寒假综合复习培优卷（含解析）-2025-2026学年北师大版英语八年级上册
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| 名称 | 寒假综合复习培优卷（含解析）-2025-2026学年北师大版英语八年级上册 |
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| 更新时间 | 2026-02-04 00:00:00 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
八年级上册英语寒假综合复习培优卷
一．选择题（共8小题）
1．（2024秋 延庆区期末）I knew some students were looking at me but I didn't dare to look at .（ ）
A．they B．them C．their D．theirs
2．（2024秋 延庆区期末）I'd like to watch movie with you， I have a lot of work to do.（ ）
A．so B．or C．because D．but
3．（2024秋 延庆区期末）Beijing Subway Line 3 was put into operation December 15，2024.（ ）
A．on B．to C．at D．of
4．（2024秋 石景山区期末）CITI Tower in Beijing is probably one of buildings in the whole world.（ ）
A．tall B．taller
C．tallest D．the tallest
5．（2024 北京）﹣Lily，your new schoolbag is pretty.______ did you buy it？
﹣In a store near my home.（ ）
A．How B．Where C．Why D．When
6．（2024秋 通州区期末）Amy ______ to school when she saw the accident.（ ）
A．walks B． is walking
C．walked D．was walking
7．（2024秋 丰台区期末）The government is planning more parks in the city.（ ）
A．building B．build C．to build D．built
8．（2024秋 丰台区期末）I think table tennis is sport of all in China.（ ）
A．popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．the most popular
二．完形填空（共1小题）
9．（2024秋 东城区期末）
Lunch Notes
Alex set his lunch tray on the table near his friend Leo."Trade（交换） you some fries for some biscuits，" Alex said.
"Deal，" said Leo，taking his bag of biscuits out of his lunchbox.Alex noticed a piece of paper at the bottom of Leo' s lunchbox.
"What's that？" asked Daniel，another boy in their class.Before Leo could answer，Daniel took the （1） away.He read it in a loud voice："Dear Leo，I hope you have a great day.Love，Mum." Daniel laughed."Your mum puts notes in your lunchbox？"
"Yes，" Leo said.Daniel read the note again，to himself.It almost looked as if he wanted to （2） it."Give it back to Leo，" said Alex."Well，who wants a note anyway？" Daniel said.Daniel threw the note and it fell to the floor.Alex quickly （3） it up and handed it back to Leo.Leo put it into his pocket.
Later that day，Alex's older brother，Mateo，arrived home just after Alex did."How was your day，Alex？" Mateo asked."A boy in my class was （4） to Leo，" Alex said.He explained the way Daniel had acted.Mateo shook his head."How would Daniel like it if people made fun of him for getting a note？"
"Daniel never gets notes，" Alex said.（5） ，he had an idea."That's it!I know how to help Leo and Daniel." Alex explained his idea to Mateo.Mateo （6） to help，and they worked on the plan all afternoon.
At lunchtime the next day，Alex set out 23 folded （折叠的） pieces of paper on a table at the gate of the dining hall.Each piece of paper had the name of a classmate on it，and each classmate （7） a note.
Alex watched as Daniel read the note with his name on it.He knew that the note said， "Daniel，I'm glad you' re in my class.Have a great day." He saw Daniel smile as he put the note into his pocket.
"Great idea，Alex，" said Leo.
"Now everyone knows how （8） it feels to get a lunch note，" Alex said.
（1）A.biscuit B.bag C.lunchbox D.paper
（2）A.study B.return C.keep D.copy
（3）A.raised B.picked C.set D.built
（4）A.rude B.harmful C.polite D.helpful
（5）A.Certainly B.Naturally C.Suddenly D.Possibly
（6）A.offered B.remembered C.needed D.learned
（7）A.wrote B.prepared C.left D.received
（8）A.common B.wonderful C.surprising D.peaceful
三．阅读理解（共4小题）
10．（2024秋 顺义区期末）
A Lesson Learned the Hard Way
John and Tim sat on their bicycles at the start of the cyclo﹣cross course.Tim had been competing in cyclo﹣cross for three years，but this was John's first race.He wished he could remember everything Tim had taught him.
John reviewed the last six months in his mind.From the moment Tim had first asked whether he would like to try the sport，John had been excited.Tim helped John find safety gear.He also explained the importance of practicing and set up a plan for the two friends to practice together.
Practicing was hard.John soon grew bored with working on the same skills over and over.He was ready to race!John ended up skipping （不参加） many of the practices.When John did go to practices，he spent more time doing tricks with his bike instead of listening to Tim's tips.
"Now the real fun begins，" John thought as he sat at the starting line.
"You need to get serious，" Tim warned. "Cyclo﹣cross can be dangerous."
Bang!The starting gun went off.The boys rushed off the starting line.John saw the first obstacle （障碍） ahead.It was a series of small hurdles.
"Here I go!" John shouted when he reached the hurdles.He jumped off his bike and landed hard on his foot.Next，he had to get his bike onto his shoulder.John could not remember what Tim said about shouldering the bike.He tried to pick it up by the wheels but dropped it.Finally，he got his bike off the ground.As he ran，he tried to balance the bike on his shoulder.The bike was heavy，and his ankle hurt.Before he knew it，he was lying face﹣down in the mud.
"Are you okay？" John heard his friend ask.Tim reached down to help John.John was thankful that Tim cared more about him than about the race.He caught Tim's hand and stood.
"Ouch!" John cried.It hurt to put weight on his ankle. "You were right，Tim.Cyclo﹣cross is about more than strength and speed.Can we spend a few more months training together？I want to finish my next cyclo﹣cross race!"
（1）What did John do when he went to practice？
A．He set up a plan for the match.
B．He listened to Tim's tips carefully.
C．He worked hard to perfect his skills.
D．He spent more time doing tricks with his bike.
（2）According to the passage，what kind of person is Tim？
A．He is careful and brave.
B．He is serious and helpful.
C．He is friendly but impatient.
D．He is cooperative but funny.
（3）What will happen next according to the passage？
A．Tim will win the next race.
B．John will skip more practices.
C．John will train harder than before.
D．Tim will end his friendship with John.
11．（2024秋 顺义区期末） Many animals find their way across continents or even around the world every year.The homing pigeon will fly up to 700 miles （1，127 km） in a single day to return to its home.How does the loggerhead turtle navigate 7，500 miles （12，070 km） across the Pacific Ocean？The answer is animals have a variety of super skills.Sometimes they use the same basic senses we do to get around，other times they sense things our bodies can't feel.
In a long﹣distance animal migration （迁徙），there are no sign posts or roads to follow，but there's always the Sun.The monarch butterfly uses the Sun to navigate from the northern United States to central Mexico.Harbor seals navigate by the stars when they search for food at night.
While humans also navigate by the Sun and stars，many animals do something we can't：find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field （磁场）.Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year.Wolves，dogs，birds，butterflies，sea turtles，and many other animals also sense magnetic fields.Scientists have found magnetite in birds' beaks （鸟喙）.Another possibility is a kind of protein found in the eyes of many birds.
Some animals rely on a powerful sense of smell or hearing to find their way.Migrating Chinook salmon can smell their home water in sea water.Sea birds make a smell map of the open ocean.Many animals，including some whales，some birds，and bats，use echolocation （回声定位） to find their way around.
Some animals bring more unusual skills to navigation.The Cataglyphis ant finds its destination by counting its steps.The Mexican blind cave fish finds its way around by sucking in water and noticing how objects around it affect the water's flow.Sea birds use smell over open ocean but can also follow the shape of the coast.Honey bees know the forests，rivers，and roads that lead to the nest.
Sometimes animal navigators come up against obstacles they can't overcome：humans.Logging and farming are destroying forests.We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night.Climate change confuses long﹣distance navigators as the environments they move through are rapidly changing.
Fortunately，scientists have tried some new ideas that have worked.These include lowering lights when migrating birds arrive and planting milkweed for monarch butterflies to replace what has been lost because of farming and development.While we can be amazed at the navigational abilities of animals，we can help them on their journeys，too.
（1）What can we learn from the passage？
A．Sea birds can search for food at night by the stars.
B．Honey bees use echolocation to find their way to the nest.
C．The monarch butterfly can smell the way to central Mexico.
D．Bonnethead sharks find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field.
（2）What does the word "disturb" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？
A．Making animals more tired.
B．Making animals more active.
C．Making animals lose their way.
D．Making animals move quickly.
（3）What is the passage mainly about？
A．The amazing skills of animals.
B．The different senses of animals.
C．The good ways to save animals.
D．The key points to protect animals.
12．（2024秋 西城区期末） Life has its ups and downs and people sometimes feel anxious（焦虑的）.If the feelings of anxiety become too strong，they can make you unwell.Usually，we might see a doctor or take some medicine to feel better.But it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve （涉及） medicine.So，we made a robotic cushion（抱枕） to help manage anxiety.
Our team was made up of scientists from several fields.We built a few different robotic cushions，and each one offered a different calming experience，like the feeling of breathing（呼吸），a heartbeat，and one of them even had colourful lights inside.We asked people to try them out and tell us which they liked the best.Most people liked the cushion that felt like it was breathing.So，we decided to work more on that one.
For our final cushion，we made it bigger so it was easier to hug.We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion，to control（控制） the"breathing".We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer.
Now，we wanted to see if our cushion really could help with anxiety，so we did a test.The test had to do three things：make people feel anxious，check their anxiety levels，and compare the effect（效果） of the cushion to something else.
We made people feel anxious by having them do some difficult math problems in front of others.Afterwards，we asked them to score their anxiety levels from one to ten.To see how well the cushion worked，we put people into three groups.Group A used the breathing cushion，Group B tried meditating （冥想），and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety.After 10 minutes，we asked them to score their anxiety levels again.
We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly.And we saw that meditation also helped people reduce their anxiety.
Meditation can be difficult because it needs attention and practice，but hugging a cushion is easy!And，you could hug the cushion while doing other things.By doing more research like this，we can find ways to help people who need different ways to feel better.What do you think？Would you like to have a breathing cushion to hug when you' re worried？
（1）The scientists made the robotic cushion to .
A.help people call for doctors
B.make the home pretty
C.help people feel less worried
D.tell people when to take medicine
（2）What is the final cushion like？
A.It uses air to make the sound of a heartbeat.
B.It has a robotic part to make it"breathe".
C.It comes in all shapes and sizes.
D.It has colourful lights inside.
（3）What do we know about the test from Paragraphs 5 and 6？
A.People in different groups liked different kinds of cushions.
B.The researchers had people use the cushion during a meditation.
C.The result showed the cushion helped people solve math problems.
D.The test compared the effects of hugging the cushion and sitting quietly.
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？
A.To show how to use a robotic cushion.
B.To introduce a product that helps with anxiety.
C.To warn people about the dangers of being worried.
D.To compare ways of helping people feel less anxious.
13．（2024秋 石景山区期末）
Dog's Best Friend
Jarrett Little was road testing his mountain bike outside of Columbus，Georgia，when his riding partner，Chris Dixon，stopped suddenly.Something moving nearby among the trees had caught her attention.It turned out to be a sandy﹣colored five﹣month﹣old dog.
"He was really thin，and had a broken leg，"Little told CBS News.The cyclists fed the friendly dog and shared their water.They also quickly realized that the dog was following them，although they had no idea how.They were more than seven miles from downtown and riding bikes."We couldn't leave him，"Little said."Out there next to the Oxbow Meadows，he would end up as alligator（短吻鳄） food."
Little，a31﹣year﹣old business owner，had an idea.He carefully picked up his new friend and put the 38﹣pound dog's back legs into the pockets of his cycling shirt.Then he placed the dog's front legs over his shoulders.
"He was hurt，so he wasn't trying to fight，"Little says."He was also happy that we were there，touching him，and hadn't taken off on him."
Their 30﹣minute ride into town ended at a bike store，where they got more water and food for the dog."That was when Andrea Shaw，a company worker，happened by.The dog went straight to her，smelling and"loving on her，"says Dixon.Shaw was touched and，after learning what had happened，decided to keep the dog.
Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they'd met and planned an operation（手术） on his leg，Today，Columbo is living the high life on a farm with a horse and a 6﹣year﹣old boy to keep him company（陪伴）.As Dixon said，"He is really the luckiest dog alive."
（1）When Dixon met the dog，it was .
A.six years old
B.three years old
C.five months old
D.seven months old
（2）Little and Dixon didn't leave the dog behind，because .
A.they worried about its safety
B.they could treat its broken leg
C.they wanted to bring it to their farm
D.they planned to send it to a pet shop
（3）What can you learn from the last two paragraphs？
A.Shaw named the dog after her son.
