2026中考英语二轮复习专题突破精讲本04专题一 第3讲 动词的时态课件

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人教2026中考英语二轮复习 讲解课件
专题突破
专题一　形式多变的动词
第3讲　动词的时态
湖北等地适用
课标知识讲解
命题点
1
一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时（短文填空：
2025省卷40，2024省卷40）
时态 结构及标志词 一般现在时 （2025省卷40） 结构 1. 主语＋am/is/are＋表语
2. 主语＋动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式
时态 结构及标志词 一般现在时 （2025省卷40） 标 志 词 1. 频度副词：always， usually， often， sometimes， seldom， hardly ever， never
2. 频率词组：once a year， twice a month， three times a day等
3. 其他词组：in the morning， on Sundays，at/on weekends，every day/year...（every系列）
常见用法及示例
1. 表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。
2. 表示客观真理、客观存在的事实或自然现象。如：The earth moves around the sun.
（注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去的时态，从句也要用一般现在时。）
常见用法及示例
3. 用在以if，unless，as soon as，when，once等引导的时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时。如：I’ll tell him the news when he comes back.
4. 表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，但仅限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive等。如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
时态 结构及标志词 一般过去时 （2024省卷40） 结 构 1. 主语＋was/were＋表语
2. 主语＋动词过去式
标 志 词 1. 时间段＋ago：three days ago
2. yesterday类：the day before yesterday　
3. last词组：last weekend/night/week/year/...
4. 其他：just now， in the past， in 1995等
常见用法及示例
1. 表示过去某个特定时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。如： We went to the City Library last week.
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与频度副词连用。如：When I was a child， I often played basketball with my father.
时态 结构及标志词 一般 将来时 结 构 1. 主语＋will/shall＋动词原形
2. 主语＋am/is/are going to＋动词原形
标 志 词 1. tomorrow类：tomorrow， the day after tomorrow
2. next 词组：next week/month/year/...
3. in＋一段时间/将来的年份：in three days， in 2035， in the future
4. 其他：soon， this evening等。
常见用法及示例
1. 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：They will go to Shanghai next week.
2. am/is/are going to＋动词原形，表示计划、打算或准备做某事；或表现在已有某种迹象表明即将发生某事。如：①What are you going to do next Sunday？
②Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.（客观迹象）
常见用法及示例
3. am/is/are doing表示将来，常用这种结构的动词有go， come， leave， stay， start， begin 等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如：She is going there tomorrow.
4. “be about to ＋动词原形”和“be to＋动词原形”结构，表示即将发生的动作。如：The train is about to leave.
命题点
2
现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 现在 进行时 结 构 主语＋am/is/are＋动词现在分词
标 志 词 1. now， right now
2. at present， at this time， at the/this moment
3. these days
4. when， while引导的表示现在时间的状语从句
5. Look! Listen!等
常见用法及示例
1. 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如：
—What are you doing？—I am reading a book.
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如：They are studying hard this term.
3. go， leave， arrive， start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如： I am going to Beijing this Sunday.
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 过去 进行时 结 构 主语＋was/were＋动词现在分词
标 志 词 1. then
2. at that time， at ten yesterday， at this time yesterday等
3. when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
常见用法及示例
1. 表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：—What were you doing at nine last night？—I was watching TV at that time.
2. 常和always 等时间副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的，或习惯性动作，此时带有一定的感彩。如：Alice was always changing her mind.
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 现在 完成时 结 构 主语＋have/has＋动词过去分词
标 志 词 1. already， ever， never， just， yet， still
2. recently， lately， so far， up to/till now
3. in the past/last three years/...
4. since＋过去的时间点
5. for＋时间段
常见用法及示例
1. 表示过去发生的动作或行为对现在产生了影响或造成了某种结果。如：—Have you had your lunch yet？
—Yes， I have. I’ve just had it.
2. 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去。常和for， since连用，表示持续的动作或状态，谓语动词多为延续性动词。如：We have lived here since 2000.
