B．hanged C．be hanged D．be hung
32．— Can Mr King spare some time for the evening party
— If he ______, he will try his best to make it.
A．will be invited B．is invited
C．invites D．will invite
33． —____ China International Import Expo(国际进口博览会) organized
—We organize it once a year.
A．How often does B．When is
C．How often is D．When does
34．China's Tiangong Space Station to be completed by the end of 2022.
A．expects B．was expected C．is expected
35．—It's difficult for the village children to cross the river for school.
—I think a bridge over the river.
A．built B．was built
C．has been built D．should be built
36．The Shanghai Disneyland Plan by the city government. It will be the first Disneyland Amusement Park in mainland China.
A．passed B．has passed
C．has been passed D．were passed
37．He ____ to his friend's birthday party last Sunday.
A．invites B．invited C．is invited D．was invited
38．——When _____ the abacus _____ ——In the sixth century by the Chinese people.
A．is, invented B．did, invent C．was, invented D．does, invent
39．—It is said that a new park _____________near our home.
— Great! We will have another place to relax after school.
A．was built B．is built C．will be built D．must be built
40．The teacher told us that the tea ________ to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.
A．brought B．is brought C．was brought
41．— Luke, do you know who invented the kite
— Sure. It __________ by Mozi over 2000 years ago.
A．is invented B．invented
C．was invented D．will be invented
42．Nick a job in a bank, but to our surprise, he didn't take it.
A．is offered B．offered C．was offered
43．Waste paper should here.It makes a mess.
A．be thrown B．not be thrown C．is thrown D．throw
44．Helen _______________ to a language school when she was seven.
A．sent B．is sent C．was sent D．will send
45．— Do you often go to the science museum, Nicole
— Yes. Lots of new scientific inventions ________ there every year.
A．show B．were shown C．showed D．are shown
46．When ____ the People's Republic of China ____
A．was; found B．was; founded C．did; found D．does; found
47．—Would you like to go to the beach with me
—I'd love to. But I_______ to give a speech about the environment,
A．is asking B．was asked C．asked D．ask
48． —The machine is working again!
—Yes, it broke down yesterday, but it ____.
A．has been fixed B．is being fixed
C．had been fixed D．would be fixed
49．So far, most of the things ____ by the workers. They will finish all of them soon.
A．have done B．have been done
C．did D．was done
50．Three Chinese astronauts ________ into space on June 5th, 2022.
A．were taking B．are taking C．were taken D．are taken
参考答案及试题解析
1．C
【解析】句意：废纸不应该被扔得到处都是。我们必须保持我们的学校干净。废纸被扔，句子用被动语态，shouldn't是情态动词，被动语态为shouldn't be thrown，故选C。
【点评】考查被动语态，注意情态动词的被动形式。
2．B
【解析】句意：由于中国变得越来越强大，在国外 有很多学校里都有教授汉语。根据主语和谓语动词之间的动宾关系，所以用被动语态，而且根据上下文应该用一般现在时。故选B。