B.Shaw kept the dog in the bike store.
C.Shaw knew what happened to the dog.
D.Shaw performed an operation on the dog.
四．任务型阅读（共2小题）
14．（2024秋 朝阳区期末）
The Silk Road
The Silk Road was not only a road，but also a large group of busy roads that connected China with Europe and the Middle East.It started about 2230 years ago，and played an important role in the development of economic（经济的） and cultural exchanges（交换） across countries.
These old roads had busy business ports（港口）.They also had lively markets that offered as the center for the exchange of products.Silk was one of the most popular products，but many other products also traveled along these roads.For example，tea，china，and spices（香料） traveled from the Eastern countries to the Western countries.At the same time，the West exchanged animals，paintings，fruits，etc.
The exchange along the roads had not only products but also ideas and cultures.The ideas from one area would find their way to another，improving societies and understanding.For example，papermaking appeared in China，then reached Europe and other countries.It also changed the way countries communicated with each other.
One of the most famous travelers to use the Silk Road was the Italian traveler Marco Polo.His journey to China during the 13th century，opened up a window into the East for Europeans.To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited，he wrote a famous book，The Travels of Marco Polo.
By understanding the Silk Road，we can know how we keep in touch with the world for centuries，and how products and cultural exchange continue to shape our whole society.Today，the idea of"the Belt and Road Initiative" is put forward by China to develop the economy and cooperation（合作） among Asia，Europe，and Africa.
（1）When did the Silk Road start？
（2）What did the Eastern and Western countries exchange along the roads？
（3）Why did Marco Polo write the famous book？
（4）What do you think of the Silk Road？Why do you think so？ （Please give two reasons）
15．（2024秋 延庆区期末） Can you believe that thinking about yourself too much makes you sick？Many psychologists（心理学家）now think so. "Self﹣focus" means thinking about yourself.
In the old days psychologists used to tell patients with depression to pay more attention to themselves.They wanted patients to talk about their problems and feelings.At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure （治愈） depression.Then，some psychologists began wondering if they were wrong，they realized that depressed people talked about themselves much more than non﹣depressed people.Psychologists began to wonder if it is possible for "self﹣focus" to cause depression.So psychologists began thinking of different ways to treat depressed people.They thought that patients would feel better if they stopped thinking about their own problems.They even thought that they could cure depression by having patients focus on other people.
Scientists at the university of Michigan studied older men，some of the men volunteered to help others，others did not volunteer.They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.Duke University scientists studied patients who had heart disease.Some patients were told to volunteer.The patients who volunteered were happier and healthier than the others.As a result of these researches，scientists began recommending volunteerism.
Each of us experiences pain，sadness，and loneliness.One of the best ways to overcome these feelings is to help others who are experiencing difficulty.Thinking about others all the time is not going to solve all your problems，but it is nice to know that by helping others，you can help yourself，too.
（1）What does "self﹣focus" mean？
（2）What did psychologists first think "self﹣focus" benefits depressed patients？
（3）What did the Michigan University study find on the men who volunteered？
（4）Are you "self﹣focus"？Why or why not？ （Please give two reasons）
五．书面表达（共1小题）
16．（2024秋 西城区期末）假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tony计划来北京旅游，发来邮件向你咨询。请你用英文写一封回信，向他推荐来北京旅游的最佳时间、旅游景点及推荐理由，并就其它方面（如穿衣、出行方式等） 给出一些建议。
提示词语：autumn，the Great Wall，beautiful，enjoy，underground
提示问题： When is the best time to visit Beijing？
What places can he visit，and why？
What else would you like to tell him？
Dear Tony.
I'm glad to receive your email..______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
八年级上册英语寒假综合复习培优卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共8小题）
1．（2024秋 延庆区期末）I knew some students were looking at me but I didn't dare to look at .（ ）
A．they B．them C．their D．theirs
【考点】人称代词的宾格．
【答案】B
【分析】我知道一些学生在看着我，但我不敢看他们。、
【解答】they他们，人称代词主格；them他们，人称代词宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。分析句子可知，此处位于动词短语look at之后作宾语，应使用代词的宾格形式。
故选：B。
【点评】掌握代词的用法，结合选项，认真分析，得出答案。
2．（2024秋 延庆区期末）I'd like to watch movie with you， I have a lot of work to do.（ ）
A．so B．or C．because D．but
【考点】表示转折关系的连词．
【答案】D
【分析】我想和你一起看电影，但我有很多工作要做。
【解答】so所以；or或者；because因为；but但是。这里前半句想和对方看电影，后半句因为有工作做不了，语义转折，所以用but连接。
故选：D。
【点评】辨析每个选项的含义，结合句意，选择正确答案。
3．（2024秋 延庆区期末）Beijing Subway Line 3 was put into operation December 15，2024.（ ）
A．on B．to C．at D．of
【考点】时间介词．
【答案】A
【分析】北京地铁3号线于2024年12月15日投入运营。
【解答】on 在……（具体某一天）；to朝，差；at在……（时间点，小地点）；of的。根据"December 15，2024."（2024年12月15日）可知是具体某一天的时间，应用on。
故选：A。
【点评】掌握时间介词的用法是解答的关键。
4．（2024秋 石景山区期末）CITI Tower in Beijing is probably one of buildings in the whole world.（ ）
A．tall B．taller
C．tallest D．the tallest
【考点】形容词的最高级；定冠词（the）．
【答案】D
【分析】北京的花旗大厦可能是全世界最高的建筑之一。
【解答】one of the+最高级+名词复数，意思是最……之一。one of the tallest buildings最高的建筑之一。
故选：D。
【点评】熟悉形容词最高级的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
5．（2024 北京）﹣Lily，your new schoolbag is pretty.______ did you buy it？
﹣In a store near my home.（ ）
A．How B．Where C．Why D．When
【考点】疑问副词．
【答案】B
【分析】—莉莉，你的新书包真漂亮。你在哪里买的？
—在我家附近的一家商店里。
【解答】how如何，怎么样；where在哪里；why为什么；when什么时候。根据答语句意"在我家附近的一家商店里"可知，前句要问"你在哪里买的"，要填"在哪里"，其它选项语意不通。
故选：B。
【点评】考疑问副词。要根据疑问副词的含义和用法，进行比较，找出正确答案。
6．（2024秋 通州区期末）Amy ______ to school when she saw the accident.（ ）
A．walks B． is walking
C．walked D．was walking
【考点】过去进行时．
【答案】D
【分析】当Amy看见这场事故的时候，她正在步行去学校。
【解答】A．walks走，一般现在时；B．is walking现在进行时；C．walked一般过去时；D．was walking过去进行时；根据when she saw the accident（当她看到事故时）可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时；从句用一般过去时。
故选：D。
【点评】仔细分析句子的结构，掌握过去进行时的用法。
7．（2024秋 丰台区期末）The government is planning more parks in the city.（ ）
A．building B．build C．to build D．built
【考点】动词不定式的一般式．
【答案】C
【分析】 政府正计划在城市里建更多的公园。
【解答】build，动词，建造。选项A是动名词；选项B是动词原形；选项C是动词不定式；选项D是过去分词。根据观察可知题干使用了plan to do sth短语 ，意思是"计划干某事"，正确答案是C。
故选：C。
【点评】本题考查动词不定式作宾语。
8．（2024秋 丰台区期末）I think table tennis is sport of all in China.（ ）
A．popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．the most popular
【考点】形容词的最高级．
【答案】D
【分析】我认为乒乓球在中国是最受欢迎的运动。
【解答】popular受欢迎的，是形容词的原级；more popular更受欢迎的，是比较级；most popular最受欢迎的，是最高级；the most popular最受欢迎的，是the+形容词的最高级。根据of all in China（在中国所有的运动中）可知，应该用形容词的最高级，形容词的最高级前面必须用定冠词the。
故选：D。
【点评】考查形容词的最高级，应牢记其含义和用法，结合语境答题。
二．完形填空（共1小题）
9．（2024秋 东城区期末）
Lunch Notes
Alex set his lunch tray on the table near his friend Leo."Trade（交换） you some fries for some biscuits，" Alex said.
"Deal，" said Leo，taking his bag of biscuits out of his lunchbox.Alex noticed a piece of paper at the bottom of Leo' s lunchbox.
"What's that？" asked Daniel，another boy in their class.Before Leo could answer，Daniel took the （1） D away.He read it in a loud voice："Dear Leo，I hope you have a great day.Love，Mum." Daniel laughed."Your mum puts notes in your lunchbox？"
"Yes，" Leo said.Daniel read the note again，to himself.It almost looked as if he wanted to （2） C it."Give it back to Leo，" said Alex."Well，who wants a note anyway？" Daniel said.Daniel threw the note and it fell to the floor.Alex quickly （3） B it up and handed it back to Leo.Leo put it into his pocket.
Later that day，Alex's older brother，Mateo，arrived home just after Alex did."How was your day，Alex？" Mateo asked."A boy in my class was （4） A to Leo，" Alex said.He explained the way Daniel had acted.Mateo shook his head."How would Daniel like it if people made fun of him for getting a note？"
"Daniel never gets notes，" Alex said.（5） C ，he had an idea."That's it!I know how to help Leo and Daniel." Alex explained his idea to Mateo.Mateo （6） A to help，and they worked on the plan all afternoon.
At lunchtime the next day，Alex set out 23 folded （折叠的） pieces of paper on a table at the gate of the dining hall.Each piece of paper had the name of a classmate on it，and each classmate （7） D a note.
Alex watched as Daniel read the note with his name on it.He knew that the note said， "Daniel，I'm glad you' re in my class.Have a great day." He saw Daniel smile as he put the note into his pocket.
"Great idea，Alex，" said Leo.
"Now everyone knows how （8） B it feels to get a lunch note，" Alex said.
（1）A.biscuit B.bag C.lunchbox D.paper
（2）A.study B.return C.keep D.copy
（3）A.raised B.picked C.set D.built
（4）A.rude B.harmful C.polite D.helpful
（5）A.Certainly B.Naturally C.Suddenly D.Possibly
（6）A.offered B.remembered C.needed D.learned
（7）A.wrote B.prepared C.left D.received
（8）A.common B.wonderful C.surprising D.peaceful
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【答案】DCBAC ADB
【分析】短文主要讲述了Alex和Leo在学校午餐时发生的故事。Leo的妈妈经常在他的午餐盒里放一张温馨的纸条，但被同学Daniel嘲笑并扔掉了。Alex觉得不公平，决定帮助Leo和Daniel。他为每个同学准备了一张类似的纸条，让大家都感受到收到温暖纸条的感觉。最终，Daniel也露出了微笑，接受了这种善意。
【解答】（1）考查名词。句意：Leo还没来得及回答，Daniel就把纸拿走了。A.饼干；B.袋子；C.午餐盒；D.纸张。根据Alex noticed a piece of paper at the bottom of Leo' s lunchbox.（Alex注意到Leo午餐盒底部有一张纸。）可知，Leo午餐盒底部有一张纸，故把纸拿走了。故选D。
（2）考查动词。句意：看起来他几乎想保留它。A.研究；B.返回；C.保留；D.复制。根据Daniel read the note again，to himself.（Daniel又读了一遍纸条，自言自语。）和"Give it back to Leo，" said Alex.（"把它还给里Leo，"Alex说。）可知，Daniel又读了一遍纸条以及Alex让他还给Leo，故看起来他几乎想保留它。故选C。
（3）考查动词。句意：Alex很快把它捡起来，还给了Leo。A.抚养；B.捡；C.设置；D.建造。根据Daniel threw the note and it fell to the floor（Daniel把纸条扔了，掉在了地上）可知，纸条在地上，故Alex很快把它捡起来。故选B。
（4）考查形容词。句意：我们班上有个男孩对Leo很粗鲁。A.粗鲁的；B.有害的；C.礼貌的；D.乐于助人的。根据Daniel threw the note and it fell to the floor（Daniel把纸条扔了，掉在了地上）可知，Daniel把纸条扔到地上的行为是粗鲁的。故选A。
（5）考查副词。句意：突然，他想到了一个主意。A.当然可以；B.自然地；C.突然；D.可能。根据he had an idea（他想到了一个主意）可知，突然想到主意。故选C。
（6）考查动词。句意：Mateo主动提出帮忙，他们整个下午都在制定计划。A.主动提出；B.记得；C.需要；D.学习。根据to help（帮助）可知，主动提出帮忙。故选A。
（7）考查动词。句意：每张纸上都有一个同学的名字，每个同学都收到了一张便条。A.写；B.准备；C.留下；D.收到。根据get a lunch note（得到午餐纸条）可知，每个同学都收到了一张便条。故选D。
（8）考查形容词。句意：现在每个人都知道收到午餐纸条的感觉有多棒。A.普通的；B.精彩的；C.惊喜的；D.和平的。根据He saw Daniel smile as he put the note into his pocket.（他看到Daniel微笑着把纸条放进口袋。）可知，Daniel微笑着把纸条放进口袋，故每个人都知道收到午餐纸条的感觉有多棒。故选B。
【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
三．阅读理解（共4小题）
10．（2024秋 顺义区期末）
A Lesson Learned the Hard Way
John and Tim sat on their bicycles at the start of the cyclo﹣cross course.Tim had been competing in cyclo﹣cross for three years，but this was John's first race.He wished he could remember everything Tim had taught him.
