课件38张PPT。Module 4 Book OneThe Present Perfect Tense现在完成时 海口中学
2016. 10.26Learning Aims To review the structures of present perfect tense
复习掌握现在完成时的结构To grasp differences between present perfect tense and past simple tense
掌握理解现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 To grasp durative and transient verbs
理解持续性动词和瞬间动词 Lead in: an unfinished story about LukaLuka has not been able to walk for many years. He has dreamed of becoming a basketball player.This is the first time that he has thrown a ball to the basket，thanks to his photographer（摄影师）.Because of muscular dystrophy （肌肉萎缩症）Skateboarding has always been exciting to him. However, he has not tried skateboarding in real life. Fortunately, his photographer has helped him to realize his dream, at least in this photo.Has swimming been one of his old dreams? Luka has seen many doctors to get his health back.However those doctors have not cured(治愈) his illness.Yes, it has. I. Structure肯定句：否定句：Shave/hasv.+edShave/hasv.+edHe has dreamed of becoming a basketball player.notHowever, doctors have not cured his illness.简单回答：疑 问 句：SHave/Hasv.+ed…? Has swimming been one of his old dreams? No, it hasn’t.Yes, 代+ have/has. No, 代+ haven’t/hasn’t. Yes, it has.Correction: 改错 Luka have not been able to walkfor many years. He has dream of becoming a basketball player.Luka has not been able to walk for many years. He has dreamed of becoming a basketball player.Sports has always be exciting to him. Sports have always been exciting to him. Please rewrite the following disordered sentences and make them meaningful.
请组词成句。 for many years, been able to, Luka, walk, has, not a basketball player, becoming, he, dreamed of, has, Luka has not been able to walk for many years. He has dreamed of becoming a basketball player.to him, exciting, has, always, Skateboarding, been tried, skateboarding, in real life, he, has, not Skateboarding has always been exciting to him. He has not tried skateboarding in real life.many, to get, back, has, Luka, seen, his health, doctors Luka has seen many doctors to get his health back.swimming, one, his, been, of, ? has, old, dreams, Has swimming been one of his old dreams? II. Differences Between the Past Simple Tense and the Present Perfect Tense
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 区别一：表意方面 现 在 完 成 时
动作发生在过去, 但强调对现在的影响,重点在现在。
I have just had my lunch, I’m not hungry. 一 般 过 去 时
过去的动作和状态与现在无关。
I was a child 10 years ago.
I saw him yesterday.now the past The Futureaxis the past The FutureaxisnowI lost my keys yesterday.
Do I have my keys now?
I don’t know.I have lost my keys.
Do I have my keys now?
No, you don’t. Group Work:
Complete and do the dialogues with your partners.Hey, you know what, __________________________ (昨天弄到一千美元。)That’s great, I just need some money, _________________________________ (你能借我500美元吗？)Sorry, I can’t.
Why?Because__________________________
(我已经把钱给丢了。)I got $1,000 yesterday.Can you lend me $500?I have lost my money. 区别二：时间状语搭配时间状语 Temporal AdverbialPast Simple Tenseyesterday
last week
…ago
in 1990
in October
just now
when…
…
Present Perfect Tensealready
ever, never
since
so far,
up to now,
till now
over the past… years
…
时
间
较
具
体时
间
较
模糊Task 2: Fill in the blanks by using the correct forms of the verbs. 用动词的适当形式填空。
The old man___ ____ his wife, so he _____sad now.The old man ____ _____lonely now since his wife ____ two years ago.has losthas feltlose, die, feelfeelsdied现在完成时1：发生在过去的动作，对现在有影响时。
此时的动作为瞬间动作。thThese homeless children ____ _____in New Delhi, India since they lost their parents.