【点评】考查一般现在时及其被动语态。
3．A
【解析】句意：全国动漫展每年在上海举行，面向各个年龄段的动漫爱好者。is held一般现在时的被动语态；was held一般过去时的被动语态；has been held现在完成时的被动语态；will be held一般将来时的被动语态；根据every year可在这里表示经常性的动作，用一般现在时，故答案为A。
【点评】考查一般现在时的被动语态。识记一般现在时的被动语态的构成和用法。
4．D
【解析】句意：去年，一所新的养老院在我们社区被建成。根据last year，去年，可知时态为一般过去时，又因主语home与build，家应该是被建造，被动语态，又根据主语为单数，应用was built，故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态，注意识记被动语态的用法。
5．D
【解析】句意：——去年你为什么离开？——因为我在另一个城市被提供了一个新工作。offer提供，实义动词，主语I 是动作offer的承受者，did表明时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were+动词过去分词，主语是I，所以用was，offer的过去分词是offered，排除A、C。other其他的，后面用可数名词复数；another另一个，后面用可数名词单数，city是单数，所以用another，故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态及other和another的区别。
6．C
【解析】句意： 明天我的房间要被打扫。tomorrow是一般将来时标志，room与clean是被动关系，故谓语动词是will be done的形式，故选C。
【点评】考查时态语态，注意一般将来时的被动语态的用法。
7．C
【解析】考查一般现在时被动语态。句意：学生现在做较少的家庭作业。通常在晚上九点前就可以完成。在该句中的it指代上文中的homework，它是动词finish的承受者，该用被动语态。根据usually可知该用一般现在时。所以选C。
8．C
【解析】句意：汉语被许多人说。speak，动词，说，后加语言，表示说某种语言，speak Chinese，说汉语，Chinese放在主语的位置上，句子需用被动语态，即Chinese is spoken，故选C。
【点评】考查一般现在时态的被动语态。识记一般现在时态的被动语态的结构为is/are done。
9．A
【解析】句意：—你有Jay的CD吗？—对不起，他们被买完了。但是下周我们将得到更多，因为他们卖得好。第一个空用一般现在时态的被动语态，表示某种东西卖得好，用主动语态。短语sell out表示卖完；sell well表示卖得好。结合语境，故选A。
【点评】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。被买完be sold out。卖得好sell well。
10．C
【解析】句意：男孩们，女孩们，图书馆的书应该好好保护。take care of照顾，根据句意书和照顾之间为被动关系，排除AD选项。由于take care 表示小心，不能直接加宾语，后面要加of。故选C。
【点评】考查含情态动词的被动语态和固定短语。注意积累固定短语。
11．B
12．D
【解析】句意：冷面发明于中国古代的秦朝。根据分析句子结构可知，本句所描述的是一个过去发生的动作，且主语"noodles"与谓语动词invent之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；且主语"noodles"是复数，谓语动词应用复数形式。故选D。
【点评】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。注意描述历史上的事实或发明时，通常使用被动语态的过去时，来表明这个事实或发明是在过去完成的。
13．A
【解析】句意：今天，世界各地的许多人说英语。English是speak这一动作的承受者，该用被动语态。由today可知该用一般现在时。所以选A。
14．C
15．B
【解析】句意：——那个国家用什么语言交流？——德语和英语。通过问句可知"语言是被人们所说"，句子的主语是动作的承受者，要用被动语态，又因主语language是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数。故选B。
【点评】考查动词的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态的基本构成am，is，are+动词的过去分词。
16．B
【解析】句意：—这房间多么脏啊！—是的，它应该每天都要打扫。it与动词clean之间是被动的关系，排除C,D;结合句意可知，房间应该是没有打扫，需要打扫，故答案为B。
【点评】考查含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be done。
17．A
【解析】句意：——中非合作论坛今年将在北京举行。——是的。我听说届时将有成千上万的客人被邀请参加会议。invite sb to some place，邀请某人到某地；invite与主语guest存在动宾关系，谓语动词要用被动语态，结合句意此句要用一般将来时，故选A。
【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态的基本构成及用法。
18．B
【解析】句意：——食品安全非常重要。——所以必须制定一些规则来阻止人们污染食品。空一缺少名词做主语，safety是名词，安全，safe是形容词，安全的，故排除C，空二，主语是rules，谓语动词是make，与主语是被动关系，故用情态动词的被动语态，must be done，made是make的过去分的，故选B。
【点评】考查名词和情态动词被动语态，注意识记safety，must be done，made的用法。
19．C
【解析】句意：如果你不按时完成作业，你就会被父母惩罚的。if引导的条件状语从句，时态是主将从现，故此处是将来时，punish和主语you是被动关系，故是将来时被动语态will be done的动词形式，故选C。
【点评】考查将来时被动语态，注意识记will be done的用法。
20．D