John reviewed the last six months in his mind.From the moment Tim had first asked whether he would like to try the sport，John had been excited.Tim helped John find safety gear.He also explained the importance of practicing and set up a plan for the two friends to practice together.
Practicing was hard.John soon grew bored with working on the same skills over and over.He was ready to race!John ended up skipping （不参加） many of the practices.When John did go to practices，he spent more time doing tricks with his bike instead of listening to Tim's tips.
"Now the real fun begins，" John thought as he sat at the starting line.
"You need to get serious，" Tim warned. "Cyclo﹣cross can be dangerous."
Bang!The starting gun went off.The boys rushed off the starting line.John saw the first obstacle （障碍） ahead.It was a series of small hurdles.
"Here I go!" John shouted when he reached the hurdles.He jumped off his bike and landed hard on his foot.Next，he had to get his bike onto his shoulder.John could not remember what Tim said about shouldering the bike.He tried to pick it up by the wheels but dropped it.Finally，he got his bike off the ground.As he ran，he tried to balance the bike on his shoulder.The bike was heavy，and his ankle hurt.Before he knew it，he was lying face﹣down in the mud.
"Are you okay？" John heard his friend ask.Tim reached down to help John.John was thankful that Tim cared more about him than about the race.He caught Tim's hand and stood.
"Ouch!" John cried.It hurt to put weight on his ankle. "You were right，Tim.Cyclo﹣cross is about more than strength and speed.Can we spend a few more months training together？I want to finish my next cyclo﹣cross race!"
（1）What did John do when he went to practice？ D
A．He set up a plan for the match.
B．He listened to Tim's tips carefully.
C．He worked hard to perfect his skills.
D．He spent more time doing tricks with his bike.
（2）According to the passage，what kind of person is Tim？ B
A．He is careful and brave.
B．He is serious and helpful.
C．He is friendly but impatient.
D．He is cooperative but funny.
（3）What will happen next according to the passage？ C
A．Tim will win the next race.
B．John will skip more practices.
C．John will train harder than before.
D．Tim will end his friendship with John.
【考点】记叙文；体育．
【答案】DBC
【分析】本文讲述了John首次参加自行车越野赛的经历。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第3段"When John did go to practices，he spent more time doing tricks with his bike instead of listening to Tim's tips."（当约翰真的去训练时，他花更多的时间在骑自行车上，而不是听蒂姆的建议。） 可知，约翰在练习时更多是花时间去表演自行车特技，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第2段"Tim helped John find safety gear.He also explained the importance of practicing and set up a plan for the two friends to practice together."（蒂姆帮约翰找到了安全装备。他还解释了练习的重要性，并为两个朋友制定了一个一起练习的计划。）第5段"'You need to get serious，' Tim warned. 'Cyclo﹣cross can be dangerous.'"（"你得认真点，"蒂姆警告说。"骑自行车可能很危险。"）以及第8段"Tim reached down to help John.John was thankful that Tim cared more about him than about the race."（蒂姆伸手去帮助约翰。约翰很感激蒂姆更关心他而不是比赛。）可知蒂姆教导约翰并给他提供帮助，表明他是一个认真的人，且乐于助人，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后1段"You were right，Tim.Cyclo﹣cross is about more than strength and speed.Can we spend a few more months training together？I want to finish my next cyclo﹣cross race!"（你说得对，蒂姆。自行车越野赛不仅仅是力量和速度。我们能再一起训练几个月吗？我想完成我的下一次自行车越野赛！"）可知，文章最后约翰意识到比赛不仅是力量和速度，还表示希望未来能做好准备完成比赛，因此他极有可能比以前更刻苦训练，故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
11．（2024秋 顺义区期末） Many animals find their way across continents or even around the world every year.The homing pigeon will fly up to 700 miles （1，127 km） in a single day to return to its home.How does the loggerhead turtle navigate 7，500 miles （12，070 km） across the Pacific Ocean？The answer is animals have a variety of super skills.Sometimes they use the same basic senses we do to get around，other times they sense things our bodies can't feel.
In a long﹣distance animal migration （迁徙），there are no sign posts or roads to follow，but there's always the Sun.The monarch butterfly uses the Sun to navigate from the northern United States to central Mexico.Harbor seals navigate by the stars when they search for food at night.
While humans also navigate by the Sun and stars，many animals do something we can't：find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field （磁场）.Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year.Wolves，dogs，birds，butterflies，sea turtles，and many other animals also sense magnetic fields.Scientists have found magnetite in birds' beaks （鸟喙）.Another possibility is a kind of protein found in the eyes of many birds.
Some animals rely on a powerful sense of smell or hearing to find their way.Migrating Chinook salmon can smell their home water in sea water.Sea birds make a smell map of the open ocean.Many animals，including some whales，some birds，and bats，use echolocation （回声定位） to find their way around.
Some animals bring more unusual skills to navigation.The Cataglyphis ant finds its destination by counting its steps.The Mexican blind cave fish finds its way around by sucking in water and noticing how objects around it affect the water's flow.Sea birds use smell over open ocean but can also follow the shape of the coast.Honey bees know the forests，rivers，and roads that lead to the nest.
Sometimes animal navigators come up against obstacles they can't overcome：humans.Logging and farming are destroying forests.We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night.Climate change confuses long﹣distance navigators as the environments they move through are rapidly changing.
Fortunately，scientists have tried some new ideas that have worked.These include lowering lights when migrating birds arrive and planting milkweed for monarch butterflies to replace what has been lost because of farming and development.While we can be amazed at the navigational abilities of animals，we can help them on their journeys，too.
（1）What can we learn from the passage？ D
A．Sea birds can search for food at night by the stars.
B．Honey bees use echolocation to find their way to the nest.
C．The monarch butterfly can smell the way to central Mexico.
D．Bonnethead sharks find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field.
（2）What does the word "disturb" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ C
A．Making animals more tired.
B．Making animals more active.
C．Making animals lose their way.
D．Making animals move quickly.
（3）What is the passage mainly about？ A
A．The amazing skills of animals.
B．The different senses of animals.
C．The good ways to save animals.
D．The key points to protect animals.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】DCA
【分析】本文介绍了不同动物使用的各种导航技能，包括利用太阳、星星、地磁场、嗅觉、听觉等方法进行长途迁徙，以及人类活动如何影响动物导航，并探讨了可以帮助动物的方法。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段"Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year.Wolves，dogs，birds，butterflies，sea turtles，and many other animals also sense magnetic fields."（窄头双髻鲨每年游数百英里回到它们的觅食地。狼、狗、鸟、蝴蝶、海龟和许多其他动物也能感知磁场。）可知，窄头双髻鲨是通过感知地球的磁场来导航的。故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段"We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night."（当我们整晚都开着城市灯时，我们......靠星星导航的动物。）可知，夜间城市灯光会干扰通过星星导航的动物，由此推测出"disturb"表示让动物迷失方向。故选C。
（3）主旨大意题。根据第二段The monarch butterfly uses the Sun to navigate from the northern United States to central Mexico.Harbor seals navigate by the stars when they search for food at night.（帝王蝶利用太阳从美国北部导航到墨西哥中部。海豹在夜间寻找食物时靠星星导航。）第三段many animals do something we can't：find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field（许多动物做了一些我们做不到的事情：通过感知地球磁场找到自己的路。）以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了动物为了迁徙而使用的各种导航本领。故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．（2024秋 西城区期末） Life has its ups and downs and people sometimes feel anxious（焦虑的）.If the feelings of anxiety become too strong，they can make you unwell.Usually，we might see a doctor or take some medicine to feel better.But it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve （涉及） medicine.So，we made a robotic cushion（抱枕） to help manage anxiety.
Our team was made up of scientists from several fields.We built a few different robotic cushions，and each one offered a different calming experience，like the feeling of breathing（呼吸），a heartbeat，and one of them even had colourful lights inside.We asked people to try them out and tell us which they liked the best.Most people liked the cushion that felt like it was breathing.So，we decided to work more on that one.
For our final cushion，we made it bigger so it was easier to hug.We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion，to control（控制） the"breathing".We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer.
Now，we wanted to see if our cushion really could help with anxiety，so we did a test.The test had to do three things：make people feel anxious，check their anxiety levels，and compare the effect（效果） of the cushion to something else.
We made people feel anxious by having them do some difficult math problems in front of others.Afterwards，we asked them to score their anxiety levels from one to ten.To see how well the cushion worked，we put people into three groups.Group A used the breathing cushion，Group B tried meditating （冥想），and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety.After 10 minutes，we asked them to score their anxiety levels again.
We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly.And we saw that meditation also helped people reduce their anxiety.
Meditation can be difficult because it needs attention and practice，but hugging a cushion is easy!And，you could hug the cushion while doing other things.By doing more research like this，we can find ways to help people who need different ways to feel better.What do you think？Would you like to have a breathing cushion to hug when you' re worried？
（1）The scientists made the robotic cushion to C .
A.help people call for doctors
B.make the home pretty
C.help people feel less worried
D.tell people when to take medicine
（2）What is the final cushion like？ B
A.It uses air to make the sound of a heartbeat.
B.It has a robotic part to make it"breathe".
C.It comes in all shapes and sizes.
D.It has colourful lights inside.
（3）What do we know about the test from Paragraphs 5 and 6？ D
A.People in different groups liked different kinds of cushions.
B.The researchers had people use the cushion during a meditation.
C.The result showed the cushion helped people solve math problems.
D.The test compared the effects of hugging the cushion and sitting quietly.
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？ B
A.To show how to use a robotic cushion.
B.To introduce a product that helps with anxiety.
C.To warn people about the dangers of being worried.
D.To compare ways of helping people feel less anxious.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】CBDB
【分析】本文介绍了一种用于缓解焦虑的机器人抱枕。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段So，we made a robotic cushion（抱枕） to help manage anxiety.（所以，我们制作了一个机器人抱枕来帮助控制焦虑。）可知，科学家们制造了这个机器人目的是帮助人们减轻忧虑。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据For our final cushion，we made it bigger so it was easier to hug.We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion，to control（控制） the"breathing".We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer.（对于我们的最后一个坐垫，我们把它做得更大，这样更容易拥抱。我们制作了一个机器人部件，可以推动抱枕内的气球进出空气，以控制"呼吸"。我们这样做是因为缓慢呼吸能让人感觉更平静。）可知，最后的抱枕是有一个机器人部件使它"呼吸"。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段To see how well the cushion worked，we put people into three groups.Group A used the breathing cushion，Group B tried meditating （冥想），and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety.（为了看看这个垫子的效果如何，我们把人们分成了三组。A组使用呼吸垫，B组尝试冥想，C组只是静静地坐着，没有任何帮助他们缓解焦虑的东西。）和第六段We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly.（我们发现，抱着呼吸抱枕的人比那些静静地坐着的人焦虑程度要低得多。）可知，从第5段和第6段我们知道，测试比较了抱着抱枕和安静坐着的效果。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段So，we made a robotic cushion（抱枕） to help manage anxiety.（所以，我们制作了一个机器人抱枕来帮助控制焦虑。）以及全文信息可知，本文主要介绍了本文介绍了一种用于缓解焦虑的机器人抱枕，因此作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一款有助于缓解焦虑的产品。故选B。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．（2024秋 石景山区期末）
Dog's Best Friend
Jarrett Little was road testing his mountain bike outside of Columbus，Georgia，when his riding partner，Chris Dixon，stopped suddenly.Something moving nearby among the trees had caught her attention.It turned out to be a sandy﹣colored five﹣month﹣old dog.
"He was really thin，and had a broken leg，"Little told CBS News.The cyclists fed the friendly dog and shared their water.They also quickly realized that the dog was following them，although they had no idea how.They were more than seven miles from downtown and riding bikes."We couldn't leave him，"Little said."Out there next to the Oxbow Meadows，he would end up as alligator（短吻鳄） food."