知识必背
动词基本形式规则变化表
形式 例词 规律
第三人称 单数 serve→serves　　 read→① 　reads　 一般在动词原形后直接加-s
go→goeswash→② 　washes　 以s， o， x， z， sh， ch结尾的动词，后直接加-es
fly→fliesstudy→③ 　studies　 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y变为i，再加-es
reads
washes
studies
形式 例词 规律
过去式 work→worked　　 stay→④ 　stayed　 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed
encourage→encouraged like→⑤ 　liked　 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词后只加-d
stayed
liked
形式 例词 规律
过去式 try→tried carry→⑥ 　carried　 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y变为i，再加-ed
stop→stopped plan→⑦ 　planned　 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ed
carried
planned
形式 例词 规律
现在分词 sleep→sleeping　wait→⑧ 　waiting　 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing
smile→smiling write→⑨ 　writing　 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e，再加-ing
waiting
writing
形式 例词 规律
现在分词 sit→sitting dig→⑩ 　⑩digging　 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母，再加-ing
die→dying lie→ 　lying　 少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加-ing
digging
lying
对点训练
短文填空微训练
Group 1
encourage　enter　miss　succeed　win
1. How time flies! I 　will enter　 a senior high school next September.
2. Larry 　won　 first place in our school drawing competition last Friday.
will enter
won
3. My Chinese teacher often 　encourages　 us to read more books in life.
4. I miss ed the last bus just now, so I have to ride a shared bike to go home.
5. If you work hard and don’t give up， you 　will succeed　 in the future.
encourages
missed
will succeed
Group 2
create　collect　exercise　read　dance
6. When I entered the library， Tom 　was reading a science book quietly.
7. David 　is exercising　 at home to keep healthy while his sister is drawing a picture to relax herself.
was reading
is exercising
8. After years of writing， Eva 　has created　 many stories already and most of them are popular.
has created
9. As a hobby， I 　have collected　 more than 200 stamps from all over the world since I was a child.
have collected
create　collect　exercise　read　dance
10. Our classmates 　were dancing in the music room at this time yesterday to prepare for the art festival.
were dancing
易错点拨
一、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 共同点：现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。
2. 区别：①现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态或者经常发生的事情，不强调对现在产生的影响。
如：He has been a doctor for 5 years.他当医生5年了。
(5年前到现在一直是医生)
如：He was a doctor for 5 years.他过去做了5年医生。
(现在不是医生了)
②时间状语不同：现在完成时多与“for＋时间段”，“since＋时间点/从句”，“already”，“yet”，“ever”，“never”，“recently”，“in the past few years”等表示从过去持续到现在的时间状语连用；一般过去时则常与“yesterday”，“last week”，“in 2020”，“just now”，“a moment ago”等表示过去具体时间的状语搭配。
如：He has lived here for 10 years.他在这里住了 10 年了。（“住” 这个动作从过去持续到现在）
He lived here 10 years ago.他十年前住在这里。（过去住在这里，现在可能不住在这里了）
二、现在完成时的特殊用法
1. 短暂性动词（瞬间动词）可用于完成时，但不能与表示时间段的状语（如：for/since）连用，如果句中有
时间段，需要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。
例：He has borrowed my storybook for two weeks.（×）→He has kept my storybook for two weeks.（√）
【点拨】根据句中的“for two weeks”可知，“两周”是个时间段，需将短暂性动词borrow转换为延续性动词keep。且事情已经发生，应用现在完成时。
2. have gone to已经去了某地（未回）；have been to曾经到过某地（已回）；have been in已经在某地，后常接一段时间。例：Tom has gone to Beijing./Tom has been to Beijing./Tom has been in Beijing for two days.
三、现在完成时的特殊用法：
（1）have gone to 去了某地（未回，不可用于第一人称）
have been to 曾去过某地（已回）
have been in 仍在某地（未回）
（2）非延续性动词（瞬间动词）可以用于完成时，但不能与表示延续性的词（如for...， since...）连用，也不能用于以how long提问的疑问句中。
（3）It is ＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时的句子/过去的时间点。
易错点专练
一般过去时和现在完成时用法错误
tell　practice　sing
1. I 　told　 her about the plan of the picnic and she felt happy about it.
2. On the school talent show last week， my friend 　sang　 a beautiful song she wrote herself.
3. For the English speech contest， my friend 　has practiced　 her speech about “My Dream” many times so far.
told
sang
has practiced
时间介词和动词用法错误
对下列句子进行改错。
4. I have bought this bike for ten years and I am still using it now.
　b ought→kept　
5. My mother has taught English in Hongxing Primary School since twenty years. 　since → for　
bought→kept
since → for
综合检测
小题夯基
短文填空微训练
Group 1
drop　review　sleep　stand　take　travel
1. （2025安徽77题改编）I often rest under the tree and my pet dog 　sleeps　 beside me.