现在完成时2：发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在并有可能持续下去时；此时的动作为持续性动作。 Two volunteer teachers ____ ____ them English for a long time.have livedhave taughtlive, teachIII. Durative and Transient 持续动词teach
live
stay
know
travel
work
瞬间动词die
lose
come
begin
see
visit
瞬间动词转持续动词 Example:His father has left for five days.His father has been away for five days.瞬间动词转持续动词 瞬间动词buy
borrow
get up
begin/start
make friends with
… 持续动词have
keep
be up
be on
be friends with
… Task 2: Correction
改 错
I have bought a new car for two weeks.I have had a new car for two weeks.He has borrowed the book for two years.He has kept the book for two years.Lucy has got up for an hour.Lucy has been up for an hour.Tom and Jack have made friends since they went to college.Tom and Jack have been friends since they went to college. Let's finish Luka's story!Luka has not been able to walk for many years. He has dreamed of becoming a basketball player.Because of muscular dystrophy （肌肉萎缩症）Luka has seen many doctors to get his health back.However those doctors have not cured(治愈) his illness.但是一个著名的医生已经给Luka打了电话。But a famous doctor has called Luka.他告诉Luka他可以治愈他的病，所以Luka现在很高兴。He has told Luka he can cure his illness.Review We reviewed the structures of present perfect tense. 现在完成时的结构We learned the differences between present perfect tense and past simple tense.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 We learned durative and transient verbs.
持续性动词和瞬间动词Homework:
Retell Luka' story (100 words)Thanks a lotTeaching Plan for Grammar, Module 4, Book 1
Haikou Middle School
Teaching objectives:
After this period, students would be able to
1) grasp the structures of present perfect tense (positive, negative, interrogative, etc.)
2) acquire a deeper understanding of the differences between past simple tense and present perfect tense and then a better ability to judge when to use which tense;
3) recover and strengthen their understanding and knowledge about the functions of present perfect tense and the concept of durative verbs and transient verbs.
Important points in teaching:
1) Understanding the differences between past simple tense and present perfect tense.
2) Improving the ability of making grammatically correct sentences of the present perfect tense and put the ability into practice.
Difficult point in teaching:
1) Identifying and using the correct verb forms and sentence structures of relevant tenses in question.
2) Making meaningful and correct sentences by using the present perfect tense.
Teaching methods:
Communicative Teaching, Task-based Teaching and Cognitive Teaching methods
Teaching aids:
Multimedia facilities, a blackboard and a microphone, etcs.
Teaching Procedure:
Step I. Leading-in
1) Greet the Ss and welcome the teachers (by asking ‘How have you been? So far so good’
2) Introduce the contents and the learning aims of this period.
3) Introduce a story about Luka, a 12-year-old boy, who has suffered from muscular dystrophy.
★ Purposes of design: a. To introduce the contents of this period to the Ss
b. To present to the Ss the learning aims
c. To prepare the students for the coming tasks.
Step II. Presentation
1. Structures
1) To invite the Ss to try to read and understand a story written in present perfect tense and do some interpreting and ask the Ss to work out the structure by themselves.
The notes about the story:
Luka has not been able to walk for many years.
He has dreamed of becoming a basketball player.
It is the first time that he has thrown a ball to the basket，thanks to his photographer.
Skateboarding has always been exciting to him.
However, he has not tried skateboarding in real life.
Fortunately, his photographer has helped him to realize his dream in this photo at least.
Has scuba diving been one of his old dreams?
Yes, it has.
Luka has seen many doctors to get his health back.
Unluckily, those doctors have not cured his illness.
Structure:
Positive: S+have/has+V.ed
Negative: S+ have not/ has not +V.ed
Interrogative: Have/Has +S+V.ed ?
Answer: Yes, 代+have/has. No, 代+haven’t/hasn’t.
★ Purpose of this design: to recover and strengthen the Ss’ understanding of the structure of the present perfect tense to lay a more solid foundation for the following tasks and challenges
Task 1: correction
Luka have not been able to walk for many years.
Luka has not been able to walk for many years.
He has dream of becoming a basketball player.
He has dreamed of becoming a basketball player.
Sports has always be exciting to him.
Sports have always been exciting to him.