Little，a31﹣year﹣old business owner，had an idea.He carefully picked up his new friend and put the 38﹣pound dog's back legs into the pockets of his cycling shirt.Then he placed the dog's front legs over his shoulders.
"He was hurt，so he wasn't trying to fight，"Little says."He was also happy that we were there，touching him，and hadn't taken off on him."
Their 30﹣minute ride into town ended at a bike store，where they got more water and food for the dog."That was when Andrea Shaw，a company worker，happened by.The dog went straight to her，smelling and"loving on her，"says Dixon.Shaw was touched and，after learning what had happened，decided to keep the dog.
Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they'd met and planned an operation（手术） on his leg，Today，Columbo is living the high life on a farm with a horse and a 6﹣year﹣old boy to keep him company（陪伴）.As Dixon said，"He is really the luckiest dog alive."
（1）When Dixon met the dog，it was C .
A.six years old
B.three years old
C.five months old
D.seven months old
（2）Little and Dixon didn't leave the dog behind，because A .
A.they worried about its safety
B.they could treat its broken leg
C.they wanted to bring it to their farm
D.they planned to send it to a pet shop
（3）What can you learn from the last two paragraphs？ C
A.Shaw named the dog after her son.
B.Shaw kept the dog in the bike store.
C.Shaw knew what happened to the dog.
D.Shaw performed an operation on the dog.
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【答案】CAC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对自行车爱好者偶遇一只受伤的流浪狗，他们决定帮助这只狗，并把它带回小镇，结果被人收养，成为了一只幸福的宠物狗。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 "Something moving nearby among the trees had caught her attention.It turned out to be a sandy﹣colored five﹣month﹣old dog."（附近树林里有东西在动，引起了她的注意。结果发现是一只五个月大的沙色小狗。）可知，当狄克逊遇到这只狗时，它五个月大。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 "We couldn't leave him，"Little said."Out there next to the Oxbow Meadows，he would end up as alligator（短吻鳄） food."（"我们不能丢下它，" 利特尔说。"在奥克斯博草地旁边的那个地方，它最终会成为短吻鳄的食物。"）可知，利特尔和狄克逊没有把狗丢下，是因为他们担心它的安全。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段 "Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they'd met and planned an operation（手术） on his leg"（肖以他们相遇的那个城镇的名字给它取名为科伦坡，并计划为它的腿做一次手术）可知，肖是根据相遇的城镇给狗取名，不是以她儿子的名字，A 选项错误；根据最后一段 "Today，Columbo is living the high life on a farm with a horse and a 6﹣year﹣old boy to keep him company（陪伴）."（如今，科伦坡在一个农场过着惬意的生活，有一匹马和一个 6 岁的男孩陪伴着它。）可知，狗在农场生活，不是在自行车店，B 选项错误；根据倒数第二段 "Shaw was touched and，after learning what had happened，decided to keep the dog."（肖被感动了，在了解了发生的事情后，决定收养这只狗。）可知，肖知道了狗发生了什么事，C 选项正确；根据最后一段 "Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they'd met and planned an operation（手术） on his leg"（肖以他们相遇的那个城镇的名字给它取名为科伦坡，并计划为它的腿做一次手术）可知，是计划做手术，不是肖给狗做手术，D 选项错误。故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
四．任务型阅读（共2小题）
14．（2024秋 朝阳区期末）
The Silk Road
The Silk Road was not only a road，but also a large group of busy roads that connected China with Europe and the Middle East.It started about 2230 years ago，and played an important role in the development of economic（经济的） and cultural exchanges（交换） across countries.
These old roads had busy business ports（港口）.They also had lively markets that offered as the center for the exchange of products.Silk was one of the most popular products，but many other products also traveled along these roads.For example，tea，china，and spices（香料） traveled from the Eastern countries to the Western countries.At the same time，the West exchanged animals，paintings，fruits，etc.
The exchange along the roads had not only products but also ideas and cultures.The ideas from one area would find their way to another，improving societies and understanding.For example，papermaking appeared in China，then reached Europe and other countries.It also changed the way countries communicated with each other.
One of the most famous travelers to use the Silk Road was the Italian traveler Marco Polo.His journey to China during the 13th century，opened up a window into the East for Europeans.To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited，he wrote a famous book，The Travels of Marco Polo.
By understanding the Silk Road，we can know how we keep in touch with the world for centuries，and how products and cultural exchange continue to shape our whole society.Today，the idea of"the Belt and Road Initiative" is put forward by China to develop the economy and cooperation（合作） among Asia，Europe，and Africa.
（1）When did the Silk Road start？ It started about 2230 years ago.
（2）What did the Eastern and Western countries exchange along the roads？ Not only products but also ideas and cultures.
（3）Why did Marco Polo write the famous book？ To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited.
（4）What do you think of the Silk Road？Why do you think so？ （Please give two reasons） I think the Silk Road is very great.Because first，it promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West，enabling different cultures to understand and integrate with each other.Second，the trade on the Silk Road promoted the development and prosperity of the regions along the route，bringing benefits to the local people.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【考点】说明文；传统文化．
【答案】（1）It started about 2230 years ago.
（2）Not only products but also ideas and cultures.
（3）To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited.
（4）I think the Silk Road is very great.Because first，it promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West，enabling different cultures to understand and integrate with each other.Second，the trade on the Silk Road promoted the development and prosperity of the regions along the route，bringing benefits to the local people.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【分析】本文主要讲述了丝绸之路的历史、作用以及其对东西方经济和文化交流的重要影响。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第1段"It started about 2230 years ago"（它开始于2230年前）可知，丝绸之路大约开始于2230年前。故填It started about 2230 years ago.
（2）细节理解题。根据第段"The exchange along the roads had not only products but also ideas and cultures."（沿途的交流不仅有产品，还有思想和文化。）可知，沿途的交流不仅有产品，还有思想和文化。故填Not only products but also ideas and cultures.
（3）细节理解题。根据第4段"To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited，he wrote a famous book，The Travels of Marco Polo."（为了介绍他所访问地区的风俗和地理，他写了一本著名的书，《马可 波罗游记》。）可知，马可 波罗写这本著名的书是为了介绍他所访问地区的风俗和地理。故填To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited.
（4）主观表达题。我认为丝绸之路非常伟大，原因有两个：首先，它促进了东西方之间的经济和文化交流，使得不同文化得以相互了解和融合；其次，丝绸之路上的贸易往来推动了沿途地区的发展和繁荣，为当地人民带来了福祉。故填I think the Silk Road is very great.Because first，it promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West，enabling different cultures to understand and integrate with each other.Second，the trade on the Silk Road promoted the development and prosperity of the regions along the route，bringing benefits to the local people.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
15．（2024秋 延庆区期末） Can you believe that thinking about yourself too much makes you sick？Many psychologists（心理学家）now think so. "Self﹣focus" means thinking about yourself.
In the old days psychologists used to tell patients with depression to pay more attention to themselves.They wanted patients to talk about their problems and feelings.At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure （治愈） depression.Then，some psychologists began wondering if they were wrong，they realized that depressed people talked about themselves much more than non﹣depressed people.Psychologists began to wonder if it is possible for "self﹣focus" to cause depression.So psychologists began thinking of different ways to treat depressed people.They thought that patients would feel better if they stopped thinking about their own problems.They even thought that they could cure depression by having patients focus on other people.
Scientists at the university of Michigan studied older men，some of the men volunteered to help others，others did not volunteer.They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.Duke University scientists studied patients who had heart disease.Some patients were told to volunteer.The patients who volunteered were happier and healthier than the others.As a result of these researches，scientists began recommending volunteerism.
Each of us experiences pain，sadness，and loneliness.One of the best ways to overcome these feelings is to help others who are experiencing difficulty.Thinking about others all the time is not going to solve all your problems，but it is nice to know that by helping others，you can help yourself，too.
（1）What does "self﹣focus" mean？
It means thinking about yourself.
（2）What did psychologists first think "self﹣focus" benefits depressed patients？
At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure depression.
（3）What did the Michigan University study find on the men who volunteered？
They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.
（4）Are you "self﹣focus"？Why or why not？ （Please give two reasons）
No，I am not "self﹣focus".First，focusing too much on myself might lead to negative feelings like depression.Second，by helping others and focusing on them，I can also improve my own well﹣being.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】（1）It means thinking about yourself.
（2）At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure depression.
（3）They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.
（4）No，I am not "self﹣focus".First，focusing too much on myself might lead to negative feelings like depression.Second，by helping others and focusing on them，I can also improve my own well﹣being.
【分析】本文主要讲述了心理学家认为帮助别人能够治疗抑郁症，并且科学家通过研究发现参与志愿者活动能够帮助人们生活得更好。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第1段" 'Self﹣focus' means thinking about yourself."（"自我关注"意味着考虑你自己。）可知，"自我关注"意味着考虑自己。故填It means thinking about yourself.
（2）细节理解题。根据第2段"In the old days psychologists used to tell patients with depression to pay more attention to themselves…At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure （治愈） depression."（过去，心理学家常常告诉抑郁症患者要多注意自己......起初，他们认为"自我关注"可以治愈抑郁症。）可知，心理学家最初认为自我关注可以通过让患者谈论自己的问题和感受来治愈抑郁症。故填At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure depression.
（3）细节理解题。根据第3段"They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer."（他们发现自愿参加的人活得更长。）可知，研究结果是志愿帮助他人的男性寿命更长。故填They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.
（4）观点表达题。不，我不是"自我关注"。首先，过于关注自己可能会导致消极情绪，比如抑郁。第二，通过帮助他人和关注他人，我也可以提高自己的幸福感。故填No，I am not "self﹣focus".First，focusing too much on myself might lead to negative feelings like depression.Second，by helping others and focusing on them，I can also improve my own well﹣being.
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，做出符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
五．书面表达（共1小题）
16．（2024秋 西城区期末）假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tony计划来北京旅游，发来邮件向你咨询。请你用英文写一封回信，向他推荐来北京旅游的最佳时间、旅游景点及推荐理由，并就其它方面（如穿衣、出行方式等） 给出一些建议。
提示词语：autumn，the Great Wall，beautiful，enjoy，underground
提示问题： When is the best time to visit Beijing？
What places can he visit，and why？
What else would you like to tell him？
Dear Tony.
I'm glad to receive your email.______
【考点】书信类；旅游景点．
【答案】Dear Tony.
I'm glad to receive your email.I think the best time to visit Beijing is in September.This is because the weather is perfect，and the leaves start turning gold and then brown.In my opinion，it's the most beautiful season in Beijing.Of course，you can't miss the famous places like the Great Wall and the Palace Museum.You should also visit Lao She Teahouse.There，you can drink tea and try some delicious Beijing snacks.You can also enjoy Beijing Opera，traditional music and magic shows at the Teahouse.It's such a fun and cultural experience.By the way，the best way to get around in Beijing is by underground.It's fast，cheap and goes almost everywhere.Plus，it can help you avoid heavy traffic on the roads.
I hope this helps!Have a great trip!
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】【高分句型一】
This is because the weather is perfect，and the leaves start turning gold and then brown.这是因为天气很好，树叶开始变成金色，然后变成棕色。
because引导表语从句。
【高分句型二】
By the way，the best way to get around in Beijing is by underground.顺便说一下，在北京游览最好的方式是乘地铁。
the best way to do sth做某事的最佳方式。
【解答】Dear Tony.
I'm glad to receive your email.I think the best time to visit Beijing is in September.This is because the weather is perfect，and the leaves start turning gold and then brown.【高分句型一】In my opinion，it's the most beautiful season in Beijing.（游览北京的最佳时间）Of course，you can't miss the famous places like the Great Wall and the Palace Museum.You should also visit Lao She Teahouse.There，you can drink tea and try some delicious Beijing snacks.You can also enjoy Beijing Opera，traditional music and magic shows at the Teahouse.It's such a fun and cultural experience.（去哪些地方以及原因）By the way，the best way to get around in Beijing is by underground.【高分句型二】It's fast，cheap and goes almost everywhere.Plus，it can help you avoid heavy traffic on the roads.（其他）
I hope this helps!Have a great trip!（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
八年级上册英语寒假综合复习培优卷
一．选择题（共8小题）
1．（2024秋 延庆区期末）I knew some students were looking at me but I didn't dare to look at .（ ）
A．they B．them C．their D．theirs
2．（2024秋 延庆区期末）I'd like to watch movie with you， I have a lot of work to do.（ ）
A．so B．or C．because D．but
3．（2024秋 延庆区期末）Beijing Subway Line 3 was put into operation December 15，2024.（ ）
A．on B．to C．at D．of
4．（2024秋 石景山区期末）CITI Tower in Beijing is probably one of buildings in the whole world.（ ）
A．tall B．taller
C．tallest D．the tallest
5．（2024 北京）﹣Lily，your new schoolbag is pretty.______ did you buy it？
﹣In a store near my home.（ ）
A．How B．Where C．Why D．When
6．（2024秋 通州区期末）Amy ______ to school when she saw the accident.（ ）
A．walks B． is walking
C．walked D．was walking
7．（2024秋 丰台区期末）The government is planning more parks in the city.（ ）
A．building B．build C．to build D．built
8．（2024秋 丰台区期末）I think table tennis is sport of all in China.（ ）
A．popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．the most popular
二．完形填空（共1小题）
9．（2024秋 东城区期末）
Lunch Notes
Alex set his lunch tray on the table near his friend Leo."Trade（交换） you some fries for some biscuits，" Alex said.