2. If someone’s trust is broken， it will 　take　 a long time to rebuild it in the future.
sleeps
take
3. In yesterday’s physics class, I learned that light 　trav faster than sound.
4. Lucy 　reviewed　 hard for her math test last week. That’s why she got good grades.
travels
reviewed
drop　review　sleep　stand　take　travel
5. When the fallen leaves 　dropped　 on my shoulder， I realized autumn had come.
6. The red lantern 　stands　 for good luck and happiness in traditional Chinese culture.
dropped
stands
Group 2
cook　discuss　find　produce　rain
1. When I left home this morning， it 　was raining　 heavily.
2. My mother 　is cooking　 in the kitchen while my father is watering the flowers.
3. Last night， I 　found a website about travelling in space， and I read some passages on it.
was raining
is cooking
found
cook　discuss　find　produce　rain
4. Our group is collecting information about our science report. We 　will discuss　 the details of it tomorrow.
5. Many factories in Wuhan 　have produced　 new energy cars so far to cut down on air pollution.
will
discuss
have produced
语篇提能
微短文填空
Passage 1 （2025重庆改编）
be　follow　give　keep　spend　watch
Li Liang is good at solving problems. He has 1. 　been　 interested in science since childhood.
been
One night when he was 11， he was 2. 　watchin　 the news on TV with his parents. He heard that there were harmful chemicals（化学物质） left in the vegetables people ate in a village nearby. Parents and kids were worried about their food safety.
watching
He couldn’t sleep that night because he 3. 　kept　 thinking about the kids of his age who didn’t have safe vegetables. He decided to do something to help. He 4. 　spent　 over a year in researching and testing. Finally， he invented a tool. It could show results fast， so people would know whether the food was safe.
kept
spent
be　follow　give　keep　spend　watch
Now， as a college student， he 5. 　gives public talks and holds science workshops（工作坊） to share his research methods. Through his hard work， more and more students say that they will 6. ow 　 in his footsteps in the future.
gives
follow
be　follow　give　keep　spend　watch
Passage 2
feel　grow　meet　refuse　stop　say　try
Many of us want to make new friends but are afraid of being turned down. This fear 1. 　stopped　 many people from forming meaningful connections many times.
stopped
One reason comes from low self-confidence. For example， Tom， a middle school student， has 2. 　felt　 unsure of himself since he failed a math test last month. He usually 3. 　refuses　 to talk to his classmates. He thinks they will find out his weakness.
felt
refuses
Past experiences also play a role. Take Lily as an example. She 4. 　tried　 to join a club last year but was turned down. So she has always thought， “Nobody wants me around.” Now， when she 5. 　meets　 someone new， she tells herself， “Maybe he will 6. 　ay　 no if I try to be friends with him.”
tried
meets
say
feel　grow　meet　refuse　stop　say　try
Being short of social skills is another reason. Many students don’t know how to start a chat. They feel nervous， which increases their fear of being turned down. So this fear 7. 　grows/has grown　 stronger over time.
grows/has grown
The fear makes us afraid of forming closer friendships. But there are ways to fix it! First， believe in yourself. Second， practicing talking to others makes a difference sometimes. Don’t let past failures stop you. Finally， don’t be shy—just say “hi” and start a conversation!
feel　grow　meet　refuse　stop　say　try
Passage 3
　　come　comfort　continue　join　learn　mention　start
Dear Ms.Li，
When I first came to China， I found Chinese pronunciation and characters（文字） super hard. I felt lonely and lost， but your smile really 1. 　comforted　 me. You told me， “Skills 2. 　come　 from practice.” I took your words to heart and 3. 　start　 writing characters.
comforted
come
started
　　come　comfort　continue　join　learn　mention　start
Now， I wake up early every Saturday to practice before breakfast. I have 4. 　learned/ learnt to read simple stories and even write short emails since joining your class! Through your lessons， I realize how rich Chinese culture is—like the dumplings and hot pot you5. 　mentioned　 before. They aren’t just delicious but have taught me Chinese traditions. Last week， I cooked dumplings for Mom and she loved them!
learned/learnt
mentioned
　　come　comfort　continue　join　learn　mention　start
Before， I was too shy to take part in school activities. Now， I 6. 　join　 clubs and even perform in class! Next month， I will take part in a Chinese poem contest（比赛）.
join
You have made my life here amazing. I will never forget your kindness. Wherever I go， I will7. 　continue　 learning Chinese.