【解析】句意：去年在我的家乡建立了一所新学校。根据题干和选项可知主语是谓语动词的承受者，用被动语态，排除AB，根据时间last year可知用过去式的被动语态，be动词用过去式，排除C，故答案为D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意识记一般过去时的被动语态的构成和用法。
21．D
【解析】句意为：让我父母高兴的是，昨天在这家工厂给我哥哥提供了一份工作。根据语境，句子的主语是动作的承受者，应用被语态。故选D。
【点评】考查动词的语态。
22．C
【解析】句意：当你演讲时请你提高声音，你才会被在这个大厅里所有人听见。A过去式，B一般过去时被动语态，C情态动词被动态，根据by，可知此处用被动语态，祈使句是一般将来时标志。情态动词should，会，表示将来时，故选C。
【点评】考查语态，注意识记情态动词被动语态的用法。
23．A
【解析】句意：中华人民共和国在1949年成立的。found成立，同时又是find的过去式过去分词；find发现；空格前的was说明此处需要用过去分词构成被动语态。根据句意，故答案为A。
【点评】考查动词辨析及被动语态的用法。
24．C
【解析】句意：——完美的照片，托尼！ ——谢谢。这些照片是我在中国旅行时拍的。句中"They"指代上文中的"Perfect pictures"，与动词take为被动关系，应用被动语态；再根据"while I was travelling in China."可知，拍摄动作发生在过去，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为"were/was done"，故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意正确分析语境以及句子结构，结合时态相关知识以及时态呼应原则选择正确的选项。
25．C
【解析】句意：运动会将在下个月举行。根据句意可知主语是动作的承受着，用被动语态，ABD都是主动语态，故答案为C。
【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态。注意识记被动语态的结构和用法。
26．C
27．C
【解析】此处应为他大声喊以使自己的孩子听到自己声音，那么此处“make himself"则应填被动形式，即heard，故选C。
【点评】此题考查动词的被动用法。
28．C
【解析】句意：句意：风筝被发明于2000多年前的中国。A过去式，B一般现在时被动语态，C一般过去时被动语态，根据more than 2,000 years ago可知时态为一般过去时，而主语the kite和谓语invent为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态的谓语结构为was/were+done，故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。注意识记was invented的用法。
29．C
【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：当你去国外时，你会在当地商店里看到那么多中国制造的商品。主语products是谓语动词make的承受者，句子用被动语态，故选C。
30．D
【解析】句意：第十六届中国日报全国英语演讲比赛即将举行。根据句中的时间状语为soon故确定为一般将来时态，又知主语 English Speaking Competition 是谓语动词hold的承受者，二者形成被动关系，故确定为被动语态，故该句的谓语动词为一般将来时态的被动语态，且结构为：will+be+及物动词的过去分词。故选：D。
【点评】考查语态，要结合情景，选择合适的被动语态或时态，完成试题，正确理解被动语态是关键。
31．D
【解析】句意：这幅画应该在哪里？should是情态动词，其后是动词原形，painting和hang是被动关系，故是should be done的形式，故选D。
【点评】考查情态动词被动语态，注意识记should be done的用法。
32．B
【解析】 句意：金先生能抽出一些时间来参加晚上聚会吗 - 如果他被要请了，他将尽力来。在if引导的条件状语从句中，如果两个动作都没有发生，为了区别动作的前后关系，先发生的用一般现在时态，后发生的用一般将来时态，即主将从现。主语和动词之间是被动关系，故用被动结构，根据句意，故选B。
【点评】考查条件状语从句用法。
33．C
【解析】句意：——中国国际进口博览会多久举办一次？——我们每年组织一次。根据once a year可知，此处询问频率用how often进行提问， China International Import Expo和organize为被动关系，助动词用is，故选C。
【点评】考查特殊疑问句和被动语态。注意询问频率用how often提问。
34．C
【解析】句意：中国的天宫空间站预计将于2022年底完工。A期待，单三式，B被期待，一般过去时被动语态，C被期待，一般现在时被动语态，根据by the end of 2022，可知时间是将来，主语是空间站，与谓语动词是被动关系，故用一般现在时被动语态表示将来，故选C。
【点评】考查时态语态，注意识记一般现在时被动语态的用法。
35．D
【解析】句意：——对于村子里的孩子来说，过河上学很难。——我认为应该在河上修一座桥。含有情态动词should的被动语态结构：should+be+过去分词。故选D。
【点评】本题考查含情态动词的被动语态，注意掌握含有情态动词should的被动语态结构：should+be+过去分词的应用。
36．C
【解析】句意：上海迪斯尼乐园计划已经由市政府通过了。它将是中国大陆第一个迪斯尼乐园。根据句意及题干分析此题考查被动语态。由句意可知此处应用被动语态，又由于主语The Shanghai Disneyland Plan 是单数，故选C。
37．D
【解析】句意：上周日他被邀请去参加朋友的生日聚会。根据时间状语last Sunday可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语he和谓语invite之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他成分。故选D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。先根据时间状语判断句子的时态，再根据主语和谓语之间的关系来判断句子的语态。
38．C