"Deal，" said Leo，taking his bag of biscuits out of his lunchbox.Alex noticed a piece of paper at the bottom of Leo' s lunchbox.
"What's that？" asked Daniel，another boy in their class.Before Leo could answer，Daniel took the （1） away.He read it in a loud voice："Dear Leo，I hope you have a great day.Love，Mum." Daniel laughed."Your mum puts notes in your lunchbox？"
"Yes，" Leo said.Daniel read the note again，to himself.It almost looked as if he wanted to （2） it."Give it back to Leo，" said Alex."Well，who wants a note anyway？" Daniel said.Daniel threw the note and it fell to the floor.Alex quickly （3） it up and handed it back to Leo.Leo put it into his pocket.
Later that day，Alex's older brother，Mateo，arrived home just after Alex did."How was your day，Alex？" Mateo asked."A boy in my class was （4） to Leo，" Alex said.He explained the way Daniel had acted.Mateo shook his head."How would Daniel like it if people made fun of him for getting a note？"
"Daniel never gets notes，" Alex said.（5） ，he had an idea."That's it!I know how to help Leo and Daniel." Alex explained his idea to Mateo.Mateo （6） to help，and they worked on the plan all afternoon.
At lunchtime the next day，Alex set out 23 folded （折叠的） pieces of paper on a table at the gate of the dining hall.Each piece of paper had the name of a classmate on it，and each classmate （7） a note.
Alex watched as Daniel read the note with his name on it.He knew that the note said， "Daniel，I'm glad you' re in my class.Have a great day." He saw Daniel smile as he put the note into his pocket.
"Great idea，Alex，" said Leo.
"Now everyone knows how （8） it feels to get a lunch note，" Alex said.
（1）A.biscuit B.bag C.lunchbox D.paper
（2）A.study B.return C.keep D.copy
（3）A.raised B.picked C.set D.built
（4）A.rude B.harmful C.polite D.helpful
（5）A.Certainly B.Naturally C.Suddenly D.Possibly
（6）A.offered B.remembered C.needed D.learned
（7）A.wrote B.prepared C.left D.received
（8）A.common B.wonderful C.surprising D.peaceful
三．阅读理解（共4小题）
10．（2024秋 顺义区期末）
A Lesson Learned the Hard Way
John and Tim sat on their bicycles at the start of the cyclo﹣cross course.Tim had been competing in cyclo﹣cross for three years，but this was John's first race.He wished he could remember everything Tim had taught him.
John reviewed the last six months in his mind.From the moment Tim had first asked whether he would like to try the sport，John had been excited.Tim helped John find safety gear.He also explained the importance of practicing and set up a plan for the two friends to practice together.
Practicing was hard.John soon grew bored with working on the same skills over and over.He was ready to race!John ended up skipping （不参加） many of the practices.When John did go to practices，he spent more time doing tricks with his bike instead of listening to Tim's tips.
"Now the real fun begins，" John thought as he sat at the starting line.
"You need to get serious，" Tim warned. "Cyclo﹣cross can be dangerous."
Bang!The starting gun went off.The boys rushed off the starting line.John saw the first obstacle （障碍） ahead.It was a series of small hurdles.
"Here I go!" John shouted when he reached the hurdles.He jumped off his bike and landed hard on his foot.Next，he had to get his bike onto his shoulder.John could not remember what Tim said about shouldering the bike.He tried to pick it up by the wheels but dropped it.Finally，he got his bike off the ground.As he ran，he tried to balance the bike on his shoulder.The bike was heavy，and his ankle hurt.Before he knew it，he was lying face﹣down in the mud.
"Are you okay？" John heard his friend ask.Tim reached down to help John.John was thankful that Tim cared more about him than about the race.He caught Tim's hand and stood.
"Ouch!" John cried.It hurt to put weight on his ankle. "You were right，Tim.Cyclo﹣cross is about more than strength and speed.Can we spend a few more months training together？I want to finish my next cyclo﹣cross race!"
（1）What did John do when he went to practice？
A．He set up a plan for the match.
B．He listened to Tim's tips carefully.
C．He worked hard to perfect his skills.
D．He spent more time doing tricks with his bike.
（2）According to the passage，what kind of person is Tim？
A．He is careful and brave.
B．He is serious and helpful.
C．He is friendly but impatient.
D．He is cooperative but funny.
（3）What will happen next according to the passage？
A．Tim will win the next race.
B．John will skip more practices.
C．John will train harder than before.
D．Tim will end his friendship with John.
11．（2024秋 顺义区期末） Many animals find their way across continents or even around the world every year.The homing pigeon will fly up to 700 miles （1，127 km） in a single day to return to its home.How does the loggerhead turtle navigate 7，500 miles （12，070 km） across the Pacific Ocean？The answer is animals have a variety of super skills.Sometimes they use the same basic senses we do to get around，other times they sense things our bodies can't feel.
In a long﹣distance animal migration （迁徙），there are no sign posts or roads to follow，but there's always the Sun.The monarch butterfly uses the Sun to navigate from the northern United States to central Mexico.Harbor seals navigate by the stars when they search for food at night.
While humans also navigate by the Sun and stars，many animals do something we can't：find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field （磁场）.Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year.Wolves，dogs，birds，butterflies，sea turtles，and many other animals also sense magnetic fields.Scientists have found magnetite in birds' beaks （鸟喙）.Another possibility is a kind of protein found in the eyes of many birds.
Some animals rely on a powerful sense of smell or hearing to find their way.Migrating Chinook salmon can smell their home water in sea water.Sea birds make a smell map of the open ocean.Many animals，including some whales，some birds，and bats，use echolocation （回声定位） to find their way around.
Some animals bring more unusual skills to navigation.The Cataglyphis ant finds its destination by counting its steps.The Mexican blind cave fish finds its way around by sucking in water and noticing how objects around it affect the water's flow.Sea birds use smell over open ocean but can also follow the shape of the coast.Honey bees know the forests，rivers，and roads that lead to the nest.
Sometimes animal navigators come up against obstacles they can't overcome：humans.Logging and farming are destroying forests.We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night.Climate change confuses long﹣distance navigators as the environments they move through are rapidly changing.
Fortunately，scientists have tried some new ideas that have worked.These include lowering lights when migrating birds arrive and planting milkweed for monarch butterflies to replace what has been lost because of farming and development.While we can be amazed at the navigational abilities of animals，we can help them on their journeys，too.
（1）What can we learn from the passage？
A．Sea birds can search for food at night by the stars.
B．Honey bees use echolocation to find their way to the nest.
C．The monarch butterfly can smell the way to central Mexico.
D．Bonnethead sharks find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field.
（2）What does the word "disturb" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？
A．Making animals more tired.
B．Making animals more active.
C．Making animals lose their way.
D．Making animals move quickly.
（3）What is the passage mainly about？
A．The amazing skills of animals.
B．The different senses of animals.
C．The good ways to save animals.
D．The key points to protect animals.
12．（2024秋 西城区期末） Life has its ups and downs and people sometimes feel anxious（焦虑的）.If the feelings of anxiety become too strong，they can make you unwell.Usually，we might see a doctor or take some medicine to feel better.But it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve （涉及） medicine.So，we made a robotic cushion（抱枕） to help manage anxiety.
Our team was made up of scientists from several fields.We built a few different robotic cushions，and each one offered a different calming experience，like the feeling of breathing（呼吸），a heartbeat，and one of them even had colourful lights inside.We asked people to try them out and tell us which they liked the best.Most people liked the cushion that felt like it was breathing.So，we decided to work more on that one.
For our final cushion，we made it bigger so it was easier to hug.We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion，to control（控制） the"breathing".We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer.
Now，we wanted to see if our cushion really could help with anxiety，so we did a test.The test had to do three things：make people feel anxious，check their anxiety levels，and compare the effect（效果） of the cushion to something else.
We made people feel anxious by having them do some difficult math problems in front of others.Afterwards，we asked them to score their anxiety levels from one to ten.To see how well the cushion worked，we put people into three groups.Group A used the breathing cushion，Group B tried meditating （冥想），and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety.After 10 minutes，we asked them to score their anxiety levels again.
We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly.And we saw that meditation also helped people reduce their anxiety.
Meditation can be difficult because it needs attention and practice，but hugging a cushion is easy!And，you could hug the cushion while doing other things.By doing more research like this，we can find ways to help people who need different ways to feel better.What do you think？Would you like to have a breathing cushion to hug when you' re worried？
（1）The scientists made the robotic cushion to .
A.help people call for doctors
B.make the home pretty
C.help people feel less worried
D.tell people when to take medicine
（2）What is the final cushion like？
A.It uses air to make the sound of a heartbeat.
B.It has a robotic part to make it"breathe".
C.It comes in all shapes and sizes.
D.It has colourful lights inside.
（3）What do we know about the test from Paragraphs 5 and 6？
A.People in different groups liked different kinds of cushions.
B.The researchers had people use the cushion during a meditation.
C.The result showed the cushion helped people solve math problems.
D.The test compared the effects of hugging the cushion and sitting quietly.
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？
A.To show how to use a robotic cushion.
B.To introduce a product that helps with anxiety.
C.To warn people about the dangers of being worried.
D.To compare ways of helping people feel less anxious.
13．（2024秋 石景山区期末）
Dog's Best Friend
Jarrett Little was road testing his mountain bike outside of Columbus，Georgia，when his riding partner，Chris Dixon，stopped suddenly.Something moving nearby among the trees had caught her attention.It turned out to be a sandy﹣colored five﹣month﹣old dog.
"He was really thin，and had a broken leg，"Little told CBS News.The cyclists fed the friendly dog and shared their water.They also quickly realized that the dog was following them，although they had no idea how.They were more than seven miles from downtown and riding bikes."We couldn't leave him，"Little said."Out there next to the Oxbow Meadows，he would end up as alligator（短吻鳄） food."
Little，a31﹣year﹣old business owner，had an idea.He carefully picked up his new friend and put the 38﹣pound dog's back legs into the pockets of his cycling shirt.Then he placed the dog's front legs over his shoulders.
"He was hurt，so he wasn't trying to fight，"Little says."He was also happy that we were there，touching him，and hadn't taken off on him."
Their 30﹣minute ride into town ended at a bike store，where they got more water and food for the dog."That was when Andrea Shaw，a company worker，happened by.The dog went straight to her，smelling and"loving on her，"says Dixon.Shaw was touched and，after learning what had happened，decided to keep the dog.
Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they'd met and planned an operation（手术） on his leg，Today，Columbo is living the high life on a farm with a horse and a 6﹣year﹣old boy to keep him company（陪伴）.As Dixon said，"He is really the luckiest dog alive."
（1）When Dixon met the dog，it was .
A.six years old
B.three years old
C.five months old
D.seven months old
（2）Little and Dixon didn't leave the dog behind，because .
A.they worried about its safety
B.they could treat its broken leg
C.they wanted to bring it to their farm
D.they planned to send it to a pet shop
（3）What can you learn from the last two paragraphs？
A.Shaw named the dog after her son.
B.Shaw kept the dog in the bike store.
C.Shaw knew what happened to the dog.
D.Shaw performed an operation on the dog.
四．任务型阅读（共2小题）
14．（2024秋 朝阳区期末）
The Silk Road
The Silk Road was not only a road，but also a large group of busy roads that connected China with Europe and the Middle East.It started about 2230 years ago，and played an important role in the development of economic（经济的） and cultural exchanges（交换） across countries.
These old roads had busy business ports（港口）.They also had lively markets that offered as the center for the exchange of products.Silk was one of the most popular products，but many other products also traveled along these roads.For example，tea，china，and spices（香料） traveled from the Eastern countries to the Western countries.At the same time，the West exchanged animals，paintings，fruits，etc.