Thank you for being my guide and friend!
Amy
continue
附录：动词的不规则变化表
一、AAA型（原形、过去式和过去分词相同）
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
cost cost cost 花费
cut cut cut 割；切；剪
hit hit hit 击打，撞击
hurt hurt hurt 受伤；感到疼痛
let let let 让
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
put put put 摆，放
read read read 读，朗诵
set set set 放置；设置
shut shut shut 关闭；关上
spread spread spread 展开；传播，散布
二、AAB型（原形和过去式相同）
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
beat beat beaten 击打；打败
三、ABA型（原形和过去分词相同）
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
become became become 变得，成为
come came come 来（到）
run ran run 跑
四、ABB型（过去式和过去分词相同）
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
burn burnt/burned burnt/burned 燃烧
deal dealt dealt 处理；发牌
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt 做梦
hear heard heard 听见
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
light lighted/lit lighted/lit 点燃；照亮
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
mean meant meant 意思是
smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt 闻，嗅
spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt 拼写
build built built 建筑，建造
lend lent lent 借给，借出
send sent sent 发送；打发
spend spent spent 花费；度过
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
bring brought brought 带来
buy bought bought 买
fight fought fought 打架
think thought thought 思考，想；认为
catch caught caught 捉，抓；赶上
teach taught taught 教授
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
bleed bled bled 流血；失血
dig dug dug 挖，掘
feed fed fed 喂养，饲养
find found found 发现，找到
hang hanged hanged 绞死
hung hung 悬挂；垂下
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
hold held held 拥有；握
住；举行
lead led led 引导，领导
meet met met 遇见
shine shone shone 照耀；发光
shined shined 擦光，擦亮
shoot shot shot 射击；发射
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
sit sat sat 坐
stick stuck stuck 粘贴；粘住
win won won 赢
feel felt felt 感到，觉得
keep kept kept 保持；保存
leave left left 离开
sleep slept slept 睡觉
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
sweep swept swept 打扫；清除
lay laid laid 下蛋；放置
lie lied lied 说谎
lose lost lost 失去，丢失
have had had 有；吃，喝
make made made 制造；使成为
pay paid paid 付费，付酬
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
say said said 说，讲
sell sold sold 售卖
speed sped/speeded sped/speeded 加速；超速驾驶
stand stood stood 站；忍受
tell told told 告诉
understand understood understood 明白；理解
五、ABC型（原形、过去式和过去分词各不相同）
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
blow blew blown 吹；刮风
draw drew drawn 画画
drive drove driven 驾驶
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 跌倒；落下
give gave given 给
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
grow grew grown 生长；发育；种植
know knew known 知道
mistake mistook mistaken 弄错，误解
ride rode ridden 骑
rise rose risen 上升，升起；提高
see saw seen 看见；理解
shake shook shaken 摇动，震动
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
show showed shown 表明；展示
take took taken 拿；乘坐；花费；
服用；携带
throw threw thrown 投；抛；扔
write wrote written 写
awake awoke awoken （使）醒来，唤醒
break broke broken 打破，弄坏；违反
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
choose chose chosen 选择
forget forgot forgotten 忘记
freeze froze frozen 结冰；冻僵
get got got/gotten 得到；到达
hide hid hidden 藏；遮挡；隐瞒
speak spoke spoken 说，讲
steal stole stolen 偷
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
wake woke woken 醒来，叫醒
begin began begun 开始
drink drank drunk 喝
sing sang sung 唱
swim swam swum 游泳
ring rang rung 给……打电话
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
be（am， is） was been 是
be（are） were bear bore borne/born 忍受；生育
do did done 做
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
fly flew flown 飞
go went gone 去
lie lay lain 躺；位于
wear wore worn 穿，戴
六、AB型（情态动词只有过去式，没有过去分词）
动词原形 过去式 过去分词 含义
may might / 也许，可能
can could / 能够，可以
shall should / 应该，将要
will would / 将要，想要
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