★ Purposes of design: a, to recover and strengthen the Ss’ understanding of the structure of present perfect tense to lay a more solid foundation for the following tasks and challenges.
Task 2: Please rewrite the following disordered sentences and make them meaningful.
① for many years, been able to, Luka, walk, has, not
Luka has not been able to walk for many years.
② a basketball player, becoming, he, dreamed of, has
He has dreamed of becoming a basketball player.
③ to him, exciting, has, always, Skateboarding, been
Skateboarding has always been exciting to him.
④ tried, skateboarding, in real life, he, has, not
He has not tried skateboarding in real life.
⑤ swimming, one, his, been, of, ? has, old, dreams,
Has swimming been one of his old dreams?
⑥ many, to get, back, has, Luka, seen, his health, doctors
Luka has seen many doctors to get his health back.
★ Purposes of design: to further improve the Ss’ understanding of the structures of the present perfect tense.
2. Differences between the past simple tense and the present perfect tense
1) Meanings:
First illustrate the differences between the two distinctive tenses by showing the Ss a diagram with a time axis.
Then strengthen their understanding by asking them questions:
① I lost my keys yesterday. Do I have my keys now?
② I have lost my keys. Do I have my keys now?
★ Purposes of design: a. To further ensure that the Ss understand the different functions of these tenses.
Task 3: Group Work: complete and do the dialogues with your partners.
A: Hey, you know what, I got $1,000 yesterday.
B: That’s great, I just need some money, ___________________________ (你能借我500美元吗？)
A: Sorry, I can’t.
B: Why?
A: Because__________________________ (我已经把钱给丢了。)
2) Temporal Adverbials
First of all, list some time adverbs or expressions and ask students to identify them.
Then ask them to tell the differences.
Task4: Fill in the blanks by using the correct forms of the verbs.
lose, die, feel
a. The old man___ ____ his wife, so he _____sad now.
b. The old man ____ _____lonely now since his wife ____ two years ago.
现在完成时1：发生在过去的动作，对现在有影响时。此时的动作为瞬间动作。
live, teach
a. These homeless children ____ _____in New Delhi, India since they lost their parents.
b. Two volunteer teachers ____ ____ them English for a long time.
现在完成时2：发生在过去的动作一直持续到现在并有可能持续下去时；此时的动作为持续性动作。
★ Purpose of design: to check out whether the students have understood the usage of present perfect tense.
3）Durative verbs and transient verbs and their transforming.
Give ‘teach, live, stay, know, travel’ as examples of durative verbs and ‘die, lose come, begin, see’ as examples of transient verbs.
Explain the differences of the two different kinds of verbs through some examples.
Then move on to a false example:
His father has left for five days.
Activate students to think and find out the mistake and correct it:
His father has been away for five days.
Then move on to the next step: some examples of transforming.
buy have
borrow keep
get up be up
begin be on
make friends with be friends with
Purposes of design: a. to encourage the Ss to put into practice what they have learnt about the present perfect tense; b. to give them a chance to appreciate the photos fully and to dig something deep in their hearts.
Task 5: Correction
I have bought a new car for two weeks.
I have had a new car for two weeks.
He has borrowed the book for two years.
He has kept the book for two years.
Lucy has got up for an hour.
Lucy has been got up for an hour.
Tom and Jack have made friends since they went to college.
Tom and Jack have been friends since they went to college.
Purpose of design: to help the Ss reinforce their comprehension of what they have learnt about durative and transient verbs in the present perfect tense
Task 6: Let's finish Luka's story! (translation)
但是一个著名的医生已经给Luka打了电话。
他告诉Luka他可以治愈他的病，所以Luka现在很高兴。
Step III. Revision
We reviewed the structures of present perfect tense.
现在完成时的结构
We learned the differences between present perfect tense and past simple tense.
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
We learned durative and transient verbs.
持续性动词和瞬间动词
Step IV. Homework Assignment
1) 三维设计 必修一 P. 60.61.
2) 课时作业与课型训练P.135-148
★ Purpose of design: to help the Ss enhance what they have learnt in this period.