The exchange along the roads had not only products but also ideas and cultures.The ideas from one area would find their way to another，improving societies and understanding.For example，papermaking appeared in China，then reached Europe and other countries.It also changed the way countries communicated with each other.
One of the most famous travelers to use the Silk Road was the Italian traveler Marco Polo.His journey to China during the 13th century，opened up a window into the East for Europeans.To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited，he wrote a famous book，The Travels of Marco Polo.
By understanding the Silk Road，we can know how we keep in touch with the world for centuries，and how products and cultural exchange continue to shape our whole society.Today，the idea of"the Belt and Road Initiative" is put forward by China to develop the economy and cooperation（合作） among Asia，Europe，and Africa.
（1）When did the Silk Road start？
（2）What did the Eastern and Western countries exchange along the roads？
（3）Why did Marco Polo write the famous book？
（4）What do you think of the Silk Road？Why do you think so？ （Please give two reasons）
15．（2024秋 延庆区期末） Can you believe that thinking about yourself too much makes you sick？Many psychologists（心理学家）now think so. "Self﹣focus" means thinking about yourself.
In the old days psychologists used to tell patients with depression to pay more attention to themselves.They wanted patients to talk about their problems and feelings.At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure （治愈） depression.Then，some psychologists began wondering if they were wrong，they realized that depressed people talked about themselves much more than non﹣depressed people.Psychologists began to wonder if it is possible for "self﹣focus" to cause depression.So psychologists began thinking of different ways to treat depressed people.They thought that patients would feel better if they stopped thinking about their own problems.They even thought that they could cure depression by having patients focus on other people.
Scientists at the university of Michigan studied older men，some of the men volunteered to help others，others did not volunteer.They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.Duke University scientists studied patients who had heart disease.Some patients were told to volunteer.The patients who volunteered were happier and healthier than the others.As a result of these researches，scientists began recommending volunteerism.
Each of us experiences pain，sadness，and loneliness.One of the best ways to overcome these feelings is to help others who are experiencing difficulty.Thinking about others all the time is not going to solve all your problems，but it is nice to know that by helping others，you can help yourself，too.
（1）What does "self﹣focus" mean？
（2）What did psychologists first think "self﹣focus" benefits depressed patients？
（3）What did the Michigan University study find on the men who volunteered？
（4）Are you "self﹣focus"？Why or why not？ （Please give two reasons）
五．书面表达（共1小题）
16．（2024秋 西城区期末）假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tony计划来北京旅游，发来邮件向你咨询。请你用英文写一封回信，向他推荐来北京旅游的最佳时间、旅游景点及推荐理由，并就其它方面（如穿衣、出行方式等） 给出一些建议。
提示词语：autumn，the Great Wall，beautiful，enjoy，underground
提示问题： When is the best time to visit Beijing？
What places can he visit，and why？
What else would you like to tell him？
Dear Tony.
I'm glad to receive your email..______________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
八年级上册英语寒假综合复习培优卷
参考答案与试题解析
一．选择题（共8小题）
1．（2024秋 延庆区期末）I knew some students were looking at me but I didn't dare to look at .（ ）
A．they B．them C．their D．theirs
【考点】人称代词的宾格．
【答案】B
【分析】我知道一些学生在看着我，但我不敢看他们。、
【解答】they他们，人称代词主格；them他们，人称代词宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；theirs他们的，名词性物主代词。分析句子可知，此处位于动词短语look at之后作宾语，应使用代词的宾格形式。
故选：B。
【点评】掌握代词的用法，结合选项，认真分析，得出答案。
2．（2024秋 延庆区期末）I'd like to watch movie with you， I have a lot of work to do.（ ）
A．so B．or C．because D．but
【考点】表示转折关系的连词．
【答案】D
【分析】我想和你一起看电影，但我有很多工作要做。
【解答】so所以；or或者；because因为；but但是。这里前半句想和对方看电影，后半句因为有工作做不了，语义转折，所以用but连接。
故选：D。
【点评】辨析每个选项的含义，结合句意，选择正确答案。
3．（2024秋 延庆区期末）Beijing Subway Line 3 was put into operation December 15，2024.（ ）
A．on B．to C．at D．of
【考点】时间介词．
【答案】A
【分析】北京地铁3号线于2024年12月15日投入运营。
【解答】on 在……（具体某一天）；to朝，差；at在……（时间点，小地点）；of的。根据"December 15，2024."（2024年12月15日）可知是具体某一天的时间，应用on。
故选：A。
【点评】掌握时间介词的用法是解答的关键。
4．（2024秋 石景山区期末）CITI Tower in Beijing is probably one of buildings in the whole world.（ ）
A．tall B．taller
C．tallest D．the tallest
【考点】形容词的最高级；定冠词（the）．
【答案】D
【分析】北京的花旗大厦可能是全世界最高的建筑之一。
【解答】one of the+最高级+名词复数，意思是最……之一。one of the tallest buildings最高的建筑之一。
故选：D。
【点评】熟悉形容词最高级的用法，结合题意，给出答案。
5．（2024 北京）﹣Lily，your new schoolbag is pretty.______ did you buy it？
﹣In a store near my home.（ ）
A．How B．Where C．Why D．When
【考点】疑问副词．
【答案】B
【分析】—莉莉，你的新书包真漂亮。你在哪里买的？
—在我家附近的一家商店里。
【解答】how如何，怎么样；where在哪里；why为什么；when什么时候。根据答语句意"在我家附近的一家商店里"可知，前句要问"你在哪里买的"，要填"在哪里"，其它选项语意不通。
故选：B。
【点评】考疑问副词。要根据疑问副词的含义和用法，进行比较，找出正确答案。
6．（2024秋 通州区期末）Amy ______ to school when she saw the accident.（ ）
A．walks B． is walking
C．walked D．was walking
【考点】过去进行时．
【答案】D
【分析】当Amy看见这场事故的时候，她正在步行去学校。
【解答】A．walks走，一般现在时；B．is walking现在进行时；C．walked一般过去时；D．was walking过去进行时；根据when she saw the accident（当她看到事故时）可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时；从句用一般过去时。
故选：D。
【点评】仔细分析句子的结构，掌握过去进行时的用法。
7．（2024秋 丰台区期末）The government is planning more parks in the city.（ ）
A．building B．build C．to build D．built
【考点】动词不定式的一般式．
【答案】C
【分析】 政府正计划在城市里建更多的公园。
【解答】build，动词，建造。选项A是动名词；选项B是动词原形；选项C是动词不定式；选项D是过去分词。根据观察可知题干使用了plan to do sth短语 ，意思是"计划干某事"，正确答案是C。
故选：C。
【点评】本题考查动词不定式作宾语。
8．（2024秋 丰台区期末）I think table tennis is sport of all in China.（ ）
A．popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．the most popular
【考点】形容词的最高级．
【答案】D
【分析】我认为乒乓球在中国是最受欢迎的运动。
【解答】popular受欢迎的，是形容词的原级；more popular更受欢迎的，是比较级；most popular最受欢迎的，是最高级；the most popular最受欢迎的，是the+形容词的最高级。根据of all in China（在中国所有的运动中）可知，应该用形容词的最高级，形容词的最高级前面必须用定冠词the。
故选：D。
【点评】考查形容词的最高级，应牢记其含义和用法，结合语境答题。
二．完形填空（共1小题）
9．（2024秋 东城区期末）
Lunch Notes
Alex set his lunch tray on the table near his friend Leo."Trade（交换） you some fries for some biscuits，" Alex said.
"Deal，" said Leo，taking his bag of biscuits out of his lunchbox.Alex noticed a piece of paper at the bottom of Leo' s lunchbox.
"What's that？" asked Daniel，another boy in their class.Before Leo could answer，Daniel took the （1） D away.He read it in a loud voice："Dear Leo，I hope you have a great day.Love，Mum." Daniel laughed."Your mum puts notes in your lunchbox？"
"Yes，" Leo said.Daniel read the note again，to himself.It almost looked as if he wanted to （2） C it."Give it back to Leo，" said Alex."Well，who wants a note anyway？" Daniel said.Daniel threw the note and it fell to the floor.Alex quickly （3） B it up and handed it back to Leo.Leo put it into his pocket.
Later that day，Alex's older brother，Mateo，arrived home just after Alex did."How was your day，Alex？" Mateo asked."A boy in my class was （4） A to Leo，" Alex said.He explained the way Daniel had acted.Mateo shook his head."How would Daniel like it if people made fun of him for getting a note？"
"Daniel never gets notes，" Alex said.（5） C ，he had an idea."That's it!I know how to help Leo and Daniel." Alex explained his idea to Mateo.Mateo （6） A to help，and they worked on the plan all afternoon.
At lunchtime the next day，Alex set out 23 folded （折叠的） pieces of paper on a table at the gate of the dining hall.Each piece of paper had the name of a classmate on it，and each classmate （7） D a note.
Alex watched as Daniel read the note with his name on it.He knew that the note said， "Daniel，I'm glad you' re in my class.Have a great day." He saw Daniel smile as he put the note into his pocket.
"Great idea，Alex，" said Leo.
"Now everyone knows how （8） B it feels to get a lunch note，" Alex said.
（1）A.biscuit B.bag C.lunchbox D.paper
（2）A.study B.return C.keep D.copy
（3）A.raised B.picked C.set D.built
（4）A.rude B.harmful C.polite D.helpful
（5）A.Certainly B.Naturally C.Suddenly D.Possibly
（6）A.offered B.remembered C.needed D.learned
（7）A.wrote B.prepared C.left D.received
（8）A.common B.wonderful C.surprising D.peaceful
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【答案】DCBAC ADB
【分析】短文主要讲述了Alex和Leo在学校午餐时发生的故事。Leo的妈妈经常在他的午餐盒里放一张温馨的纸条，但被同学Daniel嘲笑并扔掉了。Alex觉得不公平，决定帮助Leo和Daniel。他为每个同学准备了一张类似的纸条，让大家都感受到收到温暖纸条的感觉。最终，Daniel也露出了微笑，接受了这种善意。
【解答】（1）考查名词。句意：Leo还没来得及回答，Daniel就把纸拿走了。A.饼干；B.袋子；C.午餐盒；D.纸张。根据Alex noticed a piece of paper at the bottom of Leo' s lunchbox.（Alex注意到Leo午餐盒底部有一张纸。）可知，Leo午餐盒底部有一张纸，故把纸拿走了。故选D。
（2）考查动词。句意：看起来他几乎想保留它。A.研究；B.返回；C.保留；D.复制。根据Daniel read the note again，to himself.（Daniel又读了一遍纸条，自言自语。）和"Give it back to Leo，" said Alex.（"把它还给里Leo，"Alex说。）可知，Daniel又读了一遍纸条以及Alex让他还给Leo，故看起来他几乎想保留它。故选C。
（3）考查动词。句意：Alex很快把它捡起来，还给了Leo。A.抚养；B.捡；C.设置；D.建造。根据Daniel threw the note and it fell to the floor（Daniel把纸条扔了，掉在了地上）可知，纸条在地上，故Alex很快把它捡起来。故选B。
（4）考查形容词。句意：我们班上有个男孩对Leo很粗鲁。A.粗鲁的；B.有害的；C.礼貌的；D.乐于助人的。根据Daniel threw the note and it fell to the floor（Daniel把纸条扔了，掉在了地上）可知，Daniel把纸条扔到地上的行为是粗鲁的。故选A。
（5）考查副词。句意：突然，他想到了一个主意。A.当然可以；B.自然地；C.突然；D.可能。根据he had an idea（他想到了一个主意）可知，突然想到主意。故选C。
（6）考查动词。句意：Mateo主动提出帮忙，他们整个下午都在制定计划。A.主动提出；B.记得；C.需要；D.学习。根据to help（帮助）可知，主动提出帮忙。故选A。
（7）考查动词。句意：每张纸上都有一个同学的名字，每个同学都收到了一张便条。A.写；B.准备；C.留下；D.收到。根据get a lunch note（得到午餐纸条）可知，每个同学都收到了一张便条。故选D。
（8）考查形容词。句意：现在每个人都知道收到午餐纸条的感觉有多棒。A.普通的；B.精彩的；C.惊喜的；D.和平的。根据He saw Daniel smile as he put the note into his pocket.（他看到Daniel微笑着把纸条放进口袋。）可知，Daniel微笑着把纸条放进口袋，故每个人都知道收到午餐纸条的感觉有多棒。故选B。
【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
三．阅读理解（共4小题）
10．（2024秋 顺义区期末）
A Lesson Learned the Hard Way
John and Tim sat on their bicycles at the start of the cyclo﹣cross course.Tim had been competing in cyclo﹣cross for three years，but this was John's first race.He wished he could remember everything Tim had taught him.