【解析】此题考查的是被动语态，由be+过去分词。算盘是人发明的，它是动作的承受者。发明在过去，故用was invented,选C。
39．C
【解析】句意：——据说在我们家附近将建一个新公园。——好极了。我们放学后有另一个放松的地方啦！A.被建，一般过去时的被动语态；B.被建，一般现在时的被动语态；C.将被建，一般将来时的被动语态；D.必须被建，带情态动词的被动语态。根据We will have another place to relax after school. 我们放学后有另一个放松的地方啦！可知是将被建，应用一般将来时的被动语态：will be+动词过去分词。故选C。
【点评】考查一般将来时的被动语态。注意掌握结构：will be+动词过去分词。
40．C
41．C
【解析】句意：——Luke，你知道谁发明的风筝吗？——当然可以，2000多年前它由墨子发明。A.一般现在时的被动语态；B.一般过去时；C.一般过去时的被动语态；D.一般将来时的被动语态。根据ago，表明时态是一般过去时，主语it代指单数kite，是动作invent的承受者，所以用被动语态，结构是was/were+动词过去分词，主语是单数，所以用was，invent的过去分词是invented，故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态，注意平时识记其结构。
42．C
【解析】句意：Nick在银行得到了一份工作，但令我们吃惊的是，他没有接受。由he didn't take it 可知此处用一般过去时，而尼克是“被提供工作”，故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。
43．B
【解析】句意：不应该在这里乱扔废纸，它乱糟糟的。be thrown被扔；not be thrown不被扔；is thrown被扔，一般现在时的被动语态；throw扔，动词原形。根据句意可知，句子的主语waste paper和动词throw构成被动关系，空前有情态动词should，后面应加上be+过去分词，而且表达否定的意思，故应选B。
【点评】考查情态动词后的被动的否定。
44．C
【解析】句意：海伦七岁时被送到一所语言学校。sent送，动词过去式，用于一般过去时；is sent被送，一般现在时的被动语态；was sent一般过去时的被动语态，被送；will send一般将来时，主动语态；根据时间状语从句 when she was seven 可知句子用一般过去时态，根据主语Helen和动词sent之间的关系，可知是动作的承受者，用被动语态，故答案为C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。时间一般过去时的被动语态的构成和用法。
45．D
【解析】句意：——Nicole，你经常去科学博物馆吗？——是的，每年那里都有很多新的科学发明被展示。主语 scientific inventions 和谓语show之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据every year可知时态为一般现在时态，故用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
【点评】考查时态和语态，注意一般现在时态的被动语态的用法。
46．B
【解析】句意：中华人民共和国是什么时候成立的？结合题干When……the People's Republic of China…… 及所给选项的提示可知，主语the People's Republic of China和动词found是被动关系，此句的语态是一般过去时的被动语态，由be (was, were) +过去分词构成。found在此处表示"成立"，与find（发现）的过去式含义不一样。其过去分词是founded，故答案为B。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。解答此类试题时，务必根据题目的要求，在准确理解句子意思的前提下，结合被动语态的构成准确作答。
47．B
【解析】句意：——你愿意和我一起去沙滩吗？——我愿意。但是我被要求做一个关于环境的演讲。根据句子描述的是过去被要求，用过去式，结合作者是被要求，用被动语态，结构为be done，填入was asked，故选B。
【点评】考查被动语态，注意结构be done的用法。
48．A
【解析】句意：——机器又开始工作了 ！——是的，它昨天坏了，但是它已经被修理好了。A：已经修好（现在完成时）；B：正在修好；C：已经修好（过去完成时）；D：将要修好。根据上文" The machine is working again! 机器又开始工作了 ！ "可知，机器已经修好，现在正常运转，被修理的动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，用现在完成时，结构是have been done，故选A。
【点评】考查现在完成时被动语态。注意根据上下文语境判断用哪种时态。
49．B
【解析】句意：到目前为止，大部分事情已经被工人做了。他们很快就要完成所有的工作了。A.have done已经做了；B.have been done已经被做；C.did动词过去式；D.was done一般过去时的被动语态。根据"so far到目前为止"可知，句子应用现在完成时。主语"most of the things"和谓语"do"之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时的被动语态。注意识记现在完成时的被动语态结构。
50．C
【解析】句意：2022年6月5日，三名中国宇航员被送入太空。was taking过去进行时；are taking现在进行时；were taken一般过去时的被动语态；are taken一般现在时的被动语态。根据句子主语和动词的关系，可知这里主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，宇航员被送入；时间on June 5th, 2022是过去的时间，用一般过去时的被动语态，故答案为C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。识记被动语态的构成并运用正确的时态。
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