John reviewed the last six months in his mind.From the moment Tim had first asked whether he would like to try the sport，John had been excited.Tim helped John find safety gear.He also explained the importance of practicing and set up a plan for the two friends to practice together.
Practicing was hard.John soon grew bored with working on the same skills over and over.He was ready to race!John ended up skipping （不参加） many of the practices.When John did go to practices，he spent more time doing tricks with his bike instead of listening to Tim's tips.
"Now the real fun begins，" John thought as he sat at the starting line.
"You need to get serious，" Tim warned. "Cyclo﹣cross can be dangerous."
Bang!The starting gun went off.The boys rushed off the starting line.John saw the first obstacle （障碍） ahead.It was a series of small hurdles.
"Here I go!" John shouted when he reached the hurdles.He jumped off his bike and landed hard on his foot.Next，he had to get his bike onto his shoulder.John could not remember what Tim said about shouldering the bike.He tried to pick it up by the wheels but dropped it.Finally，he got his bike off the ground.As he ran，he tried to balance the bike on his shoulder.The bike was heavy，and his ankle hurt.Before he knew it，he was lying face﹣down in the mud.
"Are you okay？" John heard his friend ask.Tim reached down to help John.John was thankful that Tim cared more about him than about the race.He caught Tim's hand and stood.
"Ouch!" John cried.It hurt to put weight on his ankle. "You were right，Tim.Cyclo﹣cross is about more than strength and speed.Can we spend a few more months training together？I want to finish my next cyclo﹣cross race!"
（1）What did John do when he went to practice？ D
A．He set up a plan for the match.
B．He listened to Tim's tips carefully.
C．He worked hard to perfect his skills.
D．He spent more time doing tricks with his bike.
（2）According to the passage，what kind of person is Tim？ B
A．He is careful and brave.
B．He is serious and helpful.
C．He is friendly but impatient.
D．He is cooperative but funny.
（3）What will happen next according to the passage？ C
A．Tim will win the next race.
B．John will skip more practices.
C．John will train harder than before.
D．Tim will end his friendship with John.
【考点】记叙文；体育．
【答案】DBC
【分析】本文讲述了John首次参加自行车越野赛的经历。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第3段"When John did go to practices，he spent more time doing tricks with his bike instead of listening to Tim's tips."（当约翰真的去训练时，他花更多的时间在骑自行车上，而不是听蒂姆的建议。） 可知，约翰在练习时更多是花时间去表演自行车特技，故选D。
（2）推理判断题。根据第2段"Tim helped John find safety gear.He also explained the importance of practicing and set up a plan for the two friends to practice together."（蒂姆帮约翰找到了安全装备。他还解释了练习的重要性，并为两个朋友制定了一个一起练习的计划。）第5段"'You need to get serious，' Tim warned. 'Cyclo﹣cross can be dangerous.'"（"你得认真点，"蒂姆警告说。"骑自行车可能很危险。"）以及第8段"Tim reached down to help John.John was thankful that Tim cared more about him than about the race."（蒂姆伸手去帮助约翰。约翰很感激蒂姆更关心他而不是比赛。）可知蒂姆教导约翰并给他提供帮助，表明他是一个认真的人，且乐于助人，故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后1段"You were right，Tim.Cyclo﹣cross is about more than strength and speed.Can we spend a few more months training together？I want to finish my next cyclo﹣cross race!"（你说得对，蒂姆。自行车越野赛不仅仅是力量和速度。我们能再一起训练几个月吗？我想完成我的下一次自行车越野赛！"）可知，文章最后约翰意识到比赛不仅是力量和速度，还表示希望未来能做好准备完成比赛，因此他极有可能比以前更刻苦训练，故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
11．（2024秋 顺义区期末） Many animals find their way across continents or even around the world every year.The homing pigeon will fly up to 700 miles （1，127 km） in a single day to return to its home.How does the loggerhead turtle navigate 7，500 miles （12，070 km） across the Pacific Ocean？The answer is animals have a variety of super skills.Sometimes they use the same basic senses we do to get around，other times they sense things our bodies can't feel.
In a long﹣distance animal migration （迁徙），there are no sign posts or roads to follow，but there's always the Sun.The monarch butterfly uses the Sun to navigate from the northern United States to central Mexico.Harbor seals navigate by the stars when they search for food at night.
While humans also navigate by the Sun and stars，many animals do something we can't：find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field （磁场）.Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year.Wolves，dogs，birds，butterflies，sea turtles，and many other animals also sense magnetic fields.Scientists have found magnetite in birds' beaks （鸟喙）.Another possibility is a kind of protein found in the eyes of many birds.
Some animals rely on a powerful sense of smell or hearing to find their way.Migrating Chinook salmon can smell their home water in sea water.Sea birds make a smell map of the open ocean.Many animals，including some whales，some birds，and bats，use echolocation （回声定位） to find their way around.
Some animals bring more unusual skills to navigation.The Cataglyphis ant finds its destination by counting its steps.The Mexican blind cave fish finds its way around by sucking in water and noticing how objects around it affect the water's flow.Sea birds use smell over open ocean but can also follow the shape of the coast.Honey bees know the forests，rivers，and roads that lead to the nest.
Sometimes animal navigators come up against obstacles they can't overcome：humans.Logging and farming are destroying forests.We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night.Climate change confuses long﹣distance navigators as the environments they move through are rapidly changing.
Fortunately，scientists have tried some new ideas that have worked.These include lowering lights when migrating birds arrive and planting milkweed for monarch butterflies to replace what has been lost because of farming and development.While we can be amazed at the navigational abilities of animals，we can help them on their journeys，too.
（1）What can we learn from the passage？ D
A．Sea birds can search for food at night by the stars.
B．Honey bees use echolocation to find their way to the nest.
C．The monarch butterfly can smell the way to central Mexico.
D．Bonnethead sharks find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field.
（2）What does the word "disturb" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？ C
A．Making animals more tired.
B．Making animals more active.
C．Making animals lose their way.
D．Making animals move quickly.
（3）What is the passage mainly about？ A
A．The amazing skills of animals.
B．The different senses of animals.
C．The good ways to save animals.
D．The key points to protect animals.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】DCA
【分析】本文介绍了不同动物使用的各种导航技能，包括利用太阳、星星、地磁场、嗅觉、听觉等方法进行长途迁徙，以及人类活动如何影响动物导航，并探讨了可以帮助动物的方法。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第三段"Bonnethead sharks swim hundreds of miles to return to their feeding grounds every year.Wolves，dogs，birds，butterflies，sea turtles，and many other animals also sense magnetic fields."（窄头双髻鲨每年游数百英里回到它们的觅食地。狼、狗、鸟、蝴蝶、海龟和许多其他动物也能感知磁场。）可知，窄头双髻鲨是通过感知地球的磁场来导航的。故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段"We disturb animals that navigate by the stars when we keep city lights on all night."（当我们整晚都开着城市灯时，我们......靠星星导航的动物。）可知，夜间城市灯光会干扰通过星星导航的动物，由此推测出"disturb"表示让动物迷失方向。故选C。
（3）主旨大意题。根据第二段The monarch butterfly uses the Sun to navigate from the northern United States to central Mexico.Harbor seals navigate by the stars when they search for food at night.（帝王蝶利用太阳从美国北部导航到墨西哥中部。海豹在夜间寻找食物时靠星星导航。）第三段many animals do something we can't：find their way by sensing Earth's magnetic field（许多动物做了一些我们做不到的事情：通过感知地球磁场找到自己的路。）以及全文内容可知，文章介绍了动物为了迁徙而使用的各种导航本领。故选A。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
12．（2024秋 西城区期末） Life has its ups and downs and people sometimes feel anxious（焦虑的）.If the feelings of anxiety become too strong，they can make you unwell.Usually，we might see a doctor or take some medicine to feel better.But it would be helpful to have something to use at home that does not involve （涉及） medicine.So，we made a robotic cushion（抱枕） to help manage anxiety.
Our team was made up of scientists from several fields.We built a few different robotic cushions，and each one offered a different calming experience，like the feeling of breathing（呼吸），a heartbeat，and one of them even had colourful lights inside.We asked people to try them out and tell us which they liked the best.Most people liked the cushion that felt like it was breathing.So，we decided to work more on that one.
For our final cushion，we made it bigger so it was easier to hug.We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion，to control（控制） the"breathing".We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer.
Now，we wanted to see if our cushion really could help with anxiety，so we did a test.The test had to do three things：make people feel anxious，check their anxiety levels，and compare the effect（效果） of the cushion to something else.
We made people feel anxious by having them do some difficult math problems in front of others.Afterwards，we asked them to score their anxiety levels from one to ten.To see how well the cushion worked，we put people into three groups.Group A used the breathing cushion，Group B tried meditating （冥想），and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety.After 10 minutes，we asked them to score their anxiety levels again.
We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly.And we saw that meditation also helped people reduce their anxiety.
Meditation can be difficult because it needs attention and practice，but hugging a cushion is easy!And，you could hug the cushion while doing other things.By doing more research like this，we can find ways to help people who need different ways to feel better.What do you think？Would you like to have a breathing cushion to hug when you' re worried？
（1）The scientists made the robotic cushion to C .
A.help people call for doctors
B.make the home pretty
C.help people feel less worried
D.tell people when to take medicine
（2）What is the final cushion like？ B
A.It uses air to make the sound of a heartbeat.
B.It has a robotic part to make it"breathe".
C.It comes in all shapes and sizes.
D.It has colourful lights inside.
（3）What do we know about the test from Paragraphs 5 and 6？ D
A.People in different groups liked different kinds of cushions.
B.The researchers had people use the cushion during a meditation.
C.The result showed the cushion helped people solve math problems.
D.The test compared the effects of hugging the cushion and sitting quietly.
（4）What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？ B
A.To show how to use a robotic cushion.
B.To introduce a product that helps with anxiety.
C.To warn people about the dangers of being worried.
D.To compare ways of helping people feel less anxious.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】CBDB
【分析】本文介绍了一种用于缓解焦虑的机器人抱枕。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段So，we made a robotic cushion（抱枕） to help manage anxiety.（所以，我们制作了一个机器人抱枕来帮助控制焦虑。）可知，科学家们制造了这个机器人目的是帮助人们减轻忧虑。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据For our final cushion，we made it bigger so it was easier to hug.We made a robotic part that could push air in and out of a balloon inside the cushion，to control（控制） the"breathing".We did this because slow breathing helps people feel calmer.（对于我们的最后一个坐垫，我们把它做得更大，这样更容易拥抱。我们制作了一个机器人部件，可以推动抱枕内的气球进出空气，以控制"呼吸"。我们这样做是因为缓慢呼吸能让人感觉更平静。）可知，最后的抱枕是有一个机器人部件使它"呼吸"。故选B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第五段To see how well the cushion worked，we put people into three groups.Group A used the breathing cushion，Group B tried meditating （冥想），and Group C just sat quietly without anything to help with their anxiety.（为了看看这个垫子的效果如何，我们把人们分成了三组。A组使用呼吸垫，B组尝试冥想，C组只是静静地坐着，没有任何帮助他们缓解焦虑的东西。）和第六段We found that people who hugged the breathing cushion had much less anxiety than those who just sat quietly.（我们发现，抱着呼吸抱枕的人比那些静静地坐着的人焦虑程度要低得多。）可知，从第5段和第6段我们知道，测试比较了抱着抱枕和安静坐着的效果。故选D。
（4）主旨大意题。根据第一段So，we made a robotic cushion（抱枕） to help manage anxiety.（所以，我们制作了一个机器人抱枕来帮助控制焦虑。）以及全文信息可知，本文主要介绍了本文介绍了一种用于缓解焦虑的机器人抱枕，因此作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一款有助于缓解焦虑的产品。故选B。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
13．（2024秋 石景山区期末）
Dog's Best Friend
Jarrett Little was road testing his mountain bike outside of Columbus，Georgia，when his riding partner，Chris Dixon，stopped suddenly.Something moving nearby among the trees had caught her attention.It turned out to be a sandy﹣colored five﹣month﹣old dog.
"He was really thin，and had a broken leg，"Little told CBS News.The cyclists fed the friendly dog and shared their water.They also quickly realized that the dog was following them，although they had no idea how.They were more than seven miles from downtown and riding bikes."We couldn't leave him，"Little said."Out there next to the Oxbow Meadows，he would end up as alligator（短吻鳄） food."
Little，a31﹣year﹣old business owner，had an idea.He carefully picked up his new friend and put the 38﹣pound dog's back legs into the pockets of his cycling shirt.Then he placed the dog's front legs over his shoulders.
"He was hurt，so he wasn't trying to fight，"Little says."He was also happy that we were there，touching him，and hadn't taken off on him."
Their 30﹣minute ride into town ended at a bike store，where they got more water and food for the dog."That was when Andrea Shaw，a company worker，happened by.The dog went straight to her，smelling and"loving on her，"says Dixon.Shaw was touched and，after learning what had happened，decided to keep the dog.
Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they'd met and planned an operation（手术） on his leg，Today，Columbo is living the high life on a farm with a horse and a 6﹣year﹣old boy to keep him company（陪伴）.As Dixon said，"He is really the luckiest dog alive."
（1）When Dixon met the dog，it was C .
A.six years old
B.three years old
C.five months old
D.seven months old
（2）Little and Dixon didn't leave the dog behind，because A .
A.they worried about its safety
B.they could treat its broken leg
C.they wanted to bring it to their farm
D.they planned to send it to a pet shop
（3）What can you learn from the last two paragraphs？ C
A.Shaw named the dog after her son.
B.Shaw kept the dog in the bike store.
C.Shaw knew what happened to the dog.
D.Shaw performed an operation on the dog.
【考点】记叙文；日常生活．
【答案】CAC
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对自行车爱好者偶遇一只受伤的流浪狗，他们决定帮助这只狗，并把它带回小镇，结果被人收养，成为了一只幸福的宠物狗。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段 "Something moving nearby among the trees had caught her attention.It turned out to be a sandy﹣colored five﹣month﹣old dog."（附近树林里有东西在动，引起了她的注意。结果发现是一只五个月大的沙色小狗。）可知，当狄克逊遇到这只狗时，它五个月大。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据第二段 "We couldn't leave him，"Little said."Out there next to the Oxbow Meadows，he would end up as alligator（短吻鳄） food."（"我们不能丢下它，" 利特尔说。"在奥克斯博草地旁边的那个地方，它最终会成为短吻鳄的食物。"）可知，利特尔和狄克逊没有把狗丢下，是因为他们担心它的安全。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段 "Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they'd met and planned an operation（手术） on his leg"（肖以他们相遇的那个城镇的名字给它取名为科伦坡，并计划为它的腿做一次手术）可知，肖是根据相遇的城镇给狗取名，不是以她儿子的名字，A 选项错误；根据最后一段 "Today，Columbo is living the high life on a farm with a horse and a 6﹣year﹣old boy to keep him company（陪伴）."（如今，科伦坡在一个农场过着惬意的生活，有一匹马和一个 6 岁的男孩陪伴着它。）可知，狗在农场生活，不是在自行车店，B 选项错误；根据倒数第二段 "Shaw was touched and，after learning what had happened，decided to keep the dog."（肖被感动了，在了解了发生的事情后，决定收养这只狗。）可知，肖知道了狗发生了什么事，C 选项正确；根据最后一段 "Shaw called him Columbo after the town where they'd met and planned an operation（手术） on his leg"（肖以他们相遇的那个城镇的名字给它取名为科伦坡，并计划为它的腿做一次手术）可知，是计划做手术，不是肖给狗做手术，D 选项错误。故选C。
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
四．任务型阅读（共2小题）
14．（2024秋 朝阳区期末）
The Silk Road
The Silk Road was not only a road，but also a large group of busy roads that connected China with Europe and the Middle East.It started about 2230 years ago，and played an important role in the development of economic（经济的） and cultural exchanges（交换） across countries.
These old roads had busy business ports（港口）.They also had lively markets that offered as the center for the exchange of products.Silk was one of the most popular products，but many other products also traveled along these roads.For example，tea，china，and spices（香料） traveled from the Eastern countries to the Western countries.At the same time，the West exchanged animals，paintings，fruits，etc.
The exchange along the roads had not only products but also ideas and cultures.The ideas from one area would find their way to another，improving societies and understanding.For example，papermaking appeared in China，then reached Europe and other countries.It also changed the way countries communicated with each other.
One of the most famous travelers to use the Silk Road was the Italian traveler Marco Polo.His journey to China during the 13th century，opened up a window into the East for Europeans.To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited，he wrote a famous book，The Travels of Marco Polo.
By understanding the Silk Road，we can know how we keep in touch with the world for centuries，and how products and cultural exchange continue to shape our whole society.Today，the idea of"the Belt and Road Initiative" is put forward by China to develop the economy and cooperation（合作） among Asia，Europe，and Africa.
（1）When did the Silk Road start？ It started about 2230 years ago.
（2）What did the Eastern and Western countries exchange along the roads？ Not only products but also ideas and cultures.
（3）Why did Marco Polo write the famous book？ To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited.
（4）What do you think of the Silk Road？Why do you think so？ （Please give two reasons） I think the Silk Road is very great.Because first，it promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West，enabling different cultures to understand and integrate with each other.Second，the trade on the Silk Road promoted the development and prosperity of the regions along the route，bringing benefits to the local people.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【考点】说明文；传统文化．
【答案】（1）It started about 2230 years ago.
（2）Not only products but also ideas and cultures.
（3）To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited.
（4）I think the Silk Road is very great.Because first，it promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West，enabling different cultures to understand and integrate with each other.Second，the trade on the Silk Road promoted the development and prosperity of the regions along the route，bringing benefits to the local people.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【分析】本文主要讲述了丝绸之路的历史、作用以及其对东西方经济和文化交流的重要影响。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第1段"It started about 2230 years ago"（它开始于2230年前）可知，丝绸之路大约开始于2230年前。故填It started about 2230 years ago.
（2）细节理解题。根据第段"The exchange along the roads had not only products but also ideas and cultures."（沿途的交流不仅有产品，还有思想和文化。）可知，沿途的交流不仅有产品，还有思想和文化。故填Not only products but also ideas and cultures.
（3）细节理解题。根据第4段"To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited，he wrote a famous book，The Travels of Marco Polo."（为了介绍他所访问地区的风俗和地理，他写了一本著名的书，《马可 波罗游记》。）可知，马可 波罗写这本著名的书是为了介绍他所访问地区的风俗和地理。故填To introduce the customs and geography of the areas he visited.
（4）主观表达题。我认为丝绸之路非常伟大，原因有两个：首先，它促进了东西方之间的经济和文化交流，使得不同文化得以相互了解和融合；其次，丝绸之路上的贸易往来推动了沿途地区的发展和繁荣，为当地人民带来了福祉。故填I think the Silk Road is very great.Because first，it promoted economic and cultural exchanges between the East and the West，enabling different cultures to understand and integrate with each other.Second，the trade on the Silk Road promoted the development and prosperity of the regions along the route，bringing benefits to the local people.（答案不唯一，言之有理即可）
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
15．（2024秋 延庆区期末） Can you believe that thinking about yourself too much makes you sick？Many psychologists（心理学家）now think so. "Self﹣focus" means thinking about yourself.
In the old days psychologists used to tell patients with depression to pay more attention to themselves.They wanted patients to talk about their problems and feelings.At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure （治愈） depression.Then，some psychologists began wondering if they were wrong，they realized that depressed people talked about themselves much more than non﹣depressed people.Psychologists began to wonder if it is possible for "self﹣focus" to cause depression.So psychologists began thinking of different ways to treat depressed people.They thought that patients would feel better if they stopped thinking about their own problems.They even thought that they could cure depression by having patients focus on other people.
Scientists at the university of Michigan studied older men，some of the men volunteered to help others，others did not volunteer.They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.Duke University scientists studied patients who had heart disease.Some patients were told to volunteer.The patients who volunteered were happier and healthier than the others.As a result of these researches，scientists began recommending volunteerism.
Each of us experiences pain，sadness，and loneliness.One of the best ways to overcome these feelings is to help others who are experiencing difficulty.Thinking about others all the time is not going to solve all your problems，but it is nice to know that by helping others，you can help yourself，too.
（1）What does "self﹣focus" mean？
It means thinking about yourself.
（2）What did psychologists first think "self﹣focus" benefits depressed patients？
At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure depression.
（3）What did the Michigan University study find on the men who volunteered？
They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.
（4）Are you "self﹣focus"？Why or why not？ （Please give two reasons）
No，I am not "self﹣focus".First，focusing too much on myself might lead to negative feelings like depression.Second，by helping others and focusing on them，I can also improve my own well﹣being.
【考点】说明文；科普知识．
【答案】（1）It means thinking about yourself.
（2）At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure depression.
（3）They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.
（4）No，I am not "self﹣focus".First，focusing too much on myself might lead to negative feelings like depression.Second，by helping others and focusing on them，I can also improve my own well﹣being.
【分析】本文主要讲述了心理学家认为帮助别人能够治疗抑郁症，并且科学家通过研究发现参与志愿者活动能够帮助人们生活得更好。
【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第1段" 'Self﹣focus' means thinking about yourself."（"自我关注"意味着考虑你自己。）可知，"自我关注"意味着考虑自己。故填It means thinking about yourself.
（2）细节理解题。根据第2段"In the old days psychologists used to tell patients with depression to pay more attention to themselves…At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure （治愈） depression."（过去，心理学家常常告诉抑郁症患者要多注意自己......起初，他们认为"自我关注"可以治愈抑郁症。）可知，心理学家最初认为自我关注可以通过让患者谈论自己的问题和感受来治愈抑郁症。故填At first they thought that "self﹣focus" would cure depression.
（3）细节理解题。根据第3段"They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer."（他们发现自愿参加的人活得更长。）可知，研究结果是志愿帮助他人的男性寿命更长。故填They found that the men who volunteered lived much longer.
（4）观点表达题。不，我不是"自我关注"。首先，过于关注自己可能会导致消极情绪，比如抑郁。第二，通过帮助他人和关注他人，我也可以提高自己的幸福感。故填No，I am not "self﹣focus".First，focusing too much on myself might lead to negative feelings like depression.Second，by helping others and focusing on them，I can also improve my own well﹣being.
【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，做出符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
五．书面表达（共1小题）
16．（2024秋 西城区期末）假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Tony计划来北京旅游，发来邮件向你咨询。请你用英文写一封回信，向他推荐来北京旅游的最佳时间、旅游景点及推荐理由，并就其它方面（如穿衣、出行方式等） 给出一些建议。
提示词语：autumn，the Great Wall，beautiful，enjoy，underground
提示问题： When is the best time to visit Beijing？
What places can he visit，and why？
What else would you like to tell him？
Dear Tony.
I'm glad to receive your email.______
【考点】书信类；旅游景点．
【答案】Dear Tony.
I'm glad to receive your email.I think the best time to visit Beijing is in September.This is because the weather is perfect，and the leaves start turning gold and then brown.In my opinion，it's the most beautiful season in Beijing.Of course，you can't miss the famous places like the Great Wall and the Palace Museum.You should also visit Lao She Teahouse.There，you can drink tea and try some delicious Beijing snacks.You can also enjoy Beijing Opera，traditional music and magic shows at the Teahouse.It's such a fun and cultural experience.By the way，the best way to get around in Beijing is by underground.It's fast，cheap and goes almost everywhere.Plus，it can help you avoid heavy traffic on the roads.
I hope this helps!Have a great trip!
Yours，
Li Hua
【分析】【高分句型一】
This is because the weather is perfect，and the leaves start turning gold and then brown.这是因为天气很好，树叶开始变成金色，然后变成棕色。
because引导表语从句。
【高分句型二】
By the way，the best way to get around in Beijing is by underground.顺便说一下，在北京游览最好的方式是乘地铁。
the best way to do sth做某事的最佳方式。
【解答】Dear Tony.
I'm glad to receive your email.I think the best time to visit Beijing is in September.This is because the weather is perfect，and the leaves start turning gold and then brown.【高分句型一】In my opinion，it's the most beautiful season in Beijing.（游览北京的最佳时间）Of course，you can't miss the famous places like the Great Wall and the Palace Museum.You should also visit Lao She Teahouse.There，you can drink tea and try some delicious Beijing snacks.You can also enjoy Beijing Opera，traditional music and magic shows at the Teahouse.It's such a fun and cultural experience.（去哪些地方以及原因）By the way，the best way to get around in Beijing is by underground.【高分句型二】It's fast，cheap and goes almost everywhere.Plus，it can help you avoid heavy traffic on the roads.（其他）
I hope this helps!Have a great trip!（希望）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。